she was a governor of south carolina. od job, particularly hitting business into the state. on the democratic side, the democrats put the rebel flag up over the south carolina state capital and she took it down. host: i will move on to brendan in south carolina -- brenda in south carolina. caller: how are you? i oppose the opinion because this is my mindset. first of all the states should never have had to do this if the house republicans in the senate with republicans had done their constitutional duty and convicted him for impeachment of trying to overthrow the election. the way i look at it is they take an oath to uphold the

constitution. we as americans don't take that oath. they tookwhat was the backstop? colorado felt like because they did not do their duty the only choice they had was to step in and do what the congress and senate should have done. if the supreme court says it is up to congress, if they are afraid of the >> we're going to leave this now to go to live coverage of the house. the following measures, h.r. 3391 and h.r. 3838 and agreeing to the speaker's approval of the journal. the first vote will be a 15-moint vote and pursuant to clause 8 of rule 20, the unfinished business in the vote on the motion from mr. guthrie to pass and pass h.r.

3391 on which yeas and nays are ordered the clerk: union calendar number 131, h.r. a bill to extend the gab real yella researc the inst- health and for other purposes. the speaker pro tempore: will the the speaker pro tempore: the question is, will the house suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended. members will record their votes by electronic device. this is a 15-minute vote. [captioning made possible by the national captioning institute, inc., in cooperation with the united states house of representatives. any use of the closed-captioned coverage of the house proceedings for political or commercial purposes is expressly prohibited by the u.s. house of representatives.] ■ ■5 ■u ■ l ■ ■ =

the speaker pro tempore: on this vote, the yeas are 384, the nays are 4. 2/3 being in the affirmave, the rules are suspended, the bill is passed and without objection the motion to reconsider is laid on the tle. , the unfinished business is the vote on the motion of the gentleman from texas, mr. burgess, to suspend the rules and pass h.r. 3838 as amended on which the yeas and nays are ordered. the clerk will report the title. the clerk: union calendar number 196, h.r. 3838. a bill to amend title 3 of the

public health service act to re-authorize federal support for states in their work to save and sustain the health of mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, to eliminate disparities maternal health outcomes for pregnancy related and pregnancy associated deaths, to identify solutions to improve health care quality and h mothers, and for other purposes. the speaker pro tempore: the question is, will the house suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended. members will record their votes by electronic device. this is a five-minute vote. [captioning made possible by the national captioning institute, inc., in cooperation with the united states house of representatives. any use of the closed-captioned coverage of the house proceedings for political or commercial purposes is expressly prohibited by the u.s. house of representatives.] "v

the speaker pro tempore: on this vote, the yeas are 382, the nays are2.eing in the affirmative, the rules are suspended, the bill is passed, and without objection the motion to reconsider is laid on t. pursuant to clause 8 of rule 20, the unfinished business is the question on agreeing to the speaker's approval of the journal which the chair will put de novo. the question is on agreeing with the speaker's approval of the journal. those in favor say aye. those opposed, no. in the opinion of the chair the ayes have it. the journal stands approved. for what purpose does the gentleman from louisiana seek recognition? >> mr. speaker, send to the desk a privileged concurrent resolution and ask for its immediate consideration. the speaker pro tempore: the clerk will report the concurrent resolution. the clerk: house concurrent resolution 93. the speaker pro tempore: the house will be in order. the clerk will report the concurrent resolution. the clerk: house concurrent

resolution 93, resolved, that the two houses of congress the house of representatives on thursday, march 7, 2024, at 9:00 p.m. for the purpose of receiving such communication as the president of the united states shall be pleased to make to them. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the concurrent resolution is agreed to and the moon is laid on the table. for what purpose does the gentleman from texas seek recognition? mr. green: still i rise as a proud scion of the enslaved to a great, i ask unanimous consent that representative manning of north dakota be removed as co-sponsor of. 902. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, so ordered of. mr. green: thank the chair will now entertain requests for one-minute speeches.

