n/7xymwfos the u.s. arsenal

would be. he deferred on that. but if i were advising aing these questions i would be asking what additional value from a national security standpoint as an increase in the u.s. arsenal provide? we have got to remember the night states andsia have the ability to alyenals they have it. does not provide more deterrent >> was not his point though? >> it createsce? >> no. he was saying we may need to one of the present would need to i consider does increase deterrence? how much does it cost? we are already spending the united states close to $70 billion a year on arsenal. will be spending about 256 billion over the next years. we wanto spend on

weapons that's the keyn question. if the u.s.es its nuclear arsenal for the numbers what other reactions of the chinese going to be? it's very likely they will to match us somehow. may not be parallel but it will still match how does that affect our security most of testions the president or future president will present will have to consider when and this date comes she may consider increasing and arsenal. we do have time with china which has never been involved deeply and nuclear talks bilateral with the u.s. for. >> may bring in jon dearborn michigan but you a darrell of theor arms control association. >> my biggest issue and it is pretty topical right now is israel is a proliferator acknowledge that at the federal

level. we a them any aid whatsoever. not adhering to the non- prolific treaty. old core cold war days at the big issue right now. >> it true is one of the worldsworld nightly or arms states. and it is interesting israel's nuclear weapons to protecthe existence of the state of israel is not doing too much to help deal with the conflict in gaza inrunning war and conflict future of israel and palestine. reality. it's a reality for the other states in the middle east who constantly try to remind the world that israel has nuclear weapons. >> wis a open secretng that's not officially by

israel? >> that is a goodd question. this is the worst cap nuclear secret i would say other countries are aware i run is aware egypt is aware. political and legal issues for israel and the united it's important israelacknowledged it has nuclear weapons. acknowledge they have nuclear is important in a democracy like israel to have an open discussion about our countries military policy but that cannot happen in israel today because the government does notwlhe existence of projects arms control.org as words and viewers again % there. 2023 estimated global nuclear inventories chart. showing countries around the have nuclear arsenal israel listed onn there.

in north korea at robert for you next good morning. >> good morning i just wanted to put my 2 cents in on the about what each countries put it inside theombs they d are making? as tothey are? as to the amount as a deterrent? just wanted your take on that. >> let me describe basics about nuclr weapons. one is the most difficult things weapons is acquiring the material the explosivmateri highly enriched uranium.enals of the night states, russia, china today are extremely powerful beyond most human comprehension. most people will remember the states dropped two bombs at the enld ii destroying the city, about 200,000 people by the endna of 1945.

those are relatively small nuclear weapons. well beyond what we have seen will be on anymore since then. nuclear weapons produce not just the blast that destroys buildings but intense heat and that radiation has a lasting the initial explosion. the united states and russia today hav that are 100,000 times more powerful than the bombs that destroyed hiroshima and nagasaki but we have over 1500 that could be delivered relatively quickly by the united states. or bite land base sea -based missiles, long range bombers and the majority from either present each present has the sole authority to decide whether orit not to use these weapons.

this is why an issue that affects all of us. it works beneath the surface we do not talk much. the nuclear weapons and spread its rising as we speak. there is a short draft from un secretary-general and he put it this way. the world is on a knife's edge because of the rising risk of nuclear weapons use in global nuclear arms race. >> a bookabout spring she offers a scenario and a hypothetical nuclear launc htening it is a reminder of the have known for a long time. it is a com read every would need to take a look

i in the nuclear arms states there is no guarantee a nuclear war can be contained. the devastation would be extraording. it is a compelling read if you happen to read it and one night several hours. >> recovered on c-sn a spent.org if you want to read it if you that on our website.onwe text laurie in maryland should we be cuba i'm assume she suck that nuclear powered submarines but what we should not be these particular place this is an interesting the united states and russia as well as china are engaged in military exercises almost all of the time. at sea in the air to exercise their military capabilities to they have nuclear

weapons capabilities. this is not necessarily good. but thi is aspect of the nuclear problem. sometimes the nuclear sigling can be misconstrued by the other side. expressed in the nuclear threat. vladimir putin in the past ks has ordered exercises in russia to demonstrate short range nuclear weaps. which has as we know threatened to potentially use against ukraine or against nato if nato countriesnd get involved in russia's war against ukraine. this is part of the ongmilitary exercises that great powers are involved in. >> this is brian you are on. >> thank you foretting me ask a question.

