dear nina, congratulations, you’re fired, okay, that’s it, happy holiday to you, happy holiday, you’re just a pearl, my dears, congratulations, tomorrow we’re going to krasnodar, kirill is accepting a new unit, and you’re the bride.

what they teach the younger generation there, i myself am ready to give a tour, but so to speak, to the places of military glory, i have great pleasure, just a minute, tolyan, enema, what is your finest hour.

the song of iradzima remains, we can all change, if the yans are not fallen, we will not meet the smoke of the spring, our dreams, only this will not happen hour, life will be eternal, as always, bright folk words, monthly expression on the grass. and nyakhay life is not a great sand, you,

kamu aychyny pain balіts, there is radzima, there is a song, there is a song, there is a life. all types of wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity , pigment spots, almost all of this, and to be precise, in 80% of cases, these are the latest data from scientists, indicators of an old organism, and often premature. due to

sun exposure and the only way to prevent this problem is to avoid sun, but what about vitamin d, you ask, you will be absolutely right, but hide from the sun all your life? for the sake of external youth is also not the point, and as always , science comes to the aid of a person, because it was she who gave us special means for protection from the sun’s rays. of course, these are creams and gels with spf, which will be discussed in the next half hour. this is a science project nearby, my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, look at the program. pharmacist. from the usa and a chemist from switzerland, who invented the first sunscreen? the question is not aesthetics, but health, why the skin from solar radiation needs to be protected not only by ladies, but also by representatives of the stronger half of humanity. and protection in a tube, how

products with spf work, a great conversation in the studio of the program with a dermatologist. the first who thought about sun protection were the ancient greeks; they rubbed their skin with olive oil, but as you understand, this did not solve the problem. the ancient egyptians, in an attempt to avoid sunburn, used extracts of rice and jasmine. but only after thousands of years in in the forties of the last century, it was possible to derive the formula for the first sunscreen. i’ll tell you how it happened right now in our history section. well, let's start with deciphering the abbreviation spf, translated from english as sun protection factor. the first synthetic product with this same sun protection factor

was invented by a french chemist. founder of the beauty industry giant angel schuler in 1936. however, the intensity of sun protection was very low. later. less than 10 years later, the question of minimizing sun exposure on the skin was asked benjamin green. an american pharmacist who served as a pilot noticed the negative effects of the sun on the skin of soldiers. it was green who came up with the idea of ​​using red veterinary petroleum jelly. this tool coped with the task quite well, but there was a serious drawback. the greasy gel stained my clothes, but the aroma was still the same. igrin modified the product by adding oil, cocoa and coconut, and to hide the unpleasant odor, he used jasmine fragrance. this is how the world saw the first real sunscreen . in another part of the world, in switzerland, six years earlier , chemistry student franzheiter

suffered a severe burn to his face while climbing mountains in the alps. this also prompted the novice scientist to search for a solution to the problem. and already in 1946, gaither began selling his product. blocking solar radiation, by the way, he named the cream after the mountain he climbed and received a burn, pizbuin. the product from the swiss chemist, as well as the american gel, still had one drawback: it was very heavy and lay on the skin like an oil mask. gaither is already working on solving this problem worked for 16 years, but the work brought results . in 1962, he voiced the term that we still use today. protection factor, or in short, spf, is well known to us; it was he who invented creams with a waterproof effect. for a long time, it was believed that those who

want to avoid the appearance of age spots should use products with spf. naturally, these were mostly women. however, every 5 years new research appears that suggests what to use. what is well known is that most skin tumors - this is both skin cancer and skin melanoma, are associated precisely with excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, although this is of course not the only factor, you need to clearly understand, because both skin cancer and melanoma can develop in areas that are never exposed, but no less practically,

if we talk about skin cancer - this is 80-90% on the skin of open areas of the body, well, it’s a little more difficult for the skin cancer, so naturally there should be some kind of protection, the use of creams. sunscreen, this is good, but this is not the only, let’s say, factor, but first of all turn, of course, you need to think about the fact that it is not sunbathing sunny time noon, yes, as there is a saying that is short. shade , go into the shade, this is from about 11 to 2 to 3 o’clock, especially if you are somewhere on vacation at resorts and so on and so forth, this is mandatory clothing, this is more reliable protection from the sun, these are head coverings headwear, these are dark glasses, of course, and as an addition, of course, it is advisable to use photoprotective cream, photoprotection is especially important for people who, well, according to their gender activities are forced... the sun is suitable for an hour, two, or three hours, that is , when solar ultraviolet radiation

