the presiding officer: the senate will come to order. the chaplain dr. barry black will lead the senate in prayer. the chaplain: let us pray. gracious god, most holy, the source of our hope, our senators need your presence and help for the journey. you promised that you will never fail or forsake them so strengthen them to trust you, come what may.

give them patience, faithfulness, and integrity, as they wait in faith for the harvest of their stewardship. allow them to minister to those who daily face the tragedy of war. lord, give our lawmakers wisdom, courage, and perseverance to serve their generation in a way that honors you. give us all such faith that we may lead quiet and peaceful lives with godliness and integrity. we pray in your merciful name. amen.

the presiding officer: please join me in reciting the pledge of allegiance to the flag. i pledge allegiance to the flag of the united states of america, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under god, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. the presiding officer: the clerk will read a communication to the senate. the clerk: washington d.c., april 20, 2024. to the senate: under the provisions of rule 1, paragraph 3, of the standing rules of the senate, i hereby appoint the honorable christopher murphy, a senator from the state of connecticut, to perform the duties of the chair. signed: patty murray, president pro tempore. the presiding officer: under the previous order, the leadership time is reserved. morning business is closed. under the previous order, the senate will resume consideration

of the motion to proceed to h.r. 3935 which the clerk will report. the clerk: motion to proceed to calendar number 211, h.r. 3935, an act to amend title 49, united states code and so forth and for other purposes. the presiding officer: the senator from illinois. mr. durbin: i suggest the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the clerk: ms. baldwin.

quorum call:

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mr. schumer: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. schumer: mr. president -- the presiding officer: the senate is in a quorum call. mr. schumer: i ask unanimous consent the quorum be dispensed the presiding officer: without objection. mr. schumer: the senate gavels in on saturday with a singular goal in mind --

to prepare to act when the house sends us a national security supplemental. we hope to reach an agreement very soon on clearing the path for the senate to take up the supplemental after the house acts. we came to a tintive -- tenthtive agreement last night. if the hotline clears this morning, we expect to announce an agreement, allowing the next vote on tuesday, early afternoon. i loan we can take -- i hope we can make an announcement later this morning. i thank my colleagues for their good work on getting this momentous piece of legislation near the finish line. i yield the floor, and note the absence of a quorum. the presiding officer: the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the clerk: ms. baldwin.

quorum call:

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mr. durbin: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority whip. mr. durbin: i ask consent the quorum call be suspended. the presiding officer: without objection. mr. durbin: i ask that the senate stand in recess subject to the call of the chair. the presiding officer: without objection, the senate stands in recess subject to the call of the chair. that get more

resources for central so getting central graduate school early on right using that kind of segregation and racism to help the black community in this university in particular. and so not only hbcu use are just a logo of all the kind of. know kind of houses this 11 four year institutions. at one point it was the most four year hbcu of any in one of the reasons why we have so many hbcu is because there was a significant black population in north carolina and that is tied to what? slavery. right. so slavery was a major factor.

north carolina. and so they're after slavery, right there remained a large black population. right. a lot of this population is kind of center stage, particularly in the piedmont region or the middle region of the state. and that's where you find kind of the major urban centers of north carolina. so you have charlotte, winston-salem, greensboro, raleigh, durham, all that kind of piedmont section. so most of the schools are within that area. so that in terms of curriculum early enough, kind of hbcu issues and issues in general, they were largely more elementary or more on literacy kind of thing, ban going back slery in, you know, education being denied education being denied. but we talk about resistance to that and people still learning how to read and write and utilizing that in different

ways. t again, a lot of the kind of initial instruction was to tea people literacy and do more like stuff we associate with k-through-12. now, that kind of education, these institutions would transform to a more higher ed institutions later did, depending on the need, right? if we educate people to to be literate k-through-12 kind of education they need institutions to be further educated. so that's why they kind of became more higher educated, focused. for example, esteemed scholar in race leader a julia cooper, a tennessee agassiz normal and collegiate institute for her primary and secondary education, as well as serving briefly as instructor at the institution and she's actually one of the first black women to get a ph.d. i mean, she got it. i believe in europe and mary mary mcleod bethune is also a famous race leader who attended