what about control components for nuclear weapons? i used to think it was mainly uranium.ai is there a way we couldolle awful, terrible weapons? thank you. you. as i said the technologies that are used to make nuclear weapons are well-known. what is important in terms of preventing thetion of nuclear weapons is to try to sensitive technologies transferred. the technologies specifically can be used toenriched uranium and plutonium they explosive in a nuclear bomb. so for instanceithironic we have been working the world has been workingevent iran of chmachines. which are very sophisticated that

are capable of sifting out the type of uranium that leads to a highly enriched uranium the explosive type. if we can prevent the spread of uranium enrichment tec into separate plutoniumm spent nuclear fuel we can theoreticallyy the proliferation weapons. ongoing struggle that requires a lot of vigilance it requires we've bcessful over the years. as i said it's an ongoing problem. >> new technologies there are stories about russian deploymen çrí a satellite that could this is the reuters story about thate satellite. but it refers to nuclear technology orla t use nuclear weapons in space it notes satellite deployment united states alleges russia is developing a space-based n weapon capable of destroying entire networks of satellites

for u.s. launched at least one satell related to its nuclear space weapons program according to officials familiar with the intelligence. your thought on nuclear weapons in space? >> the outer space treaty obligesntries to refrain from stationing nuclear weapons in orbit or in space. and that is becauseuclear deviceing objects we all depend on for everyday lives. effects on our life in the ground communications for months and years to come. so for all these reasons nuclear weapons have been banned in outer space through this disagreement. but as the report said unite russia the possibility of space-based nuclear weapo and china are all engaged in operation and earth orbit that have a strong

relationship tort military operation the u.s. depends a great deal on t communications to help coordinate and operate our world.n particular are looking for ways vulnerabilities in those systems this appears to beat one be one thing they are exploring. so this is an ongoing problem the u.s. government is seeking to prevent through diplomacy there is a recent debate at the un security council about this issue. the u.s. is trying to encourage other countries to put pressure on russia. not to this very dangerous path. >> of russia can pursue this dangerous paths path, despite signing this treaty. at the u.s. can pretend into israel does not have nuclear weapons so they do not to join a specific treaty. what isir p for break the treaties? >> that is a great question. like our international laws the laws are there to establish standards

requirements and norms everyone is supposed to follow up arend see especially arms controle treaties with their obligation. and if not actions canen the problem is we are talking about nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons in space there are limits to what the united states can do do. there is no global cop on m putin's door and say you cannot do this. is why this is difficult too. this is why we need to work5o other countries to make sure few out these can be brought back into line. his effort to intimidate i ukraine and deter nato from becoming more involved in the defense ofmi nato making overt and implicit threats of nuclear use.

that is illegal but that h tries to continue to do this. >> nuclear saber. >> it has been deemed that treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons. the united states and nato companies have criticized it very strongly the g20 states which is a group oe industrialized countries nuclear weapon use are they are trying to hold the line and make it clearts will not be tolerated. yet some this. >> california santa barbara this is goodst morning you are on with daryl kimball. >> hi youwr you did mention that book by jacobson n scenario. i did see the interview on after it was one of the most sobering things i have seen on yet. it was ext most citizens are n aware of what could happen.

i just thought god forbid if one country launches a nuke may be anots blown up. and theythey come to their better senses book in every war game s done one nuke launched will create a chain reaction every other countries going to unload and that isev the end dead. that is crazy. i ame is watching right now and listening to watch the after e book. another thing she brought up that was really interesting as we assume we have a magical iron like israel can shoot down she said we do not have anything like that. we've a few defensive and it's a 50/50 chance ofking we are under these allusions and assumptions here. my question is what do we do to

shake the public and shake the politicians to realize we are on the precipice ofany moment. thank you for. >> thank you for watching book tv. >> that is a great comment and a great question. the risk is that works beneath the surface.ks issues. weke there are things that can and must be done. i would point out we have been through this this dangerany decades the risk is gone up and down and we have=q succeeded in reducing the risk and has occurredainly because the public is called out actions by our policymakers to engage their nuclear adversaries. find ways to reduce the risks and reduce nuclear weapons on

the way to p elimination of nuclear weapons. anhing i would encourage everyone to do is not just be but take some action star member of to reduce the threat with russia or not constrained arms in the f the doing to reduce the enormous cost of the arsenal? these are questions every member of congress should beos looking at and the presidentials question comes up at the june 27 j debate between president biden and subscribes to arms control today? >> it's written for many different people. it's a specialized journal we have a wide variety of people looking at her journalists and editors diplomats, students and educators, half of our audience appears to be in the united states. half from the rest of the world we have a print edition and it is online.

good morning you're on with daryl kimball. >> note disrespect to your guest we always have an abundance of good questions but all we ever get is salad and dancing around the reality we are being led by a lobbyist, and the military industrial complex which is never been held accountable for any of its misdeeds. we spent 20 years destroying iraq. ade invasion we are doing withh cannot even get a handle on. ukraine is the same thing. the russians had rocket blew up on the launch pad that had a nuclear powered motor on it. had so much nuclear waste we do notow know what to do with it. japasumng it in the ocean as we speak. question? >> i do not think there is any stopping i what did the say thebox has been breached. i have plutootomac river on rhode island we have a

giant teabag of a because there is no and scientists knew this planet there is no nco cold shutdown. are, we are killing ourselves in slow motion. the genome ithe unviable option that we it's the ever read about the creation of nuclear power. it's aon othe nuclear component. destruction of the nuclear component. guest: the caller finds us that nuclear weapons use, there are otheronsequences. i come from a town i >> i come from a town in idaho weapons production acts in larger place back in the 60s there has been from the nuclear weapons program and in russia through the decades and we're living with some of the consequences of the contamination and the waste and it is a remin congress right now is

