june 13, 1944 at the airfield in baranovichi, one of the largest in belarus, organized by the nazis in the first days of the occupation. all services operated as normal, the germans equipped two runways here, and bomber aircraft of the second air fleet, then the sixth, were based there. the airfield was considered safe ; ships of the highest german ranks, himmler and wolf, were usually received there. from here, flights were made deep into the soviet rear. technicians and tankers were preparing to begin servicing and preparing the aircraft. to

departure, unexpectedly, the morning silence was broken by explosions that thundered everywhere, panic began among the germans, attempts to take cover or at least run to the hangar turned out to be futile, this was the result of a massive raid by long-range soviet aviation, it began striking enemy targets 6 days before the beginning of the operation, explosions sounded on june 13, 14, 15, 18 at night and...

a complacent mood. robert von greim,

commander of the sixth air force, where he stayed after the morning viewing documents, were suddenly disrupted by explosions that seemed to be heard literally everywhere, the russians are bombing minsk, which is burning on the railway, a fuel storage facility! and this is already a bombed airfield, at the headquarters of the sixth air army for a long time they could not come to their senses from such insolence of the russians, everyone didn’t tell me, here to me.

eight airfields were hit the hardest, where up to 60% of the aircraft of germany's sixth most combat-ready air fleet were based. long-range bombers were especially effective in key areas - minsk airfield in baranovichi. they mainly bombed those places where troops were located, primarily, say, a freight station, where the germans loaded not only troops.

agricultural village, a soviet fighter appeared over the current one during the day, perhaps on june 25, it was probably a reconnaissance aircraft. behind the closed doors of hitler's wolf 's den, an emergency meeting was taking place, keitel, yodahl, heusinger were present, bending over the operational maps of the locations of the army group center, located on a huge table in the middle rooms, hitler and the invited senior military leadership tried to unravel the plans of the russians, the message about raids on airfields and destruction. planes were unpleasant and unexpected. what is this? disinformation? a red herring? they agreed on one thing, the latter was more plausible, but it was still a red herring. then they

could not imagine that exactly a month later , right here, in this room, an explosion would occur and an attempt would be made on the fuhrer’s life by one of the meeting participants. then the highest. the german military leadership tried determine russian plans. on june 20, 1944 , the headquarters of the supreme high command finally approved the combat plan for five air armies in the belarusian direction: the first, third, fourth, sixth and sixteenth. commanders, khryukin, popivin, vershinin, retired air army coordinators marshal vasilevsky, air chief marshal novikov. the supreme commander-in-chief set special tasks for the air force. conduct aerial reconnaissance and bomb

airfields. 10 airfields were put out of action in 5 days. in addition to conducting reconnaissance. assault operations, support for ground forces, in addition, separately. the task was to inflict massive attacks on the retreating troops before they took up positions that they had prepared in advance. on june 21, the military councils of the three belarusian and first baltic fronts approved the plans for combat operations of the air armies, and completed the planning and coordination of the actions of all troops in the upcoming operation. on the fronts before the start of the offensive, reconnaissance in force, on the morning of june 22, it was successfully carried out by the first baltic, third, second belarusian frontier, talk today about which city is ahead, readiness number one, goal -

vitebsk, suddenly in the air, a telephone message, goal - orshin, and we are already in a new direction, in a new action. as a result, in a number of sectors, the forward battalions managed to penetrate the enemy’s defenses to a depth of up to 6 km, especially the fierce battle of podorsha; the women’s 125th bomber regiment was transferred to the breakthrough. the game of merchant mouse begins, he should knock us down, we won’t let him knock you down, that’s the fight... they catch us, we curse, we don’t give in, big shots we fill in, one case, lena malyutina, seriously wounded in the stomach, this is a fatal, almost 99.9% wound, completes the task, lands

the plane, saves the plane, and the crew, lyutina. rutsakova, these are aces girls, she remains to live, her intestines were amputated, and after 3 months she returned to the front. the onslaught of soviet troops forced the german command to bring reserves into battle. the first belarusian front conducted reconnaissance in force on the night of june 23. she confirmed that the enemy is occupying the same positions. on the night of june 23 , long-range aviation began to operate actively already the entire front. the entire spectrum of aircraft that had been developed at one time, all participated, either long-range aviation, or