is maximum, so here, of course, photoprotective clothing, and of course, photoprotective creams must be applied. if we talk about skin cancer and melanoma, the disease is higher in men, well, this is again due to the type of activity, men more often work outdoors, and in principle, photoprotection is for everyone. as for children, of course, under the age of 3 years , it is advisable that children do not deliberately sunbathed. sunny. burns received in childhood, not even very small ones, but up to 14 years old, but if there are three or four sunburns, then the risk increases three to six times; later, when the person is already an adult, the risk of developing skin cancer and skin melanomas, if you are on vacation, of course, it is clear that it is very nice not to relax here with you, yes, well, at least some kind of t-shirt, and of course you can use photoprotective cream, they are usually labeled, children's cream is for adults, they differ a little . in terms of composition, well degree of protection, of course, for children it is best to take maximum protection, and you

also need to remember that children’s skin is not the same as that of adults, the mechanisms of protection against ultraviolet have not yet been worked out anywhere, so we sunbathe as adults, we get a tan - this is the result of the body’s protection from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin; children have thinner skin, the stratum corneum is thin, yes, they have not yet developed everything with the production of pigment, so of course children need to be protected. from over-learning, it turns out that is using products with spf a matter of health, not aesthetics? yes, this is one thing about health, but as for aesthetics, no one, as they say, there are two, let’s say, positive effects, yes, it is clear that the sun does not only cause cancer, and not everyone will develop cancer, it is clear, but as for photodamage, well, as a rule, it occurs between the ages of 50 and 60, especially in fair-skinned people.

thank you very much for taking the time, and we continue, there is even more useful, very important information ahead in the form of cream, gel and even stick, let’s figure out how to choose sunscreen product, we will find out who needs which spf and check under ultraviolet light how sunscreens work. everyone sees that when the west comes to a country, when it develops a network of ngos, when it imposes its policies there, the country loses its sovereignty, sovereignty today is a very vague concept, we cannot ensure our security alone, it is impossible, but we have been taught for many decades that if we cannot do this, then in a union. with another country, for example, with the russian federation, this automatically means a loss of sovereignty, but this is not so, in their

concessions putin and lukashenko say: “guys, why are you raising these nuclear issues, we are never going to do this, we don’t want to, and why are we conducting exercises so that this it never happened that those who stand behind europe, this is primarily america, great britain, understood that it would not be possible to sit on an island if there was such a conflict, the time has come for those who are brave and can defend their policies, their rhetoric, their own. independence, sovereignty, its economy, then the country survives. the project is objective. don't miss new episodes on the belarus 24 tv channel . every day we work to ensure that you receive the latest and most useful information. the twenty-minute format allows us to talk about what is happening in belarus. and the world, take a linguistic walk around the capital in the company of our guides, find

a new place on the map of belarus that is definitely worth seeing, and also suggest projects and films that will certainly become yours favorites, this and much more awaits you in the ether 24x7 project, watch on the belarus 24 tv channel . sunscreen does not work immediately, and therefore it is better to apply it half an hour before going outside, that’s who exactly, we will sort it out in the studio with a dermatologist . victoria, hello, let's start with what spf generally consists of, or rather a product with spf, because it

contains sunscreen filters. taking any cream or bottle, you can see what is indicated. spf - factor indicated by some number, and through a fraction the abbreviation ppd is written or in korean cosmetics pa fact, that is, this is the factor that protects specifically from uva radiation, why are we so afraid of it, because it is this that penetrates through the clouds all year round, both in winter and summer, and reaches the dermis of our skin as deeply as possible it has its own damaging effect there and provokes releases. free radicals, disrupts proper cell division, can cause any mutations in the skin, it is this radiation that leads to the formation of cancerous lesions, for example, basaleoma or squamous cell skin cancer or melanoma. there is a mandatory requirement for the ratio of spf factor and pa factor. it should be one to three, that is, the content