for what purpose does the gentleman from texas seek recognition? >> mr. speaker, i ask unanimous consent that i may hereafter be considered the first sponsor of h.r. 4506, a bill originally introduced by mr. johnson of ohio, for the purpose of adding co-sponsors and requesting reprintings pursuant to clause 7 of rule 12. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, so ordered. for what purpose does the gentleman from tennessee seek recognition? >> i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. >> thank you, mr. speaker. i would remind members, a little crowded in the back there, we've got a few seats down front if y'all want to come down here.

mr. burchett: i rise to recognize the folks at backyard burgers which recently closed its doors after 25 years. the managing partners are a wonderful couple, loving parents to their kelsey and john and great business partners. when i was county mayor i would host luncheons for my staff and% we would always eat backyard burgers and because they were delicious and i knew it would put a smile on their faces. i also saw david and natalie at my son's football games, because their son played as well. david and natalie u burgers to stherve community in lots of different ways. they hosted the backyard burgers bowl, a football game between coa high school and the christian academy of knox victim. -- of knoxville. they would donate $1,000 to each raise money for the knoxville area ministries. they held a pillow fight event onier to collect pillows for the

rescue mission and collected over 600 pillows for them. the knoxville community will miss backyard burgers, i wish david and natalie the best in their r everyone else moving on to the next chapter in their lives. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from new jersey seek recognition? >> i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. >> mr. speaker, i rise to discuss the great work of president biden and the house democrats. we're putting people over politics to grow the middle class. mr. payne: we've created better paying jobs and continue to make communities safer. we've capped the price of insulin $35 per month for

seniors and working to make that price set for all diabetics. we continue to grow the middle class with investments and technologies to prevent climb change. climate change. we're working to make everyone pay their fair share of taxes. we'll keep fighting to keep guns out of the hands of in addition, we want women to make their own reproductive health care choices and we will continue to put people over politics in all our policy choices, and with that, mr. speaker, i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the nt georgi? mr. carter: i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute.

mr. carter: mr. speaker, i rise today to recognize the remarkable career of bob howton. he's a giant in georgia broadcasting and has worked with over 500 television and radio stations in the span of his career. bob is retiring as presidentdl f georgia association of broadcasters, a position he has held since 2012. although born and raised in chicago, bob chose to make georgia his home. bob has been a live announcer for college football, baseball and basketball in georgia. geors adoptive college and served for several years on the grady college board of trust before being named the grady fellowship recipient in 2022. during his career, bob has held management positions at wgst radio, broadcasting, and has advocated extensively for the continuation

of a.m. radio. bob has earned a tremendous amount of respect in his field, and i hope you join me in congratulating him on a well-earned retirement. thank youer, and i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from california seek recognition? >> mr. speaker, i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. >> i rise to recognize a man with a big heart, daniel hampton. he was a tireless civic volunteer, earning him the title of mr. riverside. i was one of many people who knew dan, who knew thaty smile and deep unshakable desire to make his community a better place. mr. takano: he embodied that commitment of repairing the world. he volunteered his time in many ways from serving on civic

boards at the chamber of commerce to picking in a big sombrero. he made our little corner of the world a better place, and for that i'm one of many in riverside who will miss him deeply. my thoughts are with his family, friends, and our community. may his memory be a the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentlewoman from north carolina, dr. fox, seek recognition? nbms. foxx: thank you, madam speaker. i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentlewoman is recognized for one minute.■b ms. foxx: thank you, madam speaker. the biden ad administration is desperate to shore up support before the november election. it's so desperate it announced its attempt to co-op the federal program and to begin paying college students to register voters and work at the polls. that's right, the federal government will be handing out cold hard cash for students to