bomber, attack aviation, reconnaissance, spotter aviation , transport aviation. all types of aviation forces took part to the best of their ability. they had all kinds of planes. about 800, 793 aircraft. we had 5,500. for example, the first belarusian front had two air armies, the second and third belarusian front had. one air army each, yeah, general field marshal ernst busch, commander army group center, had been in a good mood for 3 days already. the long-awaited vacation has finally arrived; there are no surprises or shocks expected on the front. you can rest peacefully. from all the fuss, of which there is so much lately, morning coffee,

germany's favorite and main newspaper, völkischer biobachter. the russians began to attack. aviation equipment on the ground at the same time throughout the occupied territory there were explosions on railways . the rail war, which the belarusians declared on the enemy, was entering its decisive stage. partisans.

in these frames, minsk's post-war housing stock was 80% turned into ruins, and out of three hundred enterprises, 19 remained. after a while, as if the city of phoenix was already in an industrial form, by the seventies an industrial cluster had formed in the capital of the bssr, tractors and refrigerators, televisions, bearings, compared to the forties, production volumes increased 46 times. the economy is recovering, and minsk, with its active development and prospects, is becoming a place of attraction. microdistricts are growing, for housewarming serebryanka and green onions, southwest, are being prepared, but along with construction and

the creation of new jobs , a transport problem arises, buses and trolleybuses cannot cope with the flow of passengers, and in order to meet the requirements of the time and provide people with comfort in movement , the design of the metro has begun. only cities with a population of over a million could lay claim to underground know-how in the soviet union. minsk abroad has crossed 25. construction begins on may 3, 1977 in

the area of ​​chelyuskintsev park. soon their fighting vehicles and the first the pile was driven into the pit of the future chelyuskkentsy park station on june 16, 1977. relay race. this is how the minsk metro began. the first line was 8 km long. from the institute of culture to moskovskaya there are eight stations along what was then still leninsky prospekt. at that time, belarusians had no experience in such work. i had to start. from scratch: to meet new technical labor requirements. in the village of shabany, for example, they began to build a production base for the metro, and specialists from moscow, baku, and tashkent arrived in minsk. the most experienced the allied unit is tunnel unit number one. later, our pride - the belarusian metro construction school - will appear on its base.

this may be, to put it crudely, dirty work, wet work. well, that is , working conditions and constantly working in helmets and working in rubber overalls, that is , it had to be different, everything is developed manually, there are jackhammers, there sometimes you even have to blow up volons, which are very large, there is a lot of trouble, there is water , the tunneling shield arrives from kharkov by this time, it should be noted that it is not mechanized, a lot of manual labor, but nevertheless this tunneling shield made it possible. geological conditions, as a result , the shallow location of stations, such a specificity of the minsk metro due to glacial formations, there is a vast underground sea under the city. due to the high groundwater level, about half of

the entire route had to be laid with artificial aquatic depression. there were also obstacles above ground. kupalovskaya, for example, on a level with residential buildings, the new wall in the ground technology helped strengthen the structures; it was also used on lenin square at the pobeda square station. in order not to damage the architectural ensemble of the capital, especially in the historical part of the metro, they built it with pinpoint precision. initially, they planned to move the majestic obelisk, but thanks to a competent engineering approach this was avoided. the victory monument is in its original place, but... there were still major metamorphoses; the once round square became oval. every meter of the underground routes was difficult, recalls the foreman of the tunnelers, nikifor malkov. now i'll stand on the bridge over vislozh, i remember the tunneling when we passed under this river. previously, they thought of making a bypass channel to allow

light traffic to pass through it. here. then it was supposed to be frozen, but this is all very expensive. and our engineers came up with something else: they built a dam across the svislych river and passed water through pipes. an artificial dam of 38 m, 10 svisloch throughput pipes changed the channel. the crossing of the river was carried out in just a couple of weeks. at the institute of culture station we encountered other difficulties. you understand, there is a railway line when heavy trains pass , the road surface vibrates. it is very difficult to build, but in addition, during the construction of the institute of culture station, warehouses with ammunition from the times of the great patriotic war were found, of course, we had to use the services of sappers so that they would clear all this, copper pipes through the fire into the water, and for a long time a closed avenue and numerous detours, the first

