■ monetary policy in the state of the u.s. economy before the house financial services committee. that's at 10 a. eastern. yo can also watch our live coverage on the or online at c-. >> friday nights watch c-span's 2024 campaign trail, a weekly round up a c-span's campaign coverage providing a one-stop shop to discover what the candidates across the country are saying to voters, along witd poll numbers, fundraising data and campaign ads. watch c-span's 202424 campaign trail friday nights at seven eastern on on c-span, onlinet c-span.org or download as a podcast on c-span now, our free et your podcast. c-span unfiltered view of

politics. >> up next north dakota governor doug burgum talking artificial intelligence and■+ technological innovation during the national governors association winter meeting in washington, d.c. prior to his remarks builder from pollster and communications strategist frank lund who discusses the need for depolarization and civility in american politics. naudibgle conversations]

recent settlement may have your attention. please take your seat. our program is about t begin. welcome to the second plenary session of national governo mee. now approaching the podium is the executive director of the national governors association bill mcbride. >> thank you. morning everyone. [applause] hope you're having a good mo a great evening. wasn't that session yesterday afternoon just wonderful? that was fantastic, wasn't it? people keep asking me all last night how are you going to top that? i don't know. that's a challenge, right? setting the bar real high. we will get there. anyway, we hope you really enjoyed it, but all of us in the room this morning are aware of emerging advances in artificial intelligence has presented to us

and quite array of challenges and and territories over the past year and governments are leading to develop policies to address rapidly evolving but we are pleased to data technology entrepreneur marc andreessen with us. he's going to delve into this issue further with north dakota, doug burgum and that's in the second part of a program this morning. but first i would like to welcome back to the state are chair, governor spencer cox, is going to introduce our first speaker, an old and dear friend of the national governors association, frank luntz. governor cox. pplause] >> thank you bill. to see that with assessment. thank you my fellow governors who are joining us, and i'm so excited for what we have on the gender this morning. morning. now before we introduce frank i do want to make, but each you know in front of you you have a copy of this magazine.

this is a full addition based on exactly what were talking about today, the state of disunion in there are some amazing articles by some of the best thinkers in the country today. i'm looking forward as well t the second part of the session with a good friend marc andreessen and talking about ai. look, we have this idea that the internet was problems and bringl closer together, and we saw how that turned out. some sure everything is going to go find with ai, but just some o talk about it. before we do that, as i mentioned yesterday, we have been talking about this disagree better initiative, at the polling trends show how important this is, and one that america is a more partisan than everwo, the two sides distrust each other more than ever. that lack of trust is incredibly dangerous.

yet as image and yesterday the data also show something important that is, that is helpful, this perception gap that exists between republicans and democrats. we are really not far apart as we think we are. and i just any public opinion trends and what's behind them is critical to solving this polarization crisis before it sp right person you today to talk to us about that. so you won't who use but i'm inr dr. frank luntz is a post incompetent and everyone in politics but particularly for the use of his response focus group technique which is been coveredng on 60 minutes "good morning america" and the front line. he's been service more than 2500 surveys focus group, as this and i'll session from other two dozen countries and six continents and fortune 500 company ceos and for many of you. but here's the thing most frank, by the way he brought his amazing cadets with him today.

they have the very best of the bascom were proud to have ys thu guys. [applause] so frank and i don't know each other well. we've been in the same room and meetings together but exactly two months ago he called me after seeing jared polis and i governor polis and i on face the nation and told me that he did know about our disagree better initiative but that he believes is one of the most important things happen in america right now. he volunteered his own time, his own money to do one of its language of surveys up us understand how to better talk about depolarization and civility. we are so excited to her from frank. we're going to finish this portion and about a half hour and then will move onto the second one but ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming frank luntz. [applause] >> i'm glad you took that

photograph. i weight 131 pounds on that day. what a great way to start,, reminding me that i've gotten fat. governor polis, , governor cox, i'm so grateful to be here. i realize that it's kind of rare for me to be in the space right now. and i do also not want to come come come to recognize, want to recognize president glenn youngkin who sitting right there. there. i thought we would get get a better laugh. [laughing] from now, now i've acknowledged on fat and i told the bad joke. what a great way to get this go. i've never had a a more import presentation in my life, and i'm scared and i'm right now. i've had some of the most awesome clients in my 35 years of doing this. i've been able to present to house members, senators, even to president of the united states. nothing is as important as what i do now. and if you haven't realize

what's going on at out there, democracy is failing. we have forgotten how to talk to each other. we've forgotten how tis forgotte each other. and i watch this as a pollster and it just gives me a big fat headache. because we're so angry and we accuse each other. and there's one other gentlemen i want to do before i data, andm shriver. wonderful fam amazing service to the country. but tennis dedicated his life first to special olympics and now toñí this special thing we call the united states of america ten, i would not be here if you're not help me out, so tim shriver. [applause] this is not a presentation.

this is a conversation, so don't wait for me. and by the way, governor scott, i have to warn you, you're going to see results onscreen. of all the peoe this effort, and there have been 16, 17 governors, we tested them all, no message did better than ee in a few minutes. i know this about horrible. i have my back to the chairman, which is why my better side, and he only came in third. that's why you can trust it because most people would say the person in charge was the best speaker, the best communicator. he's actually third-best. but here's the good news for you. you beat your wife by one position. >> i don't think that is good news for me, frank. [laughing] >> well, you haveoour way back . so the language of respect, and want you to see this because

even in putting together this presentation, it was so hard because i was getting so agitated, so angry as i was reading the data. as bad as it is for people in this room, the worst generation, the generation most likely to angry, , to be dismissive, to cancel people is not your generation. it is your kids. and t problem. and that's why i'm so glad to the west point cadets here, whay where there is no cancel culture. there is one university that still treats each other with respect. there was one university that believes in courage, character, sacrifice and service, if that's the cadets from west point over [applause] so governor polis got good news

for you. i've never gotten any mail from a focus group in my life, other than to yell at me. this was very special. the more that they learn about this initiative, the more positive they got, , the more hopefully got. we have a high degree of peopl who believe that this country is headed in the wrong direction than ever before. we have a high degree people who believe that this is a most dis- before. and most importantly since you all believe in the american dream, we have for parents who worst life than they did than ever before. and so much of that is tied to politics. now here's the good news. the more vocal you get to them, the close of the government gets, the more faith they have an effect it is met with republican independent democrat. this place that you're meeting in right now has failed them, butou haven't.

my favorite sli, and te a picture ofhis, governors come in first. in your ability to relate to people. they have moreth, trust, and confidence in goverrshan any other position. it's close but you are number one. this is what's really cool about . republicans choose governors more than anyone else. democrats cose their president. but when you then ask him most favorable, it's working. you are working. you are succeeding over all in the way that congress is not, and other forms of government is not, so it's very■" impressive. and as you can see the older that you get, the more favorable you are. so this is the good news. now, most from here. so if you scare easy, i suggest this is a part where you escape,

becaus o bad. three out of four americans say they are mad as hell. i've been tracking this since 1992. 1992. this is the line from the movie network, thank you very much. don't do that again. [laughing] back in 1992, i'm not going to be heckled by a lobbyist. [laughing] the only profession that has lower credibility in america is a pollster. and that's because we do the polls. mad as hell means you can't negotiate. mad as hell means you are not losing. madison out thisboh 32% are made have a problem. and by the way i encourage you if you have a question or comment jumping as i go through this. it gs even worse. this is the polling data that i care most about. because this is a nightmare.