of the pa factor, one to three with spf, that is, it is often indicated by plus signs. it can also be indicated by numbers, but more often you can see exactly the number of pluses after this abbreviation, that is, for example, the maximum sunscreen will have, we will read on the tube spf50, the fraction pa 4 pluses will be written, that is, this is the maximum the level of protection of the cream, then we’ll look into the types of products with spef, but before there were somehow more and more creams, but now gels have appeared, and even sticks. which is better, again, i ’m sure you will say everything individually, but for sure there are some, let’s say, basics, basics, basics, the basics are that our skin still needs both protection and hydration, it doesn’t matter, is it oily skin or dry skin, it still needs hydration, depending on the type we will choose a foundation in which one or another

filter is mixed, denser for, for example, dry leather or lighter texture, gel texture. for oily skin, but in any case , the components should be moisturizing, that is , in principle, depending on the type of skin, we give dry skin more moisture, so you can probably use gels, well, if you think about it like that, milk or cream, milk or cream, oily skin is more suitable, but gel textures, which are more water-based, there are also foundation creams with spf, which is why i also use them. popular, but what is better, the cream that we apply and then on top a foundation without, for example, protection, or an ordinary cream foundation of protection, here’s what to do if we are talking about an ordinary weekday, a working person, when he is not on vacation, he has a road to work

and a road to work, everything else indoors , the rest of the time he spends indoors, it will be quite convenient to use here. cosmetic products with a toning effect, if a woman uses them, it is with spf filters, but if we are talking about rest, when a person is around a lot hours in the open sun, on the beach, swimming in the water, there, of course , separate products with sun protection factors should be used, as i understand it, this is the sun protection factor on vacation, on the seashore, in the open sun, the higher the better, i for what? to figure out how they, so to speak, differ, 15, 30, 50, and somewhere i even saw 90 spf, for some reason not 100, exactly 90, tell me about these numbers, these numbers mean the index of this , spf, is an abbreviation, yes, sunprotection

factor, that is, sun protection factor, and it denoted by a digital value, an index, this figure. means how long you can stay in the sun, in the open sun, using this means of protection, of course, if we are talking about relaxation, about active sun, the spf factor must be at least 50, it is impossible to produce more than 50, the sun protection factor with the level 50 protects 98% from solar radiation; unfortunately, more than this percentage is not possible. for the winter period, or during use, for example, for those people who work for a long time behind monitor screens computers, yes, because blue light from

monitor screens also has, yes, damages the skin and causes photoaging, that is, those who sit at the computer must use spf cream if this is the main time of work, if it is more than 2 hours a day, and we don’t want... like all women, to grow old, we want to remain young and beautiful for a long time, yes, our skin receives this damaging effect, including from blue light. and now, it seems to me, it’s time to look at how spf products work? my colleague, having learned that the cream is needed apply to everyone, including men, i decided to test the effect of the cream on myself. let's see the plot. filters are the main component of sunscreens, in fact they work as a reflective element, that is

, the sun’s rays will not reach the skin protected by the cream, it will simply reflect them, they contain physical filters and chemical filters, physical filters, how do they affect our skin, when applied to the skin , they are ultraviolet rays, when they hit the skin, they convert them into heat, that is, they do not penetrate the skin with ultraviolet rays rays, and... ultraviolet filters, which we have chemical, they reflect the sun's rays, against the background of this they do not penetrate the skin with ultraviolet radiation. which cream is most suitable for whom, with what degree of protection, depends on the phototype. there are four types of scandinavian leather and two additional types. the first skin type is very light skin, blue eyes. this skin type belongs to people who tan very quickly and do not tan.

skin type is a black race. to determine the degree of exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the skin, you need not only to know its type, but also the biodose, that is, the amount of ultraviolet radiation that will not injure the body. there is a biodosimeter. the biodosimeter is a specific plate. this plate has six windows, and the biodose is determined on the most sensitive skin. from a distance of 50 cm, our ultraviolet vestment lamp is installed and one opens. cat and is irradiated for 15 seconds, then the second, again 15, third, fourth and so on, it turns out that the skin area in the first window the irradiation lasts only 15 seconds, in the last one -