section of the minsk metro took 7 years to build, people understood that the inconveniences were temporary, but the events... epochal, the metro is forever will change the life of not just a specific person, but the entire country. thus, two dozen nationalities worked at the construction site of the century, and materials were supplied from 200 cities. through allied efforts , we exceeded deadlines and stepped into a new transport era. on the eve of this bright holiday, the fortieth anniversary of the liberation of belarus, minsk residents received a big gift. six months ahead of schedule, pushchina is the first. the metro line, be careful, the doors are closing, the next station is oktyabrskaya, i woke up

early that day because i knew that i would already go on the first train, that is, i had already been instructed, everything was told to me, how it would be... to go, how what, when i had already left for the stalin line of the station, then i already felt that this was probably the city for itself, what should i 24 years old, a young guy, and already a driver, and especially with the first train, i was standing on the second track, traveling on the second train, of course there were a lot of people at the station, of course they asked how the train goes into the tunnels, of course, it’s very interesting, take pictures prohibited on camera, prohibited, well, as i explained, on the finger it says explained how belt f... where does it go for me it was a feeling of pride that i started the movement of trains in the morning, for me it was the highest medal that could be given, you are.

amazing, moved to tears, filled with joy. the stations are very beautiful and are not inferior to the metro in leningrad. it’s just some kind of holiday, an impression. thank you for the taste, for the aesthetics, and of course, for caring about us, minsk residents. only in the first days of work in guest books. and proposals, passengers left more than 3,000 manuscripts. that 's it, children, our city has a hero new heroes, june 29, 1984. dad, this is the day you were born and you and the metro are turning 40 years old? yes, children, we have a double holiday. by blue express in just 11 minutes, during rush hours it is many times faster than by ground transport. it would seem obvious... property, but the minsk metro might not have happened. on the eve of the 1980 olympics , due to financial issues, they wanted to mothball the construction.

the capital defended its interests, and after the launch it entered a new orbit. the moscow metro line has been extended by vostok station. simultaneously unfolds construction of the automobile plant branch, these are six stations from the tractor plant to frundenskaya. here's a pioneer. it immediately became one of the most difficult on the route. firstly, this is geology, the station is completely surrounded by water, and secondly, historical treasures, the cassette passed over the minsk castle and archaeologists joined the metro builders. when we started to develop the soil, we found an ancient city, dismantled the top layer almost by hand until we reached the whole, looked very carefully at the development, looked at what is there. these artifacts were collected, somewhere around, probably 7-8 meters, the development was carried out manually with a shovel. wooden structures and household items, starting from the 11th

century, in order to scan the cultural layer , construction was paused for 2 years. the station is extremely rich in finds, and in order to preserve the monuments of our history, the project was adjusted. nemiga became the shortest. the second line was also built quite quickly. pace on new year's eve on december 31, 1990 at the tractor plant station in a solemn atmosphere the opening of the second line of the minsk metro, such a new year's gift, but not everything was so smooth, the fact is that on this section one station was not ready, this is the pervomaiskaya station, we had to redesign this station a little, because it should have been like all the stations of the strange type, but because of the svislych river they built tunnels as close as possible. the soviet union

collapsed, the economies of all post-soviet countries went into a deep recession, the metro also fell into the zone of turbulence, what should we do, where should we allocate funds first? when people don’t receive their salaries for months, he visited them a lot, and it was decided that no metro closures, if he says, close them, then you won’t gather people, this is true,

i’ve been working at the menskmetro design institute for a little over a quarter of a century , i came to it in the late nineties, when our country had just begun to gradually get back on its feet after devastation, our country’s great merit is that in those difficult years it was able to preserve this industry, metro construction. at the turn of events, the metro again becomes a public object, and, without hoping for outside help, we rely on our own. lelchitsy began to supply migmatite, this is a special rock. sleepers were brought from borisov, paint for the trains from lida. gomel glass sparkled with new colors. trend on otechestvenny. we still support today, escalators, by the way, we all use belarusian production, which means they are produced in soligorsk, trovolators that are already working for... are also belarusian,

mogilev produced them in our years, so we are trying replace domestically produced equipment as much as possible. belarusian mark of quality, plus hard work and continuity. no one doubted the need for such an important transport artery for minsk, which was actively growing every year. convenience and comfort were felt immediately after the introduction of the first stations. therefore, for the continuation of construction.