you ask people, are younvested in your country? and twthirds a yes, which is not a great number. ask them to use your country is invested in you? and only a thi say yes. when you think about the consequences of that, when they think that the country doesn't care about them, doesn't believe in them, doesn't try to lift them up.■zfits. this is not about welfare or education. their government, that the country doesn't care. and when i saw these numbers i had to stop. i got up and startedv. walking around. because all he i could thinks oh, my god, it really is this bad. he government to forget this number. i hope you take photographs of it. because if your state if your

people believe that only a4n■ td are invested in them, that's not a crisis. that's actual failure. so you can see some numbers, 70% of our democracy is under threat. almost two-thirds believe there's more that divides us than unites us. and half believe there could be violence in 2024. if i could get on my knees and he knew i could get back up again, i would save you how important this is. i've done 2000 surveys in my life. i've done groups, you've probably seen them on tv. i've never been more frightened in my life and i can't see how to present is to show my respect for you and to basically beg you that you are the answer. we know what the problem is, enjoy the answer. let me show you how worse, how much worse it has actually gotten. half of americans will not state the point of view because they are afraid of being punished.

not just look down uponut actually punished. and more than a third path that this hapne multiple times, look at below that number. two-thdsf young people have opd using their freedom of speech. that's a failure. do you realize how awful our universities are right now? i'm looking around and i know ■6it's going on in pennsylvania, the universe of pennsylvania, up at harvard, stanford, schools across the country. the kids are afraid. and it seems like nothing is happening. it seems like no one is protecting them. this is a number that shows you have that it's got it's not just been. one-thirfsk you guys, there's no cameras back there. i'm going to ask you, how many of you, the honest with me now, how many of you stop talking to

someone because you found their politics offensive? raise your hands. i appreciate the honesty. look at that number. it's awful. and it's happening in our own families. % of the public stop talking to a parent, and mother, a child. i don't want to use bad language because you're from utah. [laughing] i need help. can a governor to whats a better phrase forhi show that will not turn them off? [laughing] >> rank, we call those farm words. [laughing] >> okay. i do the jokes here. [laughing] so let's get to numbers, 83% is a country mortified that inifet. if you see the numbers below, on

age, among those 555 and older who remember the cities burning in the 1960 can remember the protests on vietnam. 92% say people over age 65 say it's more divided than ever evie have to resolve this, i don't know what is. some want to start to do language with you, and i welcome want to. the two words that matter most, divided and toxic. i want you to note that partisan is almost at the bottom. this is no longer about politics. this is now about life itself. disagree with how you live. i disagree with how you look. i disagree with what you say. i hate you for being different. that's what this -- gets a republican or democrat. it's not liberal, conservative. it's the we are as people.

and by the with the most powerful word of all is that we are dehumanizing people. i know you've had this fight in colorado. you probably had in most states. so here's my phrase for you and, in fact, i hope the governors of the purchase of it in this will deliver a message, will give this a try. our country crossroads. they see this intersection right now. we have to do something for things get worse. too much distance between friends, neighbors, coworand evl of us around us reject the status quo, we must begin by listening and i was shocked at how powerful listening has become, but it's not listening. it's understanding. and asked the people who sit in the back over there who have interest in putting pressure on the people in the front of this room, understanding is what americans are seeking. they will not yell if they think

you understand them. so we asked them the question that this initiative. 8% are hostile. 65% are supportive. you can't get safety 5% initiative anymore. and only 8% are negative. either way, look at the parties. among democrats only 3% have a negative reaction. among rublicans 12%. and now i about to get myself done in. so i wil talk to the here because you're going to hate me an y are going to hate me, and you're goingo hate me. oh, god. this is not a bipartisan problem. there are plenty of people on th who yell and are disrespectful, but the people and shout, more the people who

from the right than from the left. the people who are disruptive and hostile are more likely than to be republican than the art■ democrat. i don't know how to handle this because i don't want to shoot myself. but i can't stay qui a asked thn this room to search your souls and to recognize that the levele within to many in the gop has gone overboard. and some of you know this from their legislatures. some of you know this from your actist not getting democrats a pass. baking the republican to stand up and speak out and say enough is enough -- begging -- please. what's the biggest problem?

it's not the soft stuff. it's about results. they believe things are not getting done. and i will say to you that the number one priority for your voters, and meaningful, measurable track record of success, and results. that's the phrase the looking for.king reelection right now. that's the phrase the want from you more tha anything else. i meaningful, measurable track record of success. and the problem is they don't see it when this anger cause a stuff not to happen in the best example of that isheon right here in washington. the public has said fix the border. three months ago we had an agreement. and now we don't because of politics. that's what the public hates so much. so let's do language. i will stop.

has any governor got any question? am i dead to you? [laughing] i keep waiting for some to step up behind me and just pop me. you guys have to save me over here. it's why you're sitting in the so here's the language behind it. here's your phrase. everything in this works, i'm not going to take it it. imagine it's the most powerful word in the english language. if you ask people to imagine democracy at its best, they would support this■/ initiative five to one, six to one. a united united states is going to be taken by three or four of you who realize what a powerful statement that is, to reunite the united states of america is. you'll see that in a moment. it's not just about listening. it's listening with an open mind. that phrase really does matter. the fact that you have made up

your mind, the fact that you're stening. i want to understand when you us that language, i want to understand, explain it. a geisha the right oppose pick a geisha the right, right to disagree. the fact that you're trying to understand allows you to say no, we have a different point of view. that's how you disagree better. a couple more from up here. it's fact-based, not evidence-based. how many of you in this room are lawyers, raise your hand. if you're a lawyer rse [laughing] by the way the guy who last the loudest is the biggest lawyer in the room. it■x you protest. there's evidence for the prosecution. there' defense. we argue over evidence, but we don't argue over fact. you take up backbench approach to anying, the public is much more likely to trust you and

follow you. and if there's any of the phrase that doesn't work nearly as well. the last phrase, healthy, honest, respectful conversations and discussions, that is the sentence, governor, but everything else i should lea ale that we need a healthy environment, we need a healthy schoolhe tied the people lying to us. respect the because that's the highest value. conversations and discussions, that's the best price possible for this. in terms of the want you to stop saying something, it's not on empathy. it's not about empathy and is not even about listening. it is about understanding. it's not about consensus. it is about common ground and partisan and polarized doesn't actually matterd9 to people divided and toxic does. one other set. cooperation and compromise is good. but listening with an open mind allows you to disagree better.

i urging you because i've been to your website as i put together the survey. take a look at what works and take a look at what doesn't. a couple more of these. look at that dehumanizing. that's your challenge. that's actually what this is all about in the end is we can't dehumanize each other anymore. you talk index. brilliant. ten, the whole process getting people to think about how they can committed, not only brilliant, it's getting a better discourse. the reason why is we have to stop dehumanizing each other. another example. i told you about united united states america get everything up telling you has been tested. on the budget should the focus groups in one minute. this is not my point of view. this is what the public says. this is your phrase, you have 3 seconds. for those who think it's

important that will reach across the outcome to build to talk to democrats and republicans at the same time, this is how to do it. these words work no matter how left you are, them on how right you are, young, old, new enand, cal matter. ways to work together side-by-side is visual in your communication. the other thing is you're looking for perspectives and points of views rather than values or opinions or beliefs, a perspective and what if you is what the public wants to know from you. and i think this one is really important. it is about civility and is even about kindness. it is not respect and open-mindedness. so let me go to the i'm going to show you a couple of ads your governor scott this when you yoe going to blue line of democratsn

the red like red like the s come the yellow line is into bits. the higher the lines climb the more favorable response. we talk all of your messages, 16 of them, and these are the ones that did best and i will show you why. ♪ ♪ ♪ when you face a disagreement you can bring your points.

