inds to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual with an aggressor nation.

our most role is to as an arsenal as well as for ourselves. we should send an ever increasing number ship planes and gun. that is our purpose and our. on december 7th, 1941, debate over american in world war two ended abruptly when japan staged a surprise attack on pearl harbor. united. japanese that attacked pearl harbor hawaii president roosev just announced that also was made on all naval and military activities. and the principal of oahu. seven and a date which william in infamy

united of america was suddenly and naval and air forces of the empire of japan. i asked that the congress declare that since the and attack by japan on sunday, december seven, 1941 a state of war has existed between the united states and the japanese empire. the attack was part of alan to seize control oil and other critical resources in the pacific rim. japan's goal was to destroy our ability to stand in their way. four days later, germany and italy who were allied with japan, declared war on the united stateroosevelt had believed for some

time that germany pose the greatest threat to america's long term security. when hitler, mussolini set their against united states, roosevelt's concerns were proven, justified, and his need to respond was obvious. as the united states entered war, the situation was grim. japan had destroyed much of america's west coast fleet and now controlled pacific. and the north atlantic. german continued their deadly campaign against supply ships bound for great britain. so what? what about. germany armies had invaded the soviet union. winston churchill, the prime of england. america ally, traveled to washington to meet with roosevelt. together, they planned a strategy to combat the axis powers. it began to pay off in june of

42 as the allies stopped the expansion of the axis powers and began to tak in epic battle of midway. in june, 1942 was a major turning point. the u.s. navy destroyed four japanese aircraft carriers and ended japan's dominance in the central. a month later, american invaded the island of guadalcanal this was the first step in a strategy nd hopping. an island by island advance toward the japanese homeland in europe. the situation also improved. british forces the german afrika korps in egypt. aninvasion force landed in north africa to clear the continent of axis forces and the german advance. the viet union was stopped in a series of hard fought battles. in 1943, the tide of battle continued to turn in for of the allies as they gained greater and greater control of the fighting in both europe and the pacific. the soviet union turned back the german invasion began hitler's armies westward.

in july the allies invaded sicily. theled to the overthrow of mussolini's government. italy's surrender. soonic. the campaign end. the german submarine menace in the atlantic ocean began to turn the allies favor as well. the allies to eliminate this threat so they could begin the giant build up of men and supplies in great britain that would be needed for the decisive of northwest europe. from 1942 to 1944, the allies pondered, when, where and how a second front in europe could be open this issue caed considerable friction between the big three. as roosevelt, churchill and had their own ideas concerning the plan of attack. stalin demanded thstrike at the heart of hitler's empire in northwestern europe to distract and draw off a portion of the german forces that were attacking the ussr. roosevelt also favored assault on northwestern europe, but realized attack would require time for careful planning and preparation. churchill pushed for a more limited strategy of attack along

not november 1943. at the big three meeting in tehran, where the leaders able to agree to a 1944 invasion. the war was far from won. the talks also included discussion of a postwar unitenations organization. soviet fears of a resurgent germany led the russians to demand territorial adjustments in eastern europe to establish larger postwar buffer zone between germany and the ussr. the allies also agreed that they would accept nothing less than an unconditional powers. as dawn broke on june 6th, 1944 the largest amphibious invasion massed the waters of the english channel. the long awaited invasion of northwestern europe. a second front was underway, operation. the massive invasion had taken years to organize. hundreds of thousands of men and millions of tons of weapons equipment were transported across the atlantic ocean to britain.

the invasion force consisted chiefly americans, britons and canadians. inp1éc hours. the assault. fdr monitored reports the frontat he a statement to the american people. it took the form of a prayer which he read on national radio. almighty god, our sons, proud of our nation this day set upon the mighty and to set free a suffering humanity leading straight and cruel gives to their arms, darkness to theirearts, steadfastness in their faith. the normandy invasion hitler's armies trapped in a vise, fighting an expanding an the west and the soviets red army in the east. the allies began to tighten the vise.

