in 1849, it took the ship flying

cloud 89 days to reach san golden gate harbor from, new york and san francisco. in the spring of 1945. no point on earth more than 40 flying hours away from san. in hundred years, san francisco grew as the world grew smaller. it developed into a vigorous and

cosmopolitan center of person culture and of industry and shipping for the war in the pacific. and for nine weeks in the spring 1945, san francisco was the center of men's hopes for lasting peace. and. more delegates representing 46 nations came to san francisco on april 25th, 1945, representing almost 2000 million people. more than 80% of humanity. all at war. when the conference begun. they came. hope. born of common struggle struggle

and they to design together. machinery to end war. a curse which in 30 years had killed 40 million human beings. maimed countless millions more. and both armed and unarmed.

american. when the conference convened franklin roosevelt was missing. the man who helped weld the united nations together as a fighting team and who worked to keep them united in the peace come had died before he could see his dream come true true. but his words in every mind and heart heart. 25 years ago, american fighting men looked to the statesman of the world, burnished the work. peace, which they fought and suffered. we failed them. we failed them, and we cannot fail them again and expect the world to again. president truman, roosevelt's

friend and successor opened the conference by radio from washington. relevant to the united nations conference. and organization. it is not the purpose of this conference to draft a treaty of peace and. the old sense of that term. this conference will devote energies and its labors exclusively to the single problem of setting up the essential organization to keep the peace. you are right the fundamental charter. as the broke up that first night, the task before them was clear to chart the course toward realist international cooperation to preserve peace. this the responsibility vested in them a war weary world.

it was for this. they had gathered, at the invitation of the governments china, great britain, the ussr and, the united states. this was the step made possible by dunkirk in stalingrad and normandy, the burma road and midway planned for at casablanca, cairo. moscow. tehran, dumbarton oaks and yalta. delegates from 46 and later 15 nations were there but there in spirit to where the victims of warsaw coventry, shanghai, laodicea, the hopes of the living in the dead were concentrated in the hands of the representatives meeting san francisco together. they organized the huge problem ahead of them. the discussion and amendment of

the proposals prepared at dumbarton. each nation was represented on all four large commissions set up to work out the general provisions of the nations charter and the actual structure of the general assembly, security council and judicial organization. these committees were divided. smaller working groups. 12 in all. chinese english, russian, french, spanish with a standard means exchange among many languages spoken spoken. and in nine weeks the charter was ready to go before the participating governments for ratification. in the general assembly of the united nations organization. each member will have one vote. any matters within the scope of the charter, will discussed here and recommend decisions will be

made to the security council. the security council will have five permanent members and six others elected by the general assembly for two years. it to be the enforcement arm of the organization and an international court of justice in permanent session will decide aspects of international disputes. the economic and social council will have 18 members elected by the general assembly. special agencies like the food agriculture organization will be affiliates with it. the trusteeship council for the advancement of territories, held in trust, will be part of the general assembly. it will be equally divided. those nations which administer trust and those which not. there will be a secretariat to do the administrative work of the organization organization.

these were not easily arrived at. they were hammered out of debate, stretched and contracted compromise. the result is a constitution which is at the same time an expression of high ideals and of practical measures to be effective. the charter, the active cooperation of people. in the same efforts and understand that went into the writing of the charter will be needed to make it a working instrument. to fulfill the mutual of nations. as set in the charter, to bring about free world trade and, the full employment of man's productive resources, men and women of goodwill everywhere must come to know and understand one another. in this charter, humanity has

declared its united to work towards those economic goals. and the social and economic of the united nations organization gives the peoples of the world an instrument with which to promote a higher standard of living everywhere through their delegates. at san francisco, the member nations pledged to use instrument. they pledged to to stimulate the exchange of culture among peoples and in the words of the charter to practice tolerance and live together in peace with another as good neighbors. at san francisco the 50 united nations, their faith in the dignity and worth of the human person without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.

the representatives of 2000s million people pledged to freedom from fear and, freedom of expression, freedom from want, and freedom of. worship. the second week of the conference brought the news of germany's surrender, proof of the power of unity against a common enemy. but in their wake, the germans left horror and devasted. a specter of fascist them. and the price of total war which would haunt civilization for decades to come.

strong and effective must guarantee that succeeding generations shall be such destruction. therefore, at san, the delegates of united nations to concrete steps to settle their disputes by peaceful means to prevent threats to the peace to suppress aggression, and pledged to place their armed forces at the disposal of the international organization. and. for speedy combined. air forces will be held immediately available. final responsible party is

vested in the powerful security council authorized to swiftly and effectively with the aid of. its military staff committee. this was not designed without and dispute, but the final blueprint had the unanimous approval of the participating. and it is now duty. my honor and my privilege in the chair to call for vote on the of the charter of the united nations including the structure of the international court and also of the agreement on arrangements. if i have your pleasure may i invite the leaders of delegations from of the approval

of the charter and the statute and agreement on interim arrangements horizon that places and be good enough to remain standing while that country. and the this was a people's conference responsible to the conscience the world. here in midst of war. the world's collaborated in the

drafting of workable international constitution constitution. it was a conference to write a people's charter opening with the words we the people of the united nations determined to save succeeding generations from the of war, which twice our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind. the it was a people's conference and a soldiers conference meeting under the eyes of of two wars and generation, which must

suffer if it constitution fails. common people and their governments were aware of the stakes. now there are many who that agreement could ever be reached by these vested. this brings so much enraged. and religion and language. and culture. but these differences were all forgotten in one unshakable unity of determination to find a to end war. this charter points the way but whether the world is move in that direction will depend finally upon the vigilance and sovereign will of the peoples of

the world.

we are very to have with us