never too late to be kind. >> why was at message so powerful to you spoke with the term disagree better resonate with me because it is something that is so want to stay in a perpetual state of outrage as if they enjoy being there. always angry a with somebody. and that message in that ad shows that it's okay to listen, it's okay to say hey, we can agree to disagree. we can still go have a drink. we can still be friends. i think about when ronald reagan wa president and speaker was tip o'neill. they got along and things got done. that doesn't happen anymore. >> why was at message off the charts for >> empathy. i think the country could use a big dose of empathy. and tha describing, was just having more

compassion for other peoples points of views. i don't understand why we can't disagree. there's nothing wrong with disagreeing with your neighbor. my next-door neighbors are the most wonderful people and have the exact opposite viewpoints of me. >> rather than empathy, it's understanding. i want to give you a challenge. i can elect anyone if you. i can reelect anyone if you and you can give no negative pledge and i know how to dot. i know that there's no way you're going to say yes, because you are all used to negative as i consoled to tell you you have to tear down your opponent. you don't have to path. let me show you another example eally great comes of negativity set to take a breath, take a pause, can have the responsible of ourselves to be better listeners and say okay, an attitude necessarily agree with us of the present let's respect each other as individuals make sure they have

a point of view voice. who knows why they had that opinion. t' hear it. >> daniel, please go ahead. >> i just think part of being a great leader and a great communicator one of the most important things is being a great listener. and i think anybody is a busy yelling their point of view that nobody is listening to what everybody has to say. that's one of the things that's trying to bring us together is the foundation of the station was based on this agreement of the stuff in well with disagreeing but we have to come to some kind of agreent will be can both get some kind of think we bought. >> why was it so powerful to you? >> it was so powerful to me because i have to have surgery to have a tumor removed from my neck. i lost my voice for a couple of months. and when that happens, you are■o forced to listen. and i've tried to talk to other people about you can't, you can you are always forming an argument or replying to some before the finish

speaking. out of respect. >> that's beautiful, we appreciate your participation and i particularly appreciate the sacrifice you're making to be here. >> and event someone struggle in a focus group. he was really hurting and i kept offering, i said i will pay you, i will pay you double. he didn't want to go. he wanted to sit and give his points of view because it matter to him that much that he struggled in how he spoke. i've never had these responses before. when i sayos a more important to me than any other presentation, it's because they told me this is more important than anything they've ever done. and they didn't care whether they were republican or democrat perkins act the next person who speaks that was why they like him so much. they couldn't tell whether he was republican or democrat and they appreciated that.

>> hi. i'm spencer cox, governor of utah and chairman of the national governors association. you and i probably disagree on a few things. and t us but it's way too easy to let our differences become toxic. deeply divided. most americans are tired of the division. disagreeing better, not disagreement last, is the answer. engage in healthy, honest dialogue, we avoid demonizing others and we are more likely to find solutions. >> why was the spencer cox at so favorable to you? >> it was favorable because i felt like it was very engaging, almost like he had a resting spot, a sense of optimism. and i did know who he was. so for me he was a blank slate. he could've been a republican, a, and independent.

i didn't know i do like the fact i didn't know what his party affiliation was. >> why was it so positive for you? >> i just feel like particularly like i'm from nashville and it's kind of a blue seed in a state of writ. everyone used to get along very well at functions and i like city versus state, it's gotten so people can't even talk. and so to be able to discuss things that are important to our city nudges a country not be able to talk, i would like to see more of that. >> what's great about this focus group is at so many of you, the represent your voters, your constituents. one more video to showou. i wish your wife with your to see this because she came up with an amazing line that is >> we have to make a change. we can't continue down this path. we don't want to lead a hopeless and sad and divided world for our children.

and i think it's incumbent upon all of us to work together to solve these divides and solve these problems, come together to make that happen because we owe it to the next generation to leave this place better than we found it. >> the leave this place than we found it, was one of the most powerful statements of everything that you looked at in terms of your reaction. can he get a few of you to explain why that phrase matters so much to■ anybody. >> yeah, i feel like her overall message reminds us of our own community, that we are human, that a■■ the end of the any politicians goal is to improve our lives as humans. we focus on that central message regardless of the approach that we can come whether we republican or democrat, independent pickup into the date the goal is to make life better for humans. that's what she kind of underscored. >> okay. i don't know, does this have anf

questions. i've got five minutes to answer them. i'm hoping i get through. hurt.t know if my delivery but i know how important this is. i'm hoping that you take this seriously because i i people y focus group w crying as we went through this process and i've never had that happen before. i've had yelling and screaming. but it's been on that. it's now cheers for a country that they feel like they have lost and they feel like they've lost it for their own children and for the next generation. and that will cause a parent to cry. can answer anything from the governors? [applause] okay. i think i have failed. anything from anybody?governor. >> first of all i want to welcome from a home state our

cadets at west point, really yor short already a at a young ag. frank, this is inspiring. i would love to live in the world we don't have to worry about [laughing] it's like every time i could new ab are misrepresenting our character, york i just intellectually i get mugged by our votes, our positions, our new yorkers. who here is some new york? values. how do you■f run positive to i'm going to kick your ass. counter that when people are more likely to believe the [laughing] completely uncalled for. negative about politicians? do you ever envision a world but everyone listening to the is been son all be victorious conversation, will listen to you and will reject your critics. ingrained in our democracy, which is point out the flaws of i'm not trying to win over my our opponents in in a vy opponents. and trying to the decision who t first is that word imagineer i us, that's why say to you it don't if i can go backwards, but actually is possible to disagrea i will supply the complete powerpoint. th is a selon information. emotionally and passionately, that word imagineer as people in and win the argument. your case in your ask people to imagine a state, the system. because those three steps. anything else i can answer? what could we be? what could we achieve? what could be accomplished when we're all working together >> frank, i'm just curious, does

that general discontent, it's pr side-by-side mode up our sleeves fo to get it done? they actually see it. you ask him to imagine it, they will want it. that's step number one. or lower voter participation? step number two is can we do just to get your feel f that. better than this? and then another comet is, is it's for the incumbent to opposed -- another comment -- actually say rather than tearing each other down, rather than tearinetter approach. americans don't want more. just general you know, general don't get confused by advertising that you see in the reputation of the whole commercials and all that. political process? how do you see that? we don't want more. that's quantity. we want better. >> it has increased turnout that's quality. because people think their entire lives are at stake. young people vote because they and if you are promoting a better approach, a are voting on issues of abortion decision-making process, that takes you two-thirds of the w■7y and guns. older people vote because they there. but then the third part which is are voting on the issue of what we don't do is we never say character and work ethic. i understand. everyone participates they we never say i did it. participate in such a negative so i know you got republicans in way that to me turnout is not your statement to the hard time. the judge of whether this is working. instead of dismissing them,

it's the public reaction to what is being done.■ disagree better requires you to say i understand. i don't agree but i understand. 80% hate congress. the majority of americans now let's see where we can go from here. dislike both our presidentia it is, and is that empathy and 70% don't want either of them. is not compassion, and it's not and yet that's what they think kind to is. they are getting. when you recognize them that way, they not treat you any the opposite of love isn't hate. it's indifference. better, and the public vote, i and my fear is that people know new york. actually say the hell with it [laughing] all, i don't care anymore. and my greatest fear of all is that they convinced their kids to feel the same way. when young peopleto when you know you've lost your democracy. and your second question was? >> it was basically whether this -- you kind entered it right now. whether this is against incumbents. >> it's the whole it's the lobbyists, the special interest groups, it's the media. it's, it's all of it.

we are supposed to be the greatest country on the face of the earth, and you know many of you believe that. the problem is there are increasing number of americans who don't and i and concern. by the way, i know marc andreessen is coming in momentarily. the greatest threat is ai. the greatest threat, might not know everything up, is social media. are you going to kill me? [laughing] >> ai's time has,. [laughing] >> yes. i look forward to to in runng th place because it's funny as hell. >> but you were supposed to protect me. everyone, thank you very much for listening. i appreciate it very much. thank you. [applause] >> the slideshows available to governors and that will be

delivered privately directly to governors. >> yes. thank you very much. >> i hope the ai presentation is more upbeat because aren't we all depressed right now? but i think with frank's words would use a glimmer of hope,>ñ language that i know we feel, i feel, spencer feels now with the analytical piece going the best way to express some of those concepts. i certainly photographed some of those languagend i know that they can that will be available to people soon but let's give frank luntz another round of applause. [applause] >> for the next part of the session will focus on another and that's the field of artificial intelligence. it's having a profound impact on our world, the workplace are

lies, of with the great opportunities of ai also, many great challenges. we have no doubt we of the verys topic. i i want to introduce our moderator first is one of our great governors with tremendous background in i.t. and computing are moderately north dakota governor doug burgum. many of you know him as a presidential candidate. welcome may be a few of you known as a presidential candidate. [laughing] but we'll known as a as a terrific beating governor with a strong background in i.t. before the election in 2016 he helped launch great plains software, launch it from a small startup company in 1983 to an award-winning tech firm that was acquired by microsoft in 2001. he will be moderating the conversation with software pioneer marc andreessen come the brilliant mind behind netscape,.