scoop up votes. vice president remarks built this scheme as, quote, unpartisan, end quote, and one that will,promote voterr students, end quote. nobody is buying that pitch, madam speaker. here's the truth, the biden administra is turning the federal work-study program into a vote-buying sweepstakes. enough with the spoke and mirrors already. the american people are not fooled. i yield back. the speaker woman from missourik recognition? >> i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentlewoman is recognized for one minute. >> thank you. st. louis and i rise today in honor of the life and legacyf bridgeton attorney mayor briggs. ms. bush: he was a loving father

and dedicated student and as man st. louis county, he cared deeply about his community and those in it. one issue we worked on was the cleanup of manhattan project waste dump in the landfill and surrounding areas. together we fought for not only of the cleanup of this waste but also for compensation for those impacted. mayor briggs was also a champion for the rights of those living with disabilities. he worked to ensure everyone was tread dignity and given the resources to thrive through his service on the productive living board, special olympics board, special school district board of education, and the municipal league of metro st. louis. mayor briggs was deeply loved and his legacy will live on through the lives he has touched. my heart goes out to mayor briggs' family and his friends and to all of bridgeton, may he rest in peace. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from south carolina seek recognition? >> mr. speaker, i ask unanimous

consent to address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. mr. wilson: thank you, madam speaker, during the state of the union speech on t■uesday, biden will falsely claim his policies are working but in reality, bidenomicss is a failure. when biden took office, inflation was 1.4%. since then inflation has rich by nearly 18%. inflation is a tax on all families paying more for goods and services since biden took office, including electricity, up 29%, food up 21%, auto insurance up 21%, just to name a few basic examples. americans for prosperities revealed the truth at bidenomics.com.e johnson will continue fighting to reduce inflation and create jobs. in conclusion, god less our troops who successfully has otected ame years as the globe of terrorism moves to a safe haven in america.

we need to enforce existing biden opens borders for dictators as more 9/11 attacks are imminent as warned by f.b.i. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from north carolina seek recognition? mr. davis: ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized for one minute. mr. davis: madam speaker, as students sit crisscross applesauce and intently listened, i continued reading "the very hungry caterpillar" by eric carlton. the book was about a caterpillar are who continued eating and eventually built a cocoon. he pushed his way out as a beautiful butterfly. read across america encourages

educators and parents to highlight the significance and fun of reading. march is national reading month. madam speaker, ms. sarah joyner, a former student of mine, is the teacher of this fantastic class. beautiful as a butterfly. i'm so proud of you for devoting yourself to your students and transforming theiriv for over 30 years. congrats on a successful teaching career and your upcoming retirement. yield back. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from california seek recognition? >> io address the house for one minute and to revise and extend my remarks. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. mr. lamalfa: thank you, madam speaker. maybe soon we'll actually get serious about enforcing our border and the immigration mess

we have we see what's happening with sanctuary cities and mayor adams is starting to talk the right language. but on top of that, we have san francisco not only fully embracing illegal alien sanctuary, starting this november, get this, they'll let illegal aliens vote in their local school board elections. right. how can we even think that's constitutional? how is that going to make san francisco electionsators they wo washington, d.c. or sacramento in the eyes of the voters of the rest of the country? how do they have confidence that? so texas can't enforce their laws on illegal immigration invasions into their state, but san francisco can ignore federal law and allow illegal aliens to vote in their local elections and set up ultimately to

legitimati tote in federal elec? that will lead to this body having to invalidate their elections for congress and senate and for the white house. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentlewoman from ohio seek recognition? ms. kaptur: i ask unanimous consent to address the house for one minute and put extraneous material in the record. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentlewoman is recognized for one minute. ms. kaptur: i rise to raise awareness to the desperate situation in gaza but also the fact that israeli hostages that probably number over 100 have not been freed by hamas. every means at our disposal, including u.s.c. and airdrops should be airlifted to get all necessary aid to civilian populations trapped and in dire need of supplies. i applaud the biden administration's new mission to airdrop food and other aid directly into gaza in collaboration with our jordaniah