the minsk metro is also a construction site for testing new technological solutions, and the fact that we can finance such construction in difficult times for the republic is another evidence of the recovery of our economy, not a single metro construction project has been frozen or abandoned, on the contrary, we are confidently moving forward here, the metro has become a key object of transport infrastructure,

highways have connected the center of the industry. there are stilts underneath it, the stone hill station is also located on stilts. the revival of the country continues in the 2000s, which means the metro has stepped into the 21st century with new projects. the blue highway extended to the borisov highway and uruchy. after 5 years, grushevka, mikhalova, petrovshchina, name stations in the past village. i remember when we were building these stations, i was there.

the metro is the first in the post-soviet space, the third in the world after london and vancouver, which began to use a contactless bank card to pay for travel simultaneously at all stations, and we do not stand in one place, we are ahead of the rest, third place in the world, and of course you can pay via phone, different applications, the third line was especially notable for its innovations, it became a real breakthrough or even an underground rocket mechanized shield olesya, gentle

slavic: name, in fact makhina is almost 100 m and 500 tons. the tunnel-boring complex, with the support of the state, was purchased specifically for the construction of zeleno-luzhskaya. if previously only 45 m were developed in a month, now it is 250. yubileinnaya square is the deepest, 25 m below the ground level, the poetic frantishka bagushevich, followed along the route by the station and kovalskaya sloboda. it is at this station in 2020 that the grand opening and current theses from the head of state will take place. today's launch of the first stage of new metro lines is an indicator of our social and political sustainability. at this time, states like us do not create such objects. once upon a time

i demanded. mitrosroevtsev ten years ago, so that we don’t create museums underground, it’s very expensive, we already pay 80 million dollars for each kilometer of excavation, if in general... take finishing and excavation, so there is no need to create museums, but stations should be functional, attractive, aesthetic, beautiful. blooming berry robin, folk life on yakub kolos square and the strict academy of sciences. each station has its own unique look. for conceptual stories, a limited list of materials is used, with an emphasis on ergonomics and safety. not used to it, the guests admire it, and the stellar petrovshchina completely inspired, combining engineering thought with high art,

the lighting of the vostok stations was returned to its original state, it turned out to be what was intended, a spaceship, the academy of sciences station was put in order, lighting was made there and returned those the curtains that were between the columns were a victory. the station was made by oktyabrskaya, made by the station's residents, designers and constructors, builders, engineers, architects, a large team of experienced specialists works on each station. in general, i am a follower, my father, says vladimir nikolaevich, he is the author of many minsk metro stations. the process is long, complex, and at the same time very rewarding. was here once.

works of art already recognized, dad, when i grow up, i will become a machinist, and i will

work in the metro, i will transport our whole family and my friends, a great idea, and you know how many passengers the metro transports, a lot, 800 thousand per day. and in a year this is about 300 million people; in terms of passenger traffic, the belarusian metro ranks third in the cis. the mechanism works like a clock, passengers don’t even notice that behind this rhythmic coherence there is clear teamwork. our situation center is sometimes called the eyes of the metro. why? because continuous video monitoring occurs throughout the day. this is what video surveillance inspectors do; they exist for these purposes. we have three video surveillance systems and about 2,500 cameras, but the main tasks of our center are to organize the interaction between the duty services of the structural units of the metro and the emergency services of the city of minsk. a digital panorama where

the stable operation of the metro and the profiling of passengers, suspicious behavior of people, going beyond the limit line or an ownerless find are monitored, all information is instantly transferred to the security service and below are the first to meets passengers in the lobby. in addition to the safety of passengers, i think this is also ensuring security throughout the republic, because the person who is in our metro, he can be a visitor, he can be from out of town, he can stay here, go into the metro, go to the bus station , to the railway station, and can go to another city, accordingly, if we identify him with a prohibited item, prohibited for transportation, or prohibited...