today marc will dive into fasten world of artificial intelligence. his take ai isn't just sci-fi, it's a reality and is here to supercharge our lives. actually a i wrote that the kite by staff right one but it went on to chatgpt and say how should i introduce marc andreessen to the group of governors? its console serving as how comes back, its first mistake was a one would you say that ai, marc andreessen believes that a our . but that was coming from ai so it's a little suspect. but nevertheless, we could not have a more thoughtful leader in this area to help make sure that we as governors are up to speed with what we should know them both from the state services perspective but also from the broader cultural, political, economic perspective. without further ado please join me in welcoming governor doug burgum and marc andreessen.

[applause] ♪ ♪ ♪■ >> well, on behalf of the national governors association, marc, i want to say thank you for spending time with us today. thank you, for the wonderful introduction. people don't know, i am doug burgum, based on -- [laughing] based on that intro. this is marc. we are going to have a lively discussion today, this'll be fun. up in technology, this is like getting a chance to sit down with one of your superheroes, someone who truly transformed i mean there are very few people of build as many copies, create as much shareholder value and to

build products that have literally been used by b and sol honor, particularly at this time when ai is touching every one of the jobs that each of these governors is but kick it off. we know where the ending is, this incredible think the let's go back to the beginning. new lisbon■g wisconsin a tell about 1700 people is where you started. i know when you are going up the offset your classmates and that's the guy that's going to change the world. tell us a little about that. >> personal and was not that big. 1309. population 1309, not including the cows. although that's an open question is whether they to those in there. so world wisconsin, public-school. agriculture farming, commuted. and by the way the portugues insight. nobody ever did find out how the town got its name.

>> on a delight it was named >> there we go.io, we couldn't -- named for.t know what lisbon could've been named after lisbon north dakota. >> exactly. >> was a computer in your high school when you're going up? while. this is right on the cusp of the pc revolution. we■r were not seen it yet. we started getting computers in high school we end up with a small computer lab and that kind of got, waited the appetite. in those days that were very expensive, 200, 300 of home computers and you put them up to your tv set and recorded programs cassette player and maybe they would load the next time you put the cassette in. >> did you have a radioshack. i. radioshack and great american enterprise radioshack. the trs 80 was the model name, called the trash 80, and

fantastic you can buy refurbished versions of those on ebay. they are fun to play with. >> did you have a were you -- i know later in your curricular teaching the teachers, back in new lisbon was a salute to encourage you to get in the computer that the first and? >> we had a young teacher came in, and newly minted teacher come ms. blackstone and she came in and was a whiz and super into the stuff. >> and then did you have a career counselor that said hey, here's the college you should go to and is a thing called computer science? how does that all people where you ended up at a state university? >> where i grew up people didn't leave the town. it was sort of assume. if you were going to try to venture out to go tosity of wisy well-developed system appetite. usually one of the smaller campuses. i grew up about in north and

north of medicine.o madison was not part of wisconsin, like madison was called crazy. you don't go there. of course the top campus look at the neighboring statesook at minnesota come almost went to minnesota and look at illinois. the literally have particularly strong technology and engineering program. i literally, i always liked computers my career planning process will literally lined the u.s. news and world report magazine thatere was a box at tt had starting salaries by bachelor degrees. a new it was only a bachelor what is out there. i wanted to get to work. starting salary, and electrical entry was at the top of the list. $40,000 startg or something. i said okay that's it. in a country illinois and a realized i do not want to deal with wires or circuit boards at

allík and switched to computers and was very happy after that. >> while you were there, that's the work that led to mosaic. washat pure accident or was the other classmates were working with you that decided they wanted to go to party instead of becoming a billion or? how did the whole thing happen when you're working on that early project? and did you see the potential o? and how was, again, the kid from new lisbon the one who saw the potential? >> i got very lucky. i went to university illinois urbana-champaign at a critical time. i knew this but didn't understand the forms impot until i got therend which is the was a federal government program at the time called, well one was national science foundation, , basically internet, sort of the creation of the modern internet find it in the '80s and '90s.

something of a a national percomputer program where the federal government funded four national commuting centers at state universities. basically just picked, the governme picked four colleges basically unlike dumped money on the to build incredible computer labs, computer his great civic commuters the cost like $29 a pop. this is, there were so large, this wass, the computers were so physically large that you would build the building for the computer. we had one building on campus have been billed for supercputer a the sheerf the building got built in the computer got lowered by crane into the central core of the building. ..e

>> and so my big struggle after sort of being dropped in the middle of that. w we had high speed internet connection before anybody else did, all of these super computers and incredible labs and then we just-- and then they weird the campus so there was broadband all over the campus and everybody was on e-mail. it was like getting a glimpse the assumption was you would use these tools while at school or doing research and when you would graduate and leave and in the real world and stop using all of this stuff. so, a bunch of us actually got funded to basically build software to make it easier for people to use at school and in research, but also, we then made it available to everybody on the outside. so, yeah. >> and give the t so

people understand where this period was when were you flourishing in the bubble. 1989 to 1994. that, an amazing bubble, amazing experience. people here probable remember between '89 and wo other things were happening, severe recession and time forgot and people don't think about it, but it was a scarring experience at the time for the country. i remember it distinctly and it was a foreshadowing in a lot of ways, it led to ross perot, and people think that he could have won had thiçngsrts, media, ever believed, including, you know, i even bought into it, that basically was japan was fully f how to have the globally dominant technology and was going to■é dominate everything,

and that i went into college thinking i would have to speak japaneseortechnology. and the economic boom kicked in and japan stalled out. the japanese stock market last week just actually returned to the high that it hit in 1993. and so, it was believed it was going to take over the world and literally had a 30-year sag and you know, they're not still not out of it. they still have issues and only gotten back to the 1993 levels, but that narrative was so strong and incredibly demoralizing at the time. 30 years later, talking how similar not completely the same, but similar the china narrative has been over the last decade and i'm skeptical of the china narrative as the

et to that at the end. and japan has 800,000 more deaths than births every year, so in the next 20 years they're expected as a country to shrink by 16 million people and it's tough to grow an economy when-- and grow work force and all of those things when demographic t you've got more people retired out of the work force than you have coming into the work force. >> it's a huge p fiscal reasonsl number of young people can't pay for a large number of old people. it doesn't work and i think it's around the terms of national vitality. out of the japanese spirit at some point and i think that had a lot to do with it. and then look, you look at the u.s. like we're experiencing-- we're experiencing the native population of the u.s., in declines and china, china has hit a demographic cliff and shrinking and in 30■ going to

overwhelmingly senior citizens unless something changes. this is the profound problems of our time that is extremely hard to come to grips with. in a lot of ways the prosperity of-- people hit a certain level of income, they are more interested in living lives. >> and to be clear, i have an 8-year-old, i love it. i highly, highly, highly recommend having kids to be clr, strongly on that side of things. >> while we're on that your 8-year-old, jj, i understand he's got a new interest of e sc 8-year-old and my goal has been to have the ultimate warrior monk or warrior scholar and he does mixed martial arts three times a week which i love and super into math and computers and referring to, he's just

started quantum physics, so his science teacher the true■n■@ ti, how to explain quantum physics to your dog and jj thinks it's the most exciting thing he's seen. and so he's learning. he's going to win a t the mma competitions not sure which. >> or both. >> i think that governors have the first action item from the physics for your dog is required reading going forward. mosaic, you're working on a project. tell us the leap that led to netscape and sort of opened the internet to everyone. >> the challenge of the '90s, the governmen was funding the backbone.