israeli forces. if our nation could lead the berlin airlift following world war ii, surely we can ease the suffering as we urge a truce and work with our allies to a two-state solution. i wish to submit for the record, a proposal for negotiated truce and a two-state solution that will allow for rebuilding. i'll submit this for the record. the u.s. is prepared to carry continued airdrops if we can work with our allies to achieve it by sea or air. the world community can help. we have a moral obligatn to achieve and to assure the release of hostages and sustainment of life for those who are innocent on the ground. thank you, madaspeaker, i yield back.■ the speaker pro tempore: the gentlelady's time has expired. for what purpose does the gentleman from indiana seek recognition? >> madam speaker, insent to adde house for one minute. the speaker pro tempore: without objection, the gentleman is recognized for one minute. >> madam speaker, as the father compassionate daughters, it's

with great respect i rise to celebrate women history month and the 2024 theme, women who advocate for equity,■h diversity and inclusion. mr. mrvan: i'd like to honor a true leader in indiana, dr. vanessa ellen mccloud, who served president and c. c.e.o. of the urban league for more than a decade. in this role she works to improve services to improve social, educational, and economic opportunities for african-americans and other minority groups throughout northwest indiana. under her leadership, the u cond succeed and has become an outstanding source of support for many individuals and organizations. madam speaker, as we celebrate women's history month, please join me in recognizing the dedication and contributions of dr. "vanity fair" -- dr. vanessa ellen mccloud and those women who make our communities missouri equal, diverse and

thank you, madam speaker, and i yield back my time. the speaker pro tempore: for what purpose does the gentleman from california seek recognition? >> madam speaker, i a unanimous consent to address the house for one minute. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized for one minute. mr. thanedar: it's time we have a solution for the immigrants' help with national security and why as a co-sponsor of■x the eae act am going to introduce it and attach it to the national division organization.d immigras to help build some of the critical technology that's going to keep us ahead of china and keep our military the eagle act benefits all american workers by lifting the arbitrary per country green card cap to bri@çng down the decades long backlog. it also will help end h1-b abuse by foreign outsourcing

corporations as these visas undercut wages. it's time to pass the eagle act and attach it to national defense and make it a national security issue. thank you, madam speaker. the speaker pro tempore: under the speaker's announced policy of january 9, 2023, the gentleman from arizona, mr. schweikert, is recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the majority leader. .. mr. schweikert: thank you, madam speaker pro tem. we're try three things tonight. i apologize to anyone who doesn't like math or complexity. originally i promisedimple tonit but let's just say it didn't work out. so the three things we're going to try to do this evening. minutes talking about folklore. the things we get as members of congress and this is both for the folks on the left and the right. the comments we get.

and i want to walk through a little bit of that. i want to do sort of an update status on what's happening financially. and then i'm going to broach a subject that's really uncomfortable, and that's going to beal future. i'm going to talk about sort of fertility rates and what that means to being able to finance social security and other things. for anyone whooes not like math, please just go watch something on netflix right now. couple of weeks presentation onk we've done on what it takes financially to save social security. and one of the things i've been -- i'm genuinely angry about, have been angry about fol security as a weapon and our folks are terrified to talk about it because every time we talk about trying to save it we

then my brothers and sisters on the left say just raise the cap. and we showed the math. i mean, we had two ph.d. economists spend months working out the math. and raising the caps doesn't get you anywhere close to and the immorality of this place being willing to double senior poverty in nine years. you do understand. even if you raise the caps, i showed math, that 100% still having about a $400 billion shortfall in the first year. and if you did all the taxes, might cut that down to $250 billion or $300 billion shortfall. today's math says the average cup until 2034 will take a $17,400 cut. we will double senior poverty. is that a■ republican or democrt

perversity? i'll just argue it's a moral one. why can't we actually work on the math, yet when i chaired the social security subcommittee every time i tried to do full of actuaries and those things, my brothers and sisters on the left found more joys in the politics because it's a powerful issue. and absolutely immoral what we're doing. we -- there's a concept of a black swan. that's something that sneaks up on you, blows you up. there's a concept of a white swan you see it coming and you don't do anything. we have the actuary reports in front of us. i know this is a math-free zone. one of the first things i want to walk through is a concept of, when i did the speech a couple of weeks ago, had a couple hundred thousand views on youtube. p bless, yay.

then you read through the comments. those of us in congress know about half of our comments are a lot of them are russian botz. you read through some of them. they stole my social security money. let's do the math and walk through. this is important to understandd built up, built up, built up, particularly when the baby boomers, because there was a population bubble that actually built up those tax receipts. had $3 trillion, $4 trillion in it. that's one stole the money. what happened was, you're not going to just let the cash sit there. so the cash was actually loaned to the treasury. treasury gives. a type of treasury bond. just like if you walked into your bank and said, i want to a u.s. t-bill. same thing. and twice a year we pay -- the treasury pays interest. the problem right now when you

hear many of us get behind these microphones and talk about the social security trust fund getting emptied is themount of tax receipts that come in, fica tax, every month. don't cover all the cck going so every month they have to take a little bit of one of their t-bills, their treasury bills, and hand it to= say we need some cash. we need some cash. give us some cash so we can make this month's social security payments. but every t they use up a little bit of that savings account. and it's that savings account, the trust fund that 2033 or 203. the social security trust fund just like the transportation trust fund, just like the airline trust fund, all the trust funds that are borrowed from. they're paid interest. i'm going to but i think actually last month

because you -- treasury pays interest twice a year to the social security trust fund. i think■s last month may have bn $30 billion, $40 billion. the mean interestats right -- it's about market. so for everyone if you say, they stole my money, it's there. the average couple, the average, will get about a $70,000, $72,000 spiff.4 so the money they pay into social security over their lifetime the average will get about $70,000, $72,000. understand that's a rate of return. if you had been able 20 careers ago when it was being discussed, been able t take■@ a little sliver of that money and put it in the market, you'd have a ginormous, larger rate of return. politics toxic. there were lots of campaigns

saying you're trying to privatize. ok that world is gone. it's medicare that actually has the huge problem of, for every dollar you put, in you get almost five dollars back. social security you get pretty much the money you put in. crappy rate of return but you get that back. that's the first folklore i want to go over. number two. you saw in the comments. people? if this room was full as i'm giving this presentation, we got a problem. because when you're sitting in this room, this is for voting. this is for debating. this is not necessarily where you do your work. you do your work and your -- in your meet, in your subcommittees and primary committees. when you see the room empty, this is how it's supposed to be. when you have an -- when you have an idiot like me behind the mics, you're probably on television stations.

so a lot of these presentations i do, i'm as much here to talk to staff, educate them. that's one thing you look for. another one, i want to say, i have this neighbor, wonderful s. about every six weeks he sends me this text message with this article that's completely fake, david, why d your pension, you got it on the first day? why do you run again? none of that is true. this is all made up. and you're functionally, for, i think 25, 30 years, the pension system we have is pretty much identical to the f ranger. the only reason i say those things is, i believe when you see those sorts of comments and posts and other things, it's an attempt to distract. it's an attempt to avoid dealing with, dealing with what's really

going on around this place. madam speaker pro tem, the house is not in order. the speaker pro tempore: can the house be in order. will members please take their conversations outside.■) mr. schweikert: this room has a really weird echo effect and actually the echo sort of goes away when there's lots of bodie. when there's not, the sound bounces all over. one of the points i wanted to go to tonight is what's happening. the economy is actually fairl decent right now. g.d.p. growth is fairly decent. yet i want to make a point because we did the math jt we're month into the fiscal year? we have added,443,000,000,000 in that five mons.

my current math is, right now, about every 123, 125 days at the current borrowing per day, we're adding another trillion dollars. this is in a time when the economy is p my average, since functionally october 1, is right now we're boar ring about $7.9 billion every day, got to understand what that ultimately means to us. because it's actually been accelerating, i think on friday we set our all-time record. i think we were out to borrowing like $95,000 a second. almost 100% of that growth is interest. and you're going to see this over and ovein the charts. interest and health care costs. it's medicare. it's things that we're not allowed to talk about that are on auto pilot.

and if it continues, my math says we're headed toward about a $2.6 trillion, $2.7 trillion borrow this year. in a year when the economy is f. if today's math held up you're broaching $3 trillion. now i'm hoping we're going to have a really good april tax receipts, but that means right now if you take where we're at and average it from the first day of this fiscal year for the five months, we're right now, our math is $2.9 trillion. for this year. borrowing. at is substantially higher than c.b.o. predicted six weeks ago. and that's right off the treasury's website.let's walk td try to understand, my personal theory is, we dos conversations around here because we're desperate to avoid

telling the public, or even ourselves, the truth. every single dollar you and i as members of congress vote on is borrowed. every singl vote on is borrowed. the way we're going this year, every single dollar we vote on is borrowed plus, eight, nine, maybe $1 trillion of medicare will be borrowed. we don't get to vote on that. that's on auto pilot. my point is trying to understand how much. now this numr no longer about 73%. we think it's approaching 75%. we'll be on mandatory because of the growth of interest. hand that you. so. we made this board a couple of days ago and then it popped. so it wasn't $93,000, it■ç was al $95,000 a second. but i didn't want to waste the ink and print a new one. why d understandable.

let's be brutally honest. how many of us can see 12 zeros in our head? and myears, that is one of my great sins in trying to communicate my stress about this. is i'm here saying it's $1 trillion. no one know what is the hell $1 trillion is. it's 12 zeros. but when every second -- every second we borrow substantially more than the average wage of americans, maybe that hits home. so let's actually sort of walk through what's going on and then my sarcasm here is going to be my anger at myself, my brothers and sisters here, particularly on the left, but also on the right, we've been debating and fighting over things that don't even qualify as a day's borrowing. we bring this place to its knees. we remove a speaker. we do this and that. then you realize the amount of dollars being fought over.

only equal a couple of days' worth of borrowing. but darn it, it was on television. i got to raise some money on the internet. and it's that type of false prophet that i will argue is our demise because if i can get you to fixate on the shiny objects you're never going to be willing to absorb the truth on how ugly these numbers are. so this is where we're heading toward right n 2024. social security will be our number one spend. looks like it's baseline, looks like it's ticking up. we're seeing something interesting where a number of retirees asking for benefits is ticking a little faster than expected. $1,450,000,000,000. so $1,450,000,000,000. number one spend, social security. interest. both gross and potential

lynette. but gross interest now is our second biggest spend and i just had math. because our math right now looks like for 2024 we're going to cross $1.1 trillion. of just interest. just interest this year. and i feel -- i know for many people who are forced, because you're employed to sit here and listen to an idiot like me talk. you've heard this before. but it doesn't seem to sink in. $1.1 trillion, that's not republican or democrat, it's math. yet we're not allowed to actually talk about it. because the hallways in this place are full of people coming to our doors wanting more spending and you point this out to them and they'll take it from someone else, i want my money. it's not your money, it's the taxpayers' money. medicare, and medicare is rising and then defense. for all of my brothers and

sisters on the left say cut defense. it's sort of stupid but it's the number four expense, not number one. how often would you and i go home to our spend in government? oh, it's defense. no, defense is now number four. and at the trend line in the next few years, health care will actually be number one and interest will be number two and social be number three. it's a very tight number there. let's aually walk through the 2024 spend. i want to get our heads around this. social security. this was a fascinating number. and we've been trying to average in what the new appropriation bills -- remember, we're just now finishing up our 2024, so we're only five months late, is the net interest. because the united states does something no other industrialized country does. we play a game with how we

describe our borrowing. oh, that's borrowing fm the public. this is borrowing from the trust funds. so if anyone is listening right now and you question this, go o? the oecd. go and google right now, your favorite search is the debt to g.d.p. of the united states according to oecd? you'll get a number like 144%. because they don't let the scam artists say, well, you borrowed it from yourself and you still have is to pay it back and you have to borrow mon t back while you're paying interest for it. it's a con. we should never allow discussions in this place and not use the term "gross borrowing." but is it magic money, we don't have to pay it back? it's just money we didn't have to go float publicly traded bonds, but we still have to pay

it back. the reason i built this chart is i wanted youee a line right here. even the net interest -- so the publicly borrowed money, the still the second biggest spend in this government. and i'll say it and it will probably just land on deaf ears. so let's actually walk through something that's really uncomfortable and it's going to tie in. one of my fixations is how do you stabilize borrowing? so that■u borrowing equals what our economic growth is. i'll show you some charts later and this it for people who actually care about economics. he's growth of the country and here's the debt of the country. if you could ever bring the

g.d.p. growth and the debt in line, you have created stability. but we have some crazy headwinds. there's also some crazy opportunities happening. there are good things happening out there. will congress be t adoption of them? right now we're the problem because we're scared of our own shadows. if i came to you right now and said let's come■9 u way to stabilize social security and stabilize medicare. it's a moral obligation. we made a moral contract i we've got a problem and it's something almost no one here ever talks about. we're not having children.s fers have collapsed. this number is wrong. the latest number is not 1.64

for last year, it's■g

economically to make it so family fortion, there's more children? there is things we can do to help but every other country has not been able to change fertility rates. i think in hungary, the third child they buy you a house and the fourth child you get some kind of prize and it barely ticked up the fertilitiese industrialized world. if you can't change it, do you build public policy to change it? do you accept the fact you'll have a lot more automation. it means capital investment. are we going to have to find ways to safely adopt artificial inteig the society so the labor force is maximized in its value in what they earn and productivity?

those are policies we need to work on. have■ on the floor here, how may are ready to have the discussion of reality? it's demographics, it's life. i'm going to bounce through the next two boards. there's a punch line here we need to absorb. this is a little uncomfortable but these are deaths expected to exceed births. and the new math, in 15 years -- you've got to understand what a big deal this is. i came behind this microphone colers ago and got some real crap sent to my office. i was saying in 22 years we'll have more deaths than births in this country. and then it became 18 years. then it became 17 years. the new math now is 15 years.

in 15 years, the united states will have more deaths than births. the blip you see here is the pandemic. but if you look at the line, you can understand. and here's our crossing. somewhere before, a little before 2040, which is 15 years, we have more deaths than births. now try to stabilize long-term benefits. there's ways to do it. this congress now is mathematically incapable of owning a calculator. but there's ways to do it. we can't even put together a debt and deficit commission to have a honest conversation what's happening in our society demographically borrowingwise and interest ratewise because maybe it will affect the next election. doese care about their pensions, let alone their kids and grandkids? we lie. there's not magic money out

there. this cycle didn't■ prove that those that believe in modern policy, you have 30 months of higher inflation. if that's not the ultimate proof the magic money theory didn't work? here's the punch line. social security actuaries is the green line. they had fertility rates going up. these were our baselines. the baselines are already continuing to show that they're wrong. be prepared over the next year to see dramatically different numbers coming at us on what our future looks like when financing this society because our next generation is going to be smaller. it's math. there's ways to make it work. there's ways to make this society a prosperity but requires intellectual capital,

something i don't think we're prepared to do. let's do a quick run-through. these are just the first three months. i brought the boards back because i saw things ove the weekend where people were just making numbers up. it's not that