primary education of we see use a barber scotia college. right. so a lot of these very important race leaders as seen in auckland we see use her many of the historically black colleges university the north kind of began with the focus on religious and often their founders religious organizations such as the baptist methodist, african-american episcopal and the presbyterian church. the second motivating factor for establishing is we see used in north carolina was to educate so they could then educate the black masses again because of discrimination, banning of education and writing there was the black mass as a whole. and we are talked about in the south as a whole. there wasn't a publicly funded education in the south until reconstruction. so so it's a large population that's not educated. so the focus was on religion ministers and also creating

teachers so they could educate kind the the primary secondary education. okay. although many of the education institutions for african-americans in north carolina were founded by white benefactors or funded by white benefactors african-american leadership was essential to the survival of those institutions. as soon as the first classes begin to graduate, alumni began teaching at establishing in schools throughout north carolina. so you'll find that a lot of the people that attended t hbcu, they were early, right? they would go on found other hbcu, right. so the alumni of the older as we see used were found in the hbcus like they will state was founded by alumni of another not hbcu. so you see that's why these are connected so so very much yes so you'll find that example throughout the history of all

hbcu in north carolina. so remain connected. okay. and so this is just a list of years that they were founded. and so as you can see, most of these institutions are founded in the 1860s. so shortly after the civil war. right. so shall university. 1865, st augustine's university, 1867 barber school. shaw college, 1867 jesse smith 1867 five state university 1867 bennett college 1873 livingstone college. 1879 is the city state university 1891 no agricultural and technical university 1891 was the same university 1892 and last but not least, north central university 1910. right? and again, as a lot of them, except we're basically not kind of such a university begin as primary secondary institutions. okay. okay. so this slide is going to talk

about we talked about the history of hbcu in north carolina. this slide gets into the history of activism at hbcu in north carolina. so again, there's a overfocus 1960 and 84 in particular. and that kind of a racist decades of history of activism. and so there were sustained student movements this hbcu during thear to mid 20th century north kind it hbcu studt tivists engaged in multiple successful movements they range in parti siz and duration prior to the 1967 movement, sten activists engaged in activism directly internal tard campus ministration, faculty, staff and governing board and oppression right.t anti-black so they were not only just going anti-black oppression, right? they were also battling their teachers, their administrators. right. fighting for instruction. right. in 1931, william stuart nelson

became the first black president, assuring university after students, alumni, faculty and staff advocated for african-american. so a lot of these early presidents of these institutions were, white men and getting a lot of the benefactors are white men, as so students in the 1920s as saw really advocated for black leadership. right. and they also, as spring race repression. right. they experience suspensions. right. threats of expulsions. so this was happening in the 1920s and 1930s, but they were successful at getting the black president. from 1937 to 1938. bennett college in norman and his students picketed the carolina theater for their anti-blackness. so we've talked a little about kind of anti-black movies for the birth of a nation, those kind of things. and so they were anti-black depictions in these films and the students kind of thought to

organize against this, right? also, there was discrimination in seating in certain theaters, blacks, legs, people had sit in certain spaces right. that were not equal in terms of quality. right. and so in 1937, 1938, some students at at&t and bennett college got together to organize against this. right. and they were also joined by high school teachers and other faculty members. right. so throughout we think about campus activism, faculty members are involved, teachers are involved. students are involved. also, people who are activists but graduated. right. alumni, right. are essential to kind of the continuation of this movement work. right. they didn't forget about their institutions and the people, right. when they graduated, they were still together with current student students right to do activist work. right. and so we'll find out throughout

this. right, that this is happening. i refer to them as activist alumni. they're not currently students. right. but they have a connection with these institutions. and then they use that connection to have solid or collaborate with current students and teachers. the faculty members that see this is a sample of activist alumni. so jq jackson c, smith university and noted act was journalist trevor w anderson recruited jesse as u undergraduudent leader hains to lead a group in picketing against the charlotte hing practesn 1943.criminatory right. so he attended primary and high school education c smith in a very city in the 1920s. trevor anderson he then becomes a journalist and activist and he works for the post office. a means discrimination. he also when he was a student and after he was a