by 1945, time was running out for the german and japanese forces. the year before the pushed deep into japan's pacific empire. by autumn of 1940 for the liberation of the philippines was underway and american had begun a devastating fire campaign against japanese cities. bases in the marianas. in some of the bloodiest fighting the war. marines landed on the island, iwo jima, midway between the marianas and tokyo. america was now in a position to begin the end against japan and germany. franklin roosevelt lived long enough to know that victory was assured. but on the morning of april 12, 1945, as world war two entered its 2,051st day, an exhausted president rooscottage at the presidential retreat in warm springs georgia disease, the stresses of wartime leadership. he had there for acation at 1 p.m. he was studying papers and sitting for a portrait painter when he suddenly complained of a terrific. seconds later, he. within hours the in chief was

dead of a massive stroke. less than a month later, hitler committed suicide in his berlin bunker. and on may 8th, 1945, germany surrendered the allies. four months later, on september 2nd, after suffering atomic bomb and the war formally ended when japan surrendered in aemony, the uss missouri in tokyo. world war two, the most important and most terrible event of the 20tcent over, but a profoundly economic political and social relationships that influence the world we live in todaywe are now in this war. and we're all in way. every single woman and child is a partner in the most tremendous undertake of our american history. we must share together the bad news and the good news.

the defeat and the victory changing wall to fight a global war. the united needs to mobilize its entire population. and along what became known as the home front, the government turned to ordinary citizens and leaders of large corporations help lead the mobilization effort. the response was astounding. american wartime production. more than 299,000 aircraft, 630,000 tanks 1500 naval half million rifles and, 40 n bullets. by 1945, the united states was producing 60% of all allied munitions and, 40% of the world's weapons. ths asked to conserve scarce for military use pr were rationed civilians strove less ate meat, less and often drank lesschildren organized scrap drives to salvage rubber metal for war industries. while their parents joined civil

defense units planted victory gardens and purchased billions dollars worth of war bonds millions of americans began federal taxes for the first time, and to con inflation. the government put limits on wages,rices an rents. president and mrs. roosevelt at the forefront of this national mobilization effort, setting priorities and victory. they purchased war bonds blackout shades, hung on their windows and committed the white house to wartime. the couple's four sons all served in military during the war. mrs. roosevelt continued, the ceaseless activism that had long marked as america's most public first lady. she was outspoken in in her support for racial and gender equality. she championed the tuskegee airmen women's admi into armed services and the right of workers to organize. in 1942, she england to offer america's and returned with detailed reports for fdr.

a year later she pacific, a representative of the american red cross. veled in military transports, putting herself at risk to visit hospitals, military camps and red cross clubs. during her trip, she saw an estimated hundred thousand american servicemen women. the need for war workers created economic opportunities for women and minorities and advanced cause of these two major social movements. after being threatened by black leaders with a march on washington moved to confront racial discrimination in the defense industries by issuing executive. 8802, which barred racial in war plans to enforce it. he created the fair employment practices commission. many women who during the war found opportunitieitionally held men were reluctant to return to the traditional role of homemaker. the opportunities open for he war contributed to the emergence of the postwar movements. grant us victorytyrants and slave

free men and tions grant was a common trait that man should know bread and peace that he shall know. justice and righteousness. freedom. security. an opportunity and an equal chance to do his in our own lands, but throughout the that. let us mark toward the clean world. our hands can make. world war two was the most important, most terrible event of the 20th century. it profoundly global economics. tics, social relationships and continues to influence the world we live in today.

in the uncertain weeks after pearl harbor, as japanese pacific southeast asia, manyarly those on the pacific coast, feared enemy attack and, saw danger in every corner. these wartime fears, combudice, led a great injustice. early in 1942, civilian and leaders on the west coast complained that members of the re large community might be working the japanese military to plan acts of sabotage. though no serious of this existed, they push the administration for action. on february 19th, 1942, fdr issued executive order. 1966, which led to the forced relocation of more than 110,000 japanese-americans living on the west coast. they were confined to internment camps operated by the military. more than two thirds of these people were native born americans. forced abandon or sell their homes and they own. similar wartime led can throughout

latin america to adopt comparable measures against rents of japanese ancestry. yet they remained loyal and some japanese-americans from. the camps served in the nation's military. they distinguished themselves with extraordinary valor in combat. t upheld the president's order in two wartime cases. but in the 1980s, the united states congress acknowledged this violation of the civil liberties american citizens and voted tofinancial compensation to the camps. the supreme court also vacated its earlier wartime rulings. and. during, two millions of americans took up arms to fight totalitarianism and racism abroad. yet in 1941, america was, deeply racist nation and the military, many other american institutions the war reformers worked to end racial discriminationn the military. with congress largely controlled