business on the internet was illegal and nsf, public funding for the internet backbone, they had an acceptable use nice term for things you couldn't do. you couldn't do transactions, it wasn't allowed, couldn't problem of access, most people were not at the university of illinois and most were not on the campus to have access to this. and there was a group that was funded as part of this to make the internet more useful. and so, a bunch of us started this original renegade project mosaic and it was official and that was the first browser that a lot of people used and we built tools around that make the web work and then we reached a point, so-- mosaic started to take off in 1993 and the interne started to spread pan people figured out, home businesses started to connect and the government was on the verge of listing a up so you'd be able we passed a

million users in mosaic in the summer of '93 and it was starting to go and i was the customer support rep and so i was the guy reading the-- in between reading cody was-- writingcode, i was writing e-mails, and got some sleep at some point. and we applied for a the customer desk for the internet and they turned us town. by the way, they reasonably said, no, that's not the job of the national science foundation, to do customer support. you guys need to figure out something else. so i have that e-mail. >> i knew that people using this and we released a code under a sort of open source license that says you can use the code for anything you want as long as it's not commercial. if it's commercial you need to call us and get a special ap under the serious rules and we never really had-- never knew what we were going to do with it, we knew we had to say that and i have the e-mailbox of the incoming

commercial requests and people e-mailing, can i give you money for official licenses to do other things. when people were offering lightning-- i'm slow, but not that slow and aight bb off, there might be a business here. and a bunch of us moved to california and formed a cpany t business. we were-- big lesson. we were greeted with a wall of this is crazy, silly. everybody knows that the internet is not for business, and ordinary people are not going to use this, the crazy, b out people liked it, so-- >> well, and all of that shaped your thinking a l because of the people being so wrong about so many things, and now, you know, leaping forward, you had an incredibly succesul exit, 4.2 billion,

sold netscape to aol and then started a successful firm and hot startups touching all aspects with ai and served on the board of hewlett packard with 10 years and that's a name market caps are, ne look at brand names and not market caps, hewlett market cap and you're on the board of meta parent company of facebook, and four times that of hewlett packard. this is how fast it'sd of cours- i think it wasn't that long ago that no one thought they'd have a $1 trillion market cap compand now the dow and everything is driven by apple, google, microsoft, these multi-trillion dollar companies that are happening. so, you've seen so much change

in your lifetime. you've seep-- seen the personal computer, the internet y and the cell phone which exploded and now ai. over the arc of that, you have described yolf taken this amazing, wonderful, beautiful contrarian view about being optimistic about technology, wrote a manifest about being a techno optimist that's probably been one of the most widely read thought pieces that's come out of this industry in my lifetime. so maybe just share a little about the thesis and how you got there and-- because again, all of these events you've been able to witness firsthand have shaped your thinking. o several things, so, it's worth spending a moment on americans, the role of america in all of this. based in california started about 30 years ago, and one of the original vc's is still on the board.

the taiwanese-american in the company is still on the board. there was a company that later time, had a long road, 20-year journey of struggle. they did well, but a continuous fight to stay in business and and then you know, they really just caught in the last 10 years, their technology road map turned out to be prescient and thev) 3d graphic wave and a wave as a result of their hard work. and passed $2 trillion market caonmarket. that company now is a larger market cap than the entire public stock market of germany, right. so, one american company is he entire german industry. that's just one and we have several of those, now we have apple, i think i forget the e individual companies, you know, like one is bigger than the

market cap of germany, another is bigger than the market cap of france, another is bigger than the market cap of japan. it's remarkable happens when the companies run and look, america is just like putting these things-- the only two building companies to this level of scale is basically us and china. europe used to. if you looked at a ranked market cap listing of tech companies globally 30 years hig percentage of them and i think on the top 50 now, it's down to one. so europe has decided they just don't want this. you know, european bureaucrats, there's big story couple years ago, we basically can■q no be the world leader of technology and now we we'll be the world leaderen of

managing technology. >> and if-- sweden has a very dynamic and fertile entrepreneurship environment and it's part of the-- it's up against this wall of repression from the eu, just absolutely does not want this stuff to happen. and then as a consequence, of course, european economic growth is much lower and they have all kinds of internal problems as a result. i mean, as an example, it's hard to pay for a modern military if you don't have the growing economy and the tax base so they're in their own advice on that. the american success stories spectacular and of course, that's a huge credit to the people who built the companies and a huge credit to the system that we all have thknow, that this is possible. you know, techno operatetism, i identify as a techno optimist, 10 years, 20 would have been a noncontroversial statement, everybody would have said tech is wonderful and fantastic, and economic growth and fantastic. and y i would say very fashionable in the last decade in particular

to go dark and negative and the by the way, the two political sides, you know, kind of have different-- they both have negative views on tech, they're negative for different reasons, but they're both negative and of course, i would say look, like the fact is that tech has become central. tech has become so to how society functions of course, it's going to end up embroiled in politics and can look at the impact on society and to explain what we're doing and why it's good and frankly, largely failed to do that over the last couple of decades and so, you know, afaul know, the narrative has become very negative. i think it is worth though at least considering the positive de, which is what i try to layout in my essay. of course, the positive thing on technology is-- technology is the lever on the

world lets us escape from manual labor, misery and quality, and we aspire to from our family and descendents and the modern american lifle the benefit of 200 years of industrial revelation. so it's every day, the something is now five million people a day a connected to electric power grid globally, still. got that rate and it's everything, access to clean water. access to yder internet, access to job opportunities, access to education. technology is the lever that we use to make the world better. from an economic standpoint, tech is the central driver of economic growth, because tech is the driver of productivity growth and the most fundamental conomy works is, you can either year after year be putting in the same inputs and same outputs, in which case you don't grow because you just have hard constraints you don't

grow or apply technology and for less input and they call that productivity growth. we live in a time where everybody believe that tech disruption is high, but productivity growth is at historic lows and the economy is not changing fast. in fact, the economy since the introduction of the economy has productivity growth has been lower nan the three decades before the computer. which is bizarre reverse phenomenon from kind of what you would think. so, the sort of downward spiral that you can get into if you have low productivity growth, you have no economic-- low economic growth. if you don't have sense of future, a parent, young kids, young person coming up what am i going to do to make my life better, better than my parents, it doesn't exist because you have no growth. you're going to evolve to zero

sum politics, then it's dog-eat-dog, something taken from somebody else. the rise of populism on the left and right as a result of we're just not growing the way we should. stagnant and our economy is too stagnant and the only way to grow faster is to apply moree only way to get mort is with new information. we have all of these incredible new technologies that we can use, basically the global technology battle is down to us and china. there's no reason on earth we shouldn't be able to win that. no reason our economy shouldn't be able to grow enormously in the next 30 years, we have to n psychological state where it's an open question. >> i'm just going to interject ago without making-- may come across as a political

statement, but it's an economic statement you accurately said that growth comes from increases in there's another way you can fool yourself you think you have growth, if print money, and inject into the economy, a growth in product. d we could of this fiscal spending and bugetary spending to tricking people we've solved our economic problems, but you're the underline productivity gain. >> can i say one thing. one thing in my manifesto, whether people are on the left or right they should want economic growth. on the right, free market and opportunity and on the left, economic growth is what generates the tax base to pay want to increase social spending, the way to get it a faster growing economy and there for more tax revenue. this ought to be a bipartisan issue. by the way, many times in the past that this has been a

