we can specifically say here, yes, we can specifically say that we are also at a loss, let’s be honest, well, then i will help the teachers’ room and the guys on the playground, this is karl, karl ivanovich, the home teacher in nikolinka’s family in the story of tolstoy’s childhood. valeria, russian language, pay attention to the screen, tell me what mistake was made in the word, or maybe... two l, no, lerochka, well, accounting, accounting, you need 2, yes, accounting, you gave your answer, alas, it is incorrect, alexander, you have the opportunity to earn two points, accountant, we missed the letter x, ha, this is an absolutely correct answer, yes, we missed the letter x, alexander, let it be geography, name it highest. i think

the anda mountains, i accept your answer, this is the wrong answer, valeria you have, maybe the yulia lyaka volcano, in south america, alas, the teacher’s room, i don’t remember either, the teacher’s room won’t help, it won’t help, alas, we won’t remember, attention, the correct answer is a mountain with an unpronounceable name, almost the same as... the same volcano that you remembered, lera, mount acancagua, here it is, the correct answer to our question, let's let's look at it, pay attention to the screen, this is how it looks, it looks so that nothing predicts that its name will be so complicated, lera, choose a category, belarusian literature, name the author of works tartak, revenge, olympics, unfortunately, at a loss to answer , the turn goes to alexander, alexander, maybe you...

ivan ptashnikov, this is the answer that i would really like to hear here, so that one of you gets these very important points, but you, alexander, although you are the sphinx, and this is the correct answer, yes, let's let's look at the screen, here they are, terrible on the face, kind inside, lera continued.

to the super final, only less than the first one, it remains to understand with what score our game ended today, with a score of 45-38, today valeria wins, and 45-38, well, let's applaud the guys, alexander, today you have the second one.

in every store, cafe, restaurant, at work, at school and even in a car, yes, according to the traffic rules of belarus, every car should have one, this is, of course, a fire extinguisher, with which even a person can’t handle a fire. a professional rescuer, although of course... it wasn’t always like this, for centuries fire was the hardest test for people, they tried to extinguish it with stones, axes, buckets, and to stop the spread of the flames, they even demolished nearby houses. this is the science nearby project, my name is ekaterina beretskaya, hello, today we’ll find out together when a fire extinguisher came to help people in the fight against the fire element, and what role science played in this, so don’t miss it in the program. barrel, box and grenade, let's study

the history of the creation of the world's first fire extinguisher. what are they, fire extinguishers? modern ones, how many there are and how they differ from each other, are ready to fight fire, the correspondent of our program extinguished a real fire with the help of a fire extinguisher and now knows exactly how to do it correctly. the very first fire extinguisher in the world was a wooden barrel; it was proposed by the german zechariah gray to use it in the fight against the fire element. somewhere at the beginning of the 15th century. the barrel was filled with 20 liters of water and equipped with a small amount of gunpowder . if a fire started, the barrel was set on fire and rolled into the flames, it exploded and put out the fire.

i’ll tell you right now how the first even remotely similar modern fire extinguisher appeared. in 1734, in germany , the doctor fuchs proposed extinguishing fires using a glass ball of salt water. he was thrown into the flames, where the ball broke. the saxon engineer kühn invented a fire extinguishing box that contained a mixture of saltpeter and coal and, when ignited, released a gas that prevented the spread of fire. the first such box was tested in 1846, and the first explosive powder. the non-extinguisher was called fire gas and was invented by the russian engineer naum sheftal in the second half of the 19th century. well, the first foam fire extinguisher well known to modern man was invented by russian engineer alexander laurent. the scientist spent a long time conducting experiments on extinguishing burning oil and realized that the most

effective way to cope with a fire was to use air-mechanical foam and founded the compact fire extinguisher evreka, which works on this principle. his first test. took place in st. petersburg in may 1905, almost half a century later, in 1953, after after 15 years of complex research, japanese chemist jiro nima synthesized an organic liquid called light water. this liquid has a unique property; it is capable of extinguishing a fire at any stage of the fire. the same scientist, jero nezama, in 1954 invented another type of fire extinguisher, a self-activating one. the chemist's discovery was prompted by a powerful earthquake in tokyo. neizam's device was triggered automatically in case of danger without human intervention. the fire extinguisher module was filled with powder with a thermal sensor, which responded to fire. in belarus, the latest

innovative developments in the field of fire fighting. deputy chief, pavel vladimirovich is our guest today, hello, we have already learned how humanity came to the modern fire extinguisher, now we want to know how many of these modern fire extinguishers, or rather, more correctly , types, exist today, what is in service, our industry today we are able to produce a wide range. extinguishers, they can be of various designs, both structurally and in principle and with different fire extinguishing agent, however, in firefighter practice, the most used are powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. as for powder fire extinguishers, they effectively extinguish fires of solid, liquid and