consideringr than to expand an important program to affected by the fallout during cold war years in the 40s and 50s and 60s 70s, and it has expired and that -- is very important for the people who are -- wh lives and health have been affect sodat's before the congress debate is about exposure compensation act there's bipartisan support for doing out on congress passing this legislation. >> to that comment by the caller. pa it seems like he doesn't feel like there's a lot of h how he's been in the work for a long time are youeful? >> you have to be hopeful because we need to avert thi catastrophe that is spelled out in the news clear scenario and and we haven't necessarily done it.-- nuclear weapons make its becausecl we've had -- good diplomacy we've had some the

public pressing policymakers to take action. we that. and yes there are severe the nuclear power industry to nuclear weaponscess that we need to deal with but wethe ultimate nucleareses at if i. >> good evening dee dee what's your comment? >> are you guys aware the united states, the whoting on top of a deposit of hydrogen? do you know hydrogen is used for in nuclear weapons? >> not sure where -- dee dee i so we'll go to mike in detroit. good morning. >>h.nt i have a couple of quick questions. one is -- a neutron bomb an one of the satellites in space andin was that act of intimidation and was it irresponsible because there's -- you k creating debris

in space. which fromd could become a real problem. >>ta so on your question about the missile that china used to destroy one satellites, it is ane it created a tremendous amount of debris in that's dangerous for otherpace objects including astronauts on space thingsgs that the united states has proposed biden is a ban on that kind of act are, you know, direct assent launches to destroyay in which the united states is done thisans have done this too it is one way in which tho engage in space at some future point. so that is a problem. we need to prevent irresponsible behavior in space.ron bomb. >> a neutron bomb is a type of produces relatively more radiation and relatively less for its explosive power. and this was a very controversial idea that was

debated the late 70s and 80s. the purpose of be to increase the lethality and in that's not somet russia or china are thinking about today but that's what neutron bomb is. >> richard in southeast ton good morning you're next. >> good morning. darrell, i was u.s. army 84th engineer battalion and we 1 up the rooted dome. the people that 4,000 soldiers participated in less than 300 of us are still alive. darrell, you know, anything about t cleanup? >> thank you for your service. that was extremely dangerouse. and so what the caller is referring to -- in the 1940s and 50s united states conducted big ones in south pacific and it created an enormous amount

radioactive contamination and one of thehe things that the un had to do, tried to do was to contain the material on the, you know we tack a toll and putting concrete dome over site, and soldiers like gentlemen were se was extremely dangerous hazardous. and they are some of the people who are still suffering from affects of the u.s. nuclear weaponss program or many of the people on marshall islands nuclear detonations and this continues there you have it. is the dome that caller is referring to the -- >> richard. helped build back -- >> if you take a look at the before he built was a huge gap in the cactus crater i closed t dozer operator -- all i did 12 week was pile with no protection. us are all dead except for 300 of us who participated.

>> richard -- >> a sad thing john.he dome. show the people the dome. show them the c showing them the dome how much -- what did they what you were going to do? >> i knew i participated, there was 22 years old. when i participated in the cleanup, i knew i was cleaning material. i rad volunteered to go but most of the guys that participated inin the dome, okay, they all combat engineer some of the different military installations throughout this country b they knew that we couldn't use 120-degree weather so if you want to take -- see pictures of soldiers building dome, eve this a paper mask on. and they're just breathing in all of that with all of the guys there are no longer with us. >> running short questions for richard? >> i hope you're well,o thank you for your service. i mean, this is aop soldiers, american

citizens have been aff by thend past nuclear weapons testing production activities and this is a legacy of nuclear weapons. this is a weapons and we need to help people like richard deal with issues that you may and you and your colleagueg with as a resultar of that work. thank you. >> ricor your story appreciate you calling in. >> okay. waiting. darrell you'rest on with darre >> hi, john. last check i can finally say i to my brother darrell one of the thingings that i always involved whng thet scriptures and thrg one in matthew 24ere's going to be a war aside from a higher power if there's not a designroyed. and that includes your pets, dogs -- horses your friends everybody. but it says for the elect safe it will not be destroyed. a situation where i guess what we have to do is wait to see is going. right now we've got a war going

on in ukraine..@the ukraines think they've got a attitude, and boris got their attitude and you and m have no way to tell the people i don't hate don't hate chinese but we have a government that spreads this attitude around and that someone or another w before we all finally seat end of what's going to happen.ne1, and i'm thankful i made it this far but there's a they ain't going to make it to ten years old so is in a really desperate mess and hopefully it is wise people available that -- you wonder -- s >> a from idaho darrell final thoughts. >> just live on one planet and we alln -- keeping mother earth safe and catastrophe and nuclear weapons is one of the t that can -- earth so one of the things that we need to the nuclear weapons threat is that, you know, the key. aents to be talking to one another seriously

aboutlear risks about nuclear the united states has said and president biden said this with united nations what else is happening the worldes states is ready to pursue critical arm control measures and i member of congress agrees. every u.s. president going agrees, and aggressively and