bipartisan issue. in the '90s, it was and everybody knew this right path and it's sitting there waiting for us to pick up. >> and let's take this a bridge an ai. >> if you think aut the big gains of productivity, you think about america and 200 year growth path that's taken us to the largest economy in the world and now producing these at-scale global companies, but some of in began with the industrial revolution, the agricultural revolution. i mean, i look at what we've done-- in agriculture we're producing with the same inputs versus outputs hav in the last century in terms of labor and the percentage of people that work in agriculture in this country has gone from 20% down to like 1%. i mean, it's huge gains that have happened. are we at the cusp of another major rel different by ai. in your and our lifetime, every company has been transformed by

technology. now something more powerful, adopted at aas phones, internet personal computers. is the ai revelation going to open a window for productivity a way, we keep having this slower growth than we should be achieving? >> yeah, so we really ought to have boom and growth boom coming out of ai and hopefully i'll spend a fair that. of time talking about it ought to happen. everybody in my world thinks the next few decades could be extraordinary. i think the back drop i provide to it is what you describ is like the shifting space of companies in our world and again, this has been a historic strength of the american system. at least in tech industry historically. if it's on the and new and embracing new trends, it

tends to grow fast and creating jobs. if it falls behind, down it goes. that leads to dramatic headlines, once great companies that■ñ f times or layoffs and bankruptcy and those are bad in the moment. one of the reason our syste wel incredible companies because both labor and capital do reallocate to the new opportunities. they don't get stuck in companies in the pass which have basically governor monopoly and stagnant forever. both the people and money migrates to the new companies. we have the marvellous system-- capitolism works best in the u.s. certainly the best out of the countries. and sencumbent companies are not going to be able to keep up with this, but we will have other world companies that

form and do this. you know, ai itself, i think the reason to be optimistic about the downstream consequences is basically, it's a-- the way to think about it,■r■g a -- in one way, it's the latest after series of ways of new technology that we've seen play out and you've mentioned main frame, mobi, cloud fast, we've had all of these ways of technology the last 30 years that powered a lot of the american economy and technology. ai is another one of those so it's embraced by silicon valley as the 6th, 7th, 8th, big platfo in the last few decades so we'll try to transform the industry. beyond that, it's potentially■ broadening out the usefulness of the computer and everybody has had this experience and the one thing to know about computers, they're really not good at dealing with people.

traditional computers. the classic thing, you tell the computer what to do and it's your fault, you didn't tell is the right thing, didn't press the right buttons or enter the computer code the right way. the computers until now have been hyper literal machines and the good news is they can do math at high speeds, but you certainly can't talk to them, right, and look, great companies tried to solve this problem, you know, with things like alexa and siri the last decade and how people use alexa and siri, you can talk to it a little bit and not that much and confused very easily. what we just got to worklast fe kind of computer, ai, that basically is able to deal with human beings in a way that human beings are much more comfortable with. use these products, but i can talk to them in english, it speaks to me in english. and by the way, i can talk in a different language and chat gpt

are trained on english, but by default know the other languages and they're trained on the internet and there's lots of consent on every language in on the teood at voices so the voices and voice recognition is getting good so computers in the future physically talk to, my 8-year-old has afrom a start-up called rock and it's a little stuffed animal with a little voice box and wi-fi radion it and lets him talk, it lets him talk verbally to basically chat gpt on the back end and the musician saying, it's a cute teddy bear. as a parent you can find the prompt and define how it's goin to pact and give it a personality or it's allowed to talk about certain things and not other things so i literally him about the quantum physics

and now it can talk to him about. >> he's eight and when chat gp tbegan, i set it up on his laptop and this is like introducing ai and he's going to have a tutor with him his entire life and answer every question and great for education and development and rolled it out. jj you type in a question and it will answer the question and no, this is like amazing, like the biggest breakthrough, and this is amazing. he says what else is a computer for if you can't ask it questions and have it answer the questions. duh, that got me a complete eye roll. and iidp told him i know mr. beast, which i do, the youtube star. that impressed him, but chat gpt not at all. you see the same thing with revolution of self-driving cars

which continues to move along and computers are getting good that computers are getting good at understanding the national environment. they're getting very good how to stay out of accidents, learning how to function among people. and so, we just-- we have the chance to have computers much more naturalistic and fit into our lives and the number of ways they can be used is going to expand dramatically. by the way, robots is next up, there's been a long awaited dream. you watched science fiction shows, humans and robots packing your suitcase and making coffee all of these things. we've never been remotely close to get that wor i think in the next decade the opportunity is here. it's if from a quality of life standpoint i think are great and these industries ought to be gigantic, the level of job creation and growth ought to be

cosmic if besides that's wha lef governors for a minute. and tick through quickly. if we talk about governors in north dakota, four things to■: first one, all of your operating leaders that run government and apply technology to, faster, more efficient, more responsive to the citizens. so that's number one, which is just a pure automation play take 20% of the work happening in state government and automate it and it goes away, don't need people to do that. off got done with the legislative session, after we met last spring, two days on ai. we didn't get the fte's we wanted and the budget we wanted. great, here is the deal. each of you have got a now, an assistant which we found available that will sit alongside of each one of your current team members. it speaks 26 languages and can code. it's free, it doesn't need a

cube, works 24 hours a d vacati just need to teach you how to be able to use that, that assistant to be able to do that work and getting-- you know, run a thing where we've done a pilot program, we had people applied, to make an academy, they split into teams and silos of government and we picked eight pilots that we're driving, driving through on the stuff to take the ideas from the leaders how we can, from our extended leadership team about 160 leaders how can we start driving that automation play. that's table stakes to get started on that. and the next part of automation is augmenttation, how do we take it and take an existing job that's not going to go d ay, how do you make it more purposeful and all of us are competing for talent and we have to have meaningful purposeful jobs that people want to do not just rote things. and some governors are rolling

out regulations and we have a regulatory thing to think about, that's a piece there. something that's bigger all of us fund education and health care, the biggest parts ofour budget. every industry is going to get blown up by ai. health care is going to get completely blown up by the whole legal system by ai and education is, now as your 8-year-old yawned in discovery, but now we have discovery, anyplace, anytime, anywhere, you can get the information back from that and that we know that's been coming, but now that's here. how is it going to affect the private sector industries that we all fund and then the last thing is, is you know, which we touched on a little bit global each of us are always competing with each other with jobs, talent, capital to come to our state, but part of the competition, who is going to be ab framework, the education system producing the work force, the human capital that actually understands this. those are kind of four things

that we've thought about that wehie need to think about as governors, but what advice would you have for these governors as they step into the whole world of ai specifi touch all the aspects that they have to do. >> maybe we could touch these one at a time. so, yeah, yeah, so course, like the customer service, there's a lot of-- turns out very, very funny. it turnsalways-- all the science fiction authors thought robots would figure it out first,g your toilet, making your coffee. those are hard problems and we haven't solved that. but robots are really good at answering e-mails, right, and we also have robots good at writing e-mails and anybody in a job in a white collar setting and looking at the e-mailbox and a depressing feeling to process through this. we have a different kind of tool and a lot of companies

that are working on this right now, but a different kind of tool basically processing through white collar work. as you said there, the dream on this ought to be that the jobs, th the assistant on these things and i actually think the term ai, people you referred to artificial think as augmented intelligence, basically the turbo boost for the, especially the human white collar worker so, yeah, the ability to either augment the worker, more leverage to pros is you through insurance claims to applications to complaints, whatever. i think the private sector is going to hit this hard and that's already started and so there's for sure ane should we should we do next? >> skip regulatory and leave that to the end and talk about the health care and education and that disruption happening there. >> on education, so, thumbnail sketch. every student from here on out

ought to have an ai teacher, helper that knows them and is able to answer questions and meet them at their level for any topic they're studyi, math, english, anything else and by the way, similarly every person ought to have an ai doctor on call 24/7 endlessly patient and tolerant and know everything about your medical treatment and coaching you on life style issues. and the lawyer, every person ought to have an ai lawyer on tap for everything they struggle it and how they deal with the ger they deal with big companies and put people toe to toe when you're on the phone with united or something trying to get a&d refund you've got an ai lawyer with you helping you do it. so, you know, those are the kind of major, i think, quality of life things that are spend a moment on education because this is actually a very kind of profound kind of thing inside education. so, you know, there's education

reform movements forever, especially the last 40, 50 years a lot of us have been dissatisfied with the results out of the education system at various levels and the of fran philanthropists and reformers, teachers and administrators who tried to improve basically if y the entire history of that over the last 40, 50 years, the net result is basically nothing works, so money and results don't improve. they don't improve. and one of the big foundations that works on education dretroe nothing changed. a general level of depression in that world. so it turns outs one known way to systematically improve education outcomes and it's something very well-studied in the education research literature. the bloom effect. a guy bloom figured it out and sometimes called the two sigma effect which i'll describe.