gaseous substances, so in principle electrical installations are under voltage, the second most common fire extinguisher is carbon dioxide, that is, powder, as i understand it, there is some kind of powder inside. the powder is the most universal, it does not require any - much maintenance, allows, taking into account the fact that once every 5 years it needs to be recharged, in principle it is the most common universal one. can we say that for firefighters a fire extinguisher is the main tool, but just the opposite, probably yes, a modern firefighter is equipped with a large number of other equipment that allows him to effectively deal with a fire, and a fire extinguisher is more of a tool for... .

there is up to 400 kg or more, this is basically the same fire extinguisher, because it is made of itself. represents a cylinder, in particular a metal container, and depending on the fire load, on some circulating substances or materials in production or in the same shopping centers, this is a certain type of fire extinguishing agent, so we can say that a firefighter has us in the car in our personal car, yes, it’s still the same fire extinguisher, the type may change, but at the same time its principle. remains unchanged, i suggest you and i, pavel vladimirovich, take a short break and look at the literally fiery

story, my colleague decided to understand the nuances of using fire extinguishers and, under the strict guidance of rescuers, did this. a fire can occur in any office building. apartment or even in the country. to do this , you need to know how to use a fire extinguisher correctly. this is exactly what i have to do today in order to say for sure that this has been tested on myself. and we will extinguish something that, according to statistics, catches fire in apartment buildings quite often. we studied the operational report and concluded that one of the extinctions that may occur in multi-apartment residential buildings, this is a foreign matter in the electric brush. therefore, today the correspondent will have to sign a foreign document using a fire extinguisher. if you do not have the opportunity, like i do today, to work out

the rule for using a fire extinguisher not in theory, but in practice, you can read the laconic instruction, which describes all the stages of extinguishing, applied to the cylinder of the unit. the design of the non-extinguisher is quite simple, in fact we have a cylinder, we have a pressure gauge, there is a guide pipe, which is actually on the fireplace, and a lever, which in fact, we will press in order to release the fire extinguishing agent from the inside. our task is to remove the seal, well, we first removed it, so we took it out, yes, and pull out this ring so that our lever can work, then later we take hold of the lower handle, point the bell at the source of fire, press the upper handle in order to actually emit it, we try it, break the seal, direct the socket, press the top button, continue to extinguish until the last sparks go out. react and you need to act as quickly as possible, since carbon monoxide is released at lightning speed,

a minute is enough for poisoning to occur. today i used a powder fire extinguisher, by the way, one of the most popular, it is filled with a finely dispersed composition, mainly consisting of mineral salts. this fire extinguisher is quite lightweight, it is convenient to use for extinguishing local fires , for example, a car engine or... a fireplace in a house. the next most popular fire extinguisher is carbon dioxide, it can already extinguish larger fires and objects under high voltage up to 1.00 v; it is filled with carbon dioxide, which is under high pressure, so the device itself is heavier, since the walls are thicker. it is better to have a larger volume, this applies not only to motorists, but in principle we recommend having a fire extinguisher at home, because in any incomprehensible situation there will be a fire, for example, an electrical appliance, or someone at home, for example, was working openly. for example, children, so all these situations can be eliminated as quickly as possible using these fire extinguishers. the cost of a fire extinguisher

starts from 40 rubles. the price will depend on its volume, but in any case, rescuers advise that it is better not to skimp on such things, especially if the area of ​​your home is large, and if there are children growing up in your house. you look at the science project nearby and here’s what else awaits. ahead: just one element, minus many problems, which requires a new development by engineers from the research institute of the ministry of emergency situations. rescue equipment and fire equipment are made in belarus and are in demand abroad. and 10 times less, how forest fires were minimized in the program’s report very soon. we tell you how to choose

quality products for healthy dishes. pay attention to the coloring. each type of vegetable has its own color; if it is darker or brighter than usual, then it may contain a large amount of nitrates. be sure to ask where the garlic grew; it is best to take the one that grew in a hot climate. proper breakfast. health and good mood. yes, today we will make a healthy version of pizza that you can eat. everyone without exception. turkey is considered to be one of the most nutritionally good meats we can eat. use in our diet, we do not forget about invigorating exercises, we pay attention to the position of our lower back, we try, when we squat, to focus on our heels in order to make maximum use of our buttocks, we gently roll our shoulders back, make a full circle, feel how our shoulder blades are collected, shaken off and vigorous and cheerful we go to a new

day, watch the breakfast of the champion project on the belarus 20 tv channel. if you have just joined us, i’ll tell you that this is a science project nearby, today we are disassembling fire extinguishers in scientific parts, at the same time all the latest developments of our scientists in the field of fire extinguishing. sweep in our studio.