30 minutes, after that the doctors wait 4 hours, when the pigmentation appears, they look at which of the rectangles is tanned as evenly as possible, with smooth, clear edges, this will become the biodose value, and knowing this number you can choose a cream with the necessary spf filter, well, in order to understand at home how much time you have before you get sunburned, there is even a special application available for any smartphone, you just go into it, it determines for you skin type and tells you how much time you have, moreover, current information about the solar situation is updated here and your smartphone is sent directly to you, and you can see what level of radiation is at a given moment, on a given day, by reading the notification, you can any... we apply the product to two fingers, one index finger to the third

finger, that is, this somehow should be enough, we have enough of this product to apply to the skin, face, neck and ears, again, if we apply it to open areas of the upper limbs, then we also apply two fingers on one hand, and on one hand on the other hand, this is the two-finger rule when applying sunscreen... we also need to remember about the areas of the skin that dermatologists consider the most sensitive: eyelids, ear , chest and neck. for those who have just joined us, i’ll tell you that this is a science project nearby, today we’re looking into sunscreens, we have dermatologist victoria sekiritskaya in our studio. victoria, we have sorted out the classification of funds. let's figure out how best to apply products with spf, because again, the information is different, some say 15 minutes

before going outside in the open sun. some say half an hour, others say it’s better in an hour. we need to figure out what kind of product we have in our hands, that is, what filters it contains, if these are physical filters that, so to speak, act like a screen, reflecting these damaging rays, they can be applied immediately before exiting, but most of them are funds on the market - these are mixed creams that contain both physical and chemical filters, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, and therefore... still, if the cream contains chemical filters, it is better to apply them half an hour before exit, before exit in the sun so that they act, so that they are better absorbed into the skin and already provide their sun protection effect adequately. whether it is necessary to repeat this procedure, let's say, to apply sunscreen during, for example , a day, again, as i understand it, depends on the situation. sunscreen is needed renew

every 2 hours if you are in direct sun. provided you don't swim in water. if you swam in water, then after each exit from the water you need to renew your sun protection. creams are applied with a rubbing motion in order to improve absorption, because depending on how deeply our chemical, for example, filter, which is still the majority in sunscreens, is absorbed, its sunscreen effect will be as effective as possible. so what to do, now he’ll ask...

this is excessive insolation, there are quite convenient sunscreens in the form of sprays, for example, that is, you can apply them to the skin of the face, closing your eyes and spray it on your face in this way, it’s quite convenient, well, since you’ve already told us how to apply, tell us how wash it off, if we are talking about the summer season, about rest, about preparing the skin and protecting it during rest, then it should be noted that our glands still work, our sweat glands work, our sebaceous... glands work, they all work from the inside to the outside, that is, they themselves also wash this cream out of the pores, that’s why we say that it needs to be renewed every 2 hours, that’s why our body cleanses itself and of course adequate washing with good ones is enough, we still use foam, yes, and after the beach, before we go to bed and rest, we need to cleanse the skin well, that is, if this is a period of rest

in the summer season, a good product with peahens, yes, surfactants that give good foam, is adequate will wash off this cream because some internet sources say that we only wash off spf with hydrophilic oil. unfortunately, we cannot recommend hydrophilic oil to all our patients, because there is skin that categorically does not perceive it adequately, we will thus provoke inflammation, but if we take a good pet... for example, for oily skin prone to acne, she will wash it off. fortunately, today there are spf creams specifically for problem skin with acne. they have a lighter texture, they are non-comedogenic, they also have added medications that also have a therapeutic effect, that is, they dry out some inflammatory elements. therefore, fortunately , we have a wide selection of what we can now offer for patients with oily skin and

skin prone to... well, probably the last question, is it possible to live all year round with spf, with products, yes, with spf, or nevertheless, only when the first sun appears, and already in the fall you can relax and not apply anything, use the usual moisturizers there. of course, that's it individually, again, it all depends on the mode of work, the lifestyle of our person, if...