it's a repeatable way-- >> it's called two sigma because taking students at 50th moving into the 99% and two standard deviations and works every time you apply it and do is and turns out outcome. turns out it's one-to-one tutoring. if you have a student and teacher, one-on-one, and a feedback loop where the student is, the zone of proximal development. the student -- you want this, the student needs to be dialed in and each new topic is hard enough to require challenge, but not so hard that the student can't do it. if the student is bright, they can go at a faster pace and if you don't have a challenge with a teacher of 30 has where you're dealing with the distribution of student and you're optimizing,■s aristocrat

education and royal education was always based on tutoring. alexander the great was tutored by aristotle. going to have aristotle and he took over the world. you have the amazing historics and then of course, but obvious question, if this works so well why don't we do it because it's i am possibly not affordable. there's no way you could go from a student-teacher ratio ou technology unless you have ai. we have the technology for the first time to give every student this kind of tutor ap i think the answer is some sort of blended thing where you have teachers and you have classroom and group activities for sure, but also the thing wherehe student and an ai tutor should be in a full relationship. by the way the ai tutor is not just working with the student, but with the parents, the

teacher to optimize the outcome for the students. we know that would work. we know that, we know specifally we know that wealthy families are going to do this. you know, there are companies doing this. it's becoming something, people in silicon valley are focused on and so there is the potential to reinvent the education system in a way that will move out dramatically. and so that's the kind of opportunity that we're sitting on. again, there's a choice question here whether we want that. and you know, everybody's going to say we want that at siri or practice, but that's what's sitting in front of us. >> i'm going to -- we'll go to questions from the governors and close out on the end regulation versus and national security how,z related. one thing on health care one thing with ai is a massive acceleration for prototyping forrug development. one the things that governors should think about if got pension funds, expanded

life span. and closing the defined benefit program. it's going to be hire at 25 to go into state government is going to live to be 100 because entire disease classes that we deal with t of dollars on will e gone by the time they're 70 or 80, those will be fixed and end up with a serious demographic issue just with longer life st going bankrupt on pension funds if they don't figure out how to get into contribution inthan defined benefits. and the-- >> and medical -- the thingt ai everybody has the experience you go to the doctor and you have like a 15 minute window and they spent the questions in file because they didn't have time to read it and the appointment is over. you go back a year. >> rich people have concierge

medical, they have a doctor that knows you to keep up and the remote experience is not like that. number two, existing health care is 100% reactive. by the time you show up in the doctor's office, you have diabetes, 10, 20 yeaounding pro doctor is trying to fix the thing that's wrong with you, instead of optimizing your health and more and more of our medical spending are geared toward downstream hit effects, obesity, depression, nutrition, smoking and alcohol and so forth. and so, again, you want to close your eyes and imagine everyone having an ai doctor 24/7 more than happy to worrying you, is able to help you coach you on the life style issues that lead to better health in the future and intervene early when there's a problem and again, working in concert with human doctors and in concert with professionals and hospitals, butmatic upgrade

basically to get what rich people have concierge medicine. it's right there. we know we can do this if we wantit. >> we've got some folks have indicated interest in questions. we'll go t governor glen jung youngkin. >> thank you, marc, thank you for your time and expertise with us. virginia, as we were talking about earlier today, has extraordinary rapid growth in technology marketing in the data industry and cyber security. so we as a state were watching washington go very slow on artificial intelligence and last year, undertook an effort very much governor like yours, and spent many months digging in deep, extensive research and came out with a very similar set of■objectives.

objectives really targeted how can we provide better service and embrace ai,ow can we incorporate artificial intelligence and advanced machine learning into our law enforcement capabilities. how can we embrace innovation and experimentation in education. we also added a whole side of citizen protection and data protection, where decisions need to stop and where human being needs to step in, how do we protect our children from advanced algorithms, predatory use of ai, and i was hoping you could comment a bit on that side, where there is clearly this unlimited opportunity that this technology presents, but also there are ccerns and risks and how do we balance that to make sure that we're not losing the arms race, but also■k protecting the people tht

we're charged to protect? >> yeah, so, start with, be super clear, every new technologies downsides and this goes to the invention of fire, harnessing of fire, to warm the village and scare off predators, and it can be used to burn down the other village and kill everybody. the shovel, hit s overthe head. the automobile, run them over. you talked through the history of technology, nuclear, the moe oppenheimer did a great job with this, and you can have zero emissions, power plants, like california used to have, like france has. and have zero emission energy. there's a double-sided kind of aspect to all of these things. it's the nature of doing things in the world. there's really two-- so of course, there's going to egulory implications to

this from the downside, they need to be mitigated. fundamentally two different regulatory approaches how toith one is to regulate technologies themselves and proposeals on ai. a lot of that regulating what can go chips, how they buy chip, regulating software, who can download software, who can use it, write it, that's one approach and the other approach is regulating the uses, or regulating bad uses, so that approach says, okay, if ai is somebody to plan a bank robberies, robberies are illegal, we'll use the authorities on that front for that risk. or invasion of consumer privacy or medical, whatever you want, medical fraud is illegal, whatever the downside cases, those are this things are already illegal. th good tng in this country we have a robust system of laws

and regulations already today so basically even for most or all of the downside scenarios i# lear people talk about, the intelligence capabilities, dealing with things at the global level, and9d i think it' far more both effective to regulate the uses because you're addressing the actual issues and it preserves the underlying fundamental opportunity and positive cases of not fundamentally choking off the technology itself, but that's a decision we're going to have to make and we'll touch on china, but have pretty schizophrenic discussions in d.c. on this topic because i have a fair number of conversations with people who are likes technology inspect new and scary and we have to stop it, regulate it, figure out some way to tightly control or conai slow everything down if not stall it completely, kind of on tuesday and come back on thursday, well, china is building it so we have to win and we have to race asast as possible and we have to build

this out and make sure that american companies are as aggressive as possible and america has to do this as aggressive as possible because we have to beat china. it's a downstream issue, governor, what you identified. at the end of the day we are going to have to decide, where we, as a country in new technologies to win them or live in a world which we're not --e'rebj so used to america being technology dominant, which is economically dominant and militarily. >> and we have to face some challenges and we have to figure out how to win enterprise win and the american people win while dealing with down side cases. >> next to the governor, someone else who has spent his career in software before he became a governor. >> thank you for this conversation. so we've been experimenting with artificl intelligence in montana. put a bunch of our regulations

for chat gpt in business and rewrite at the graduation left. because that's not the level it's written at right now and i want to follow up on two things, particularly excited about the and ai tutor in education and my question is, how far are we in time frame away from deployment at scale in those two eank ther two-part kind of thing there. one is, is the technology reliable? so we're n quite there yet on reliability, and you kind of-- you may have read stories about this where the way the systems work, if they're configured in certain ways, there's like super genius and if they know the answer to something, they'll tell you the answer and the problem where if they don't know the answer, they'll make it up. and lawyers have been in trouble because they filed legal briefs from chat gpt and

the settings they would hallucinate and citations to cases that don't exist and judges do not find this to be entertaining. the consequences are quite severe, but there's a whole generati figuring out how to harness the systems so that doesn't happen. the same thing in medical fields and education. there's work that we're doing as an industry and i would say we're couple of years out from the reliability that we need so we're working on that. the other side of it is, again, want this. which, lawyers are licensed by the state, by the bar associations, by the governors and can there be such a thing legally, certainly not today. doctors are licensed, you know, even if the machine can pass, you know, medical school, the curricula and the tests. >> which it has. >> which it has. the current-- so the truth is, chat gpt4 and equivalent today like in 90, i

don't know, 90-some percent, it's just me not making an absolute claim for everybody, but as an individual, it's a better doctor 97% of the time than any human doctor you're going to talk to because it knows everything that's been written about every medical topic and current by definition of everything and analyze a hume amount of a better diagnosis today than most human doctors. >> so, this is like-- from that standpoint, this is c gap and built the systems that are reliable and you have the question, can an ai be a doctor? and answer once again, no, it's completely not allowed and so, you know, okay, so then there will be some man machine partnership to work in conjunction with a human doctor with a hospital change, with medicare, how does that work? big open questions there. >> things to figure out. >> the same thing on education, like, it's easy for me to sit up here and say we're going to

reform the education system for one-to-one ai, and there are large organizations that have large vested interests in, a big societal thing, big fundamental societal questions in front of us. >> we're going to jump from montana to wyoming. and governor mark cornyn has a question. >> thank you. i appreciate the conversation. this past summer i was at a cnbc summit and they were talking about ai remarkably and one of the commentators said is it important we have libraries anymore because we are going to have access to all information ywhere? on its face it was kind after interesting concept, but what concerned me with our way finding skills with the question, how do we find a critical way of evaluating if

you're doing a tutor, what that education is looking like and proceeds. >> i was having trouble hearing. >> saying how would you evaluateheor going forward? maybe say it again, mark, at the end. >> the critical aspect of, it's an ai tutor, turn it over to your child wherever that goes, it goes. >> so, i have-- described talks to. i go on my phone and it has the questions and answers and i can acss now and see what it's saying and i can see that and watch every step of that and i think the exact same thing can apply where both pen administrators and auditors, whatever you want, human beings can be eyes on this. by the way, i think for a lot of parents that would be a big difference what they have today where they have nos happening in the classroom and if what's happening in the classroom is good, that's

great. if it's not. today they have no way of seeing it. i think a lot of parents are fairly surprised by what they saw when their kids went to zoom school four years ago, it's like school attendance has never recovered from attendance. and some were shocked and alarmed by what they saw. the fact it was on video, it was the first time they got to see inside the classroom. the question you ask is important and the answer, this technologyught to make it more transparent and give parents a much bigger role. >> we're out of time so i apologize. and i get the chair's prerogative, i get to ask the last question. >> okay, you get the last question and i'm going to close. fire away. >> mark, great to see you again. thank you for being here with us. can you just touch on, and i know you kind of have, there's an interesting thing happening this week with a new ai, google's a lot of controversy over kind of what we're putting in. i think this goes a little to

mark's question as well and then doug, we'll let you wrap up. >> so this is the thing with google imagine generator which has been controversial and it's really entertaining what's happened because they-- so people discovered, it's simply flat-out refuse toss make pictures of white people so people on one side of the political this, but--hey want today makes all nazis black, stormtroopers in germany in 1941, they're all of color i was told that was not actually the case. and i'm told actually hitler was not pro diversity. so maybe it's important to reflect that if people are studying world war ii. so literally the headline of the new york time was that headline, google is making up black nazis. and so, it's like, okay, what's there, there's been this dramatic shift in now new

technology gets built. 30 years ago, when i started and when y you know, we built products like the word processor and web browser and word processor never argued what you were typing, it let want. phone calls, at&t was never on the line with you, arguing with you or trying 0 convince you were wrong about some ■pi the a built better or for worse is alignment, they call it alignment with human values, what the ai companies have, they h teams that basically are attempting to train the ai to conform with some viewpoint. by the way, you probably want that, right? that's to some extent because you don't want the ai-- a lot of people are not going to want a completely uncontrolled ai in their lives or their kids' lives that says crazy things or indulging conversations, and ways that can go wrong. for a lot of systems people use, you'll probably want a level of guardrails, but every company that's in the ai business has to decide.

what are the human values that it's going to align against, is going to be the way that we deal with computers in the future, the way that we deal with a lot of things in our lives in the futur so how the systems work and what biases they have or what things that they're allowed-- they think they're allowed to talk about or talk you out of, you know, or convince you of. these are going to be very, very important questions. you know, the team at google who is doing this, i mean, i know they have the best of intent they just-- they trained it in a specific way and now inside that company they're now recalibrating and figuring out how to adjustow, t be a big issue in the industry. this cuts directly into your roles and into the rolesf the companies are under tremendous pressure to have the technology work certain ways and a lot of political lobbying taking place in that front in these companies. so this will remain a live issue. i think it's good that happened, i think this surfaced

important issue.actually an >> thank you, spencer, for that question. to wrap it up, two things, give a quick shoutout to greg brockth dakota, population 300, one of the co-founders of open ai, went to rough rider high school, and they did have computers in high school and fun to see. i want to thank all the of the questions and the and -- for the governors, and shaping the world, not only shaping the world, but spending time with us. i'll close and minutes before we walked up here i asked chat gpt or bing co-pilot to wri poem for you because not only does it write, transfers e-mails, but and i know that bill lee is working this because they're trying to protect it in nashville, which is a huge, now they have nor musicians and more people in

the music industry in tennessee than any other state and working on legislation to protect song writers and intellectual property because this stuff can write songs and poems, to close out created a poem in seconds, only giving you the first line and the last, five verses long. code weaver, the zeros and ones dreams take forms stands a luminary, a■0 digital storms. mark andresen, a titan that shaped our world lifting it higher. when the dot-com bubble bursts, leaving dust, anded andreesen good firm, in code we trust. >> that was hysterical, that was fantastic. >> thank you, governor, and thank you, marc, a great

convsahat will begin. this concludes the plenary session and governors gather for lunch and invite our other guests to lunch in the liberty o seeing everybody at 2:45. >> this was great. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> as president biden prepares for his state of the union address, c-span encourages you to engage and express your opinions, we want to know which issue is important to you as the president's state of the union address approaches. >> i'm from new jersey and one. that i'd like to hear president biden touch upon is fentanyl

crisis and how he's dealing with also, the large mental health crisis that goes on in this nation, what he's going to do to address those name is ja a post doc fellow in johns hopkins and i do research in intellectual history and social theory. the most important issue i'd like to hear the president discuss in the state of the union, the dangers that artificial intelligence poses to our civilization the way it might undermine ourve a fully e and might threaten our i'm joy st. louis missouri, i'd like the president to take care and close the border because we're getting too many people illegals in here and it's just getting overwhelming and a lot of crime.

>> hi, i'm asia, i'm from new jersey. the thing i'd like the president to address anything related to gaza and palestine. it's very important right now and it just seeing the ignorance people not talking about it and choosing to look at it in one way. >> watch the state of the union address thursday, at 8 p.m. eastern, on c-span. our mobile video at c-span.org. c-span is your unfiltered view of government who are funded by these television companies and more, including sparklight. >> the greatest town on earth is the place you calljct2 at sparklight it's our home, too, and right now we're facing our greatest challenge. that's why sparklight is working around the clock to keep you connected. we're doing our part so it's a

little easier for you to do yours. >> sparklight along with these other television providers giving you a front row seat to democracy. >> we take you live now to the floor of the u.s. senate today members will be working on several nominations, including the assistant defense secretary. this we will also be working on the today. nding bill coming up live coverage of the u.s. senate is here on c-span2. the chaplain: let us pray. have compassion upon us, o lord,