let's say development, the barrel is actually the tool that is directly used to create a compact or sprayed jet for delivery in the face of a fire. barrels are always used everywhere, they can differ only in design, they can be overlapping or not overlapping, they can there may be combined barrels, the barrels can be for supplying water, foam and any fire extinguishing agents. in our case, we are saying that our development is a combined universal barrel that allows you to form. both a compact and a spray jet, and when using a special nozzle, it allows you to supply low-expansion foam in the face of a fire. unlike analogues used by foreign countries, our neighbors, our barrel has less weight and smaller dimensions, which allows generally increase its versatility and simplicity. what else do rescuers always take with them when traveling? a difficult

question indeed, because the modern fire situation is not... only and not so much a fire, it is a combination of various incidents, very often with increased mobility, and the number of cars in the country has greatly increased, very often fire rescuers leave for tools we give birth and cutters, various gas-powered tools that allow us to quickly remove the victim if this happens, again, if we we are talking about the elimination, say, of the consequences of some man-made disasters, be it destruction of building structures, then the rescuer again has in his arsenal... this is a whole range of tools that allows you to quickly open door or window openings, or any other building structures, clear the rubble, because as we said earlier, we have a trunk, yes, which must be given in the face of a fire, but it is not always possible in order to get to this particular source of fire, we need to first clear everything - there is some kind of

road, path in front of you. if we go further, a rescuer cannot be imagined at all without means of communication and means.

elements of equipment, well, in order, then we will talk, let’s say about firefighter combat clothing, currently firefighter combat clothing is recognized, in principle, it has a certificate of the eurasian economic union, it is recognized not only in our country, it is also recognized abroad, has a low mass compared to analogues, but at the same time does not worsen, and in some cases even surpasses its characteristics are similar, it allows you to protect the rescuer from elevated temperatures and from some mechanical loads. in general, it is such a universal, most universal element. if we talk about some other means of protection, then this is also a suit for emergency rescue operations, it is lighter compared to combat clothing, but at the same time. allows you to protect from short-term temperature influences, from sparks, drops of molten metal, it is used during liquidation road accidents,

debris removal, as i said earlier, then - in the same way, we are developing the entire line of life-saving safety shoes, we have developed a lightweight package of materials, which allows us to make a pair of shoes weighing less than a kilogram, while they also effectively protect... the foot is a lifesaver from elevated temperatures, from moisture, has a puncture-resistant insole, and if we say we are talking about shoes designed for extinguishing forest and peat fires, additional protection is installed against cutting edges of gas-powered tools, i also want to mention the rescuer’s helmet, it is 20% lighter compared to similar products, which, in addition to high shock loads , also allows you to protect against increased loads.

it’s really a pleasure to attend all the exhibitions that we present, they are of great interest and demand,

almost all of our automotive rescue equipment, when you said almost, it really became offensive, and i may have said that on purpose, because now productions of the country produce the entire line necessary equipment from light tanks and rapid response vehicles to heavy-duty vehicles that can easily transport up to 12 tons. water and if we talk, for example, even about new products that are not presented almost anywhere, this is the last national security exhibition, at which our manufacturers presented a ladder truck with a lifting height of 52 m. we know that construction in our country is not ongoing at all, in height, so this is the most promising model for implementation in our service, and of course the traditional question, but nevertheless i can’t help but ask, what’s next? are working now, then this is a fruitful development, this is the study of some foreign analogues, this is the introduction of these developments into the structure of our

ministry, we can say that progress does not stand still, and what is applicable today, in fact, in a few years it will will already be a little outdated, we are moving forward, ours, again, i say that the testing laboratory, in fact , is unique to some extent, we have created... such installations that do not exist there are no analogues in the cis countries, including, well , this is a thermal manikin complex that allows you to carry out tests with flame, thermal load and at the same time read indicators from more than 30 sensors located in various parts of the body, that is, when exposed to combat clothing there, rescuer boots , on the helmet, the temperature under the protective equipment should not exceed 36°, so we are developing...

some conditions close to extreme and naturally, after we have equipped our combat clothing with some kind of boots or helmets, we monitor namely comments, suggestions, if there is a comment regarding the design , promptly in the next delivery we will make these changes, the next delivery is absolutely one that will be acceptable for our rescuers, so we keep up with the times, so to speak, thank you very much, success, fiery ideas and, of course, dry sleeves. thank you. and we continue right now, we will tell and show.