by powerful southern democrats who staunchly racial separation, challenge military segregation. yet world war prwith opportunities to take action against discriminate congress and to create an environment in which minornce in the military. in the name. during the war blacks were admitted to the marine corps for the first time andcorps, its ban on black pilots with strong public support of first lady eleanor roosevelt. nearly 1000 black pilots were traineat alabama's tuskegee institute. many of the tuskegee airmen eventually served in combat in europe and north africa. in the all-black 99th pursuit squadron. none of the bombers escorted the unit was ever lost to enemy fire. here for the first time, -- aviation cadets were being groomed to fly of a unit which was then a unit and surrounding americans of mexican and latino and asian descentll as native americans were also given opportunities in the

nation's and in the fight united states and. long america entered the conflict. fdr began to frame world warin more universal terms as a struggle to defend freedom around the world. fdr is most enduring expression of this concept came in his januaryixth 1941 annual message to congress in the futuremake secure, he declared, we look forward to a world freedoms. the first is freedom speech and every square in theorld. the second is fufedom

e third is freedom translated into world terms, means economic. which will secure to nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants. everywhere in the world. the fourth is freedom into terms means a world wide reduction of ment to such a point and in such a thorough that no will be in a position to commit an act. the perfect aggression anywhere in the world.

during the final year of the in europe, allied forces began overrunning camps used by nazi germany carry out its horrific final solution. the effort to eliminate europe's entire jewish population that is known today as the holocaust. the final solution was rooted in nazi ideology, which held that -- were inferior beings, who, bytheir very existence threatened the nazi concept of racial purity. this systematic by the nazi state resulted in the murder of the nazis murdered millions of political and mentally handicapped people and others. they considered to be undesirable. immediately after coming to wer in 1933, adolf hitler began the persecution of germany's jewish population. immigration to the world's democracies was seen by many as a way out. but immigration laws were complicated and often harshly.

germany's armed expansion during late 1930s and world war two led to enormous growth in german controlled territory that put vast numbers. european -- under german control and greatly diminished the for escape to safety. with the outbreak of war persecution escalated mass murder. beginning in eastern europe and eventually involving millions of -- the entire continent. what known as the final solution to the jewish question was a carefullyganized effort to maximize the killing and destroy every --. the nazis. could find how utterly without mercy or regard for human life. is the german federal? how otherwise can explain the reports of sending numberless jewish people from berlin and other cities an hour's notice packednto trains with their destination? neither poland or some part of occupied russia. the scale and depravity of the final solution was staggered in

reports of mass reaching the allies almost as soon as they happened. the response of president roosevelt and others within the american government society has sparked heated scholarly in recent decades. whether fdr and, other american decision makers might refugees and whether they might have undertaken policies. auschwitz that could have saved from. on october 11th, 1939. economist alexander sacks livered an historic letter from albert einstein to franklin roosevelt at the white house. in the letter, the distinguished

physicist described potential for an atomic weapon and warned that nuclear research was underway inroosevelt responded to einstein' formation, a scientific committee to study whether an atomic weapon was fe later, he approved the creation of the manhattan, a top secret atomic weapon. at a conference hyde park in september of 1944, fdr churchill agreed to keep the bomb project codenamed tube alloys secret from soviet leader joseph stalin. whateither was that russian spies were keeping informed about its progress. fdr was prepared to use weapons against both germany and japan but a bomb was not ready for testing until fdr death in germany july 45.

president harry truman authorized the use of atomic bombs against japan in august were dropped on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasakinagasaki. and. the most importantanklin roosevelt left the world was the united nations organization. from the earliest days of world war, fdr worked to create a postwar organization dedicated to global cooperation and peace through collective security.

on january 1st, 1942, he welcomed representatives of 25 allied nations to the white ng each to defend life liberty and preserve human rights and justice. fdr, this wartime coalition, the united nations and later led efforts to expand it into a postwar international organization. and returning from trip, the defense of the refreshed inspired with a firm start on the road to a world of peace and am confident people will accept the results of this conference as the beginning of a permanent peace upon which we can begin to build an underground that better world in which our children and grandchildren your men, mine,

and the childrenof the whole world must live and can live. that, my friend we all imagine jack, give you what i feel is very deeply. and i know that of you are feeling it today and are going to feel it in the president roosevelt organization of nations dedicated to equality and mutual security with the institutions, backbone, being the four policemen, the united states great britain, the soviet union and china, who would enforce the peace. fd days before he was to address the opening session of ited nations and the day before his death, he labored over a speech about the postwar world. the mere conquest of our enemies is not enough, he wrote. americans have to cultivate the science of humanall kinds to live together and work together in the same world at peace.

to make our the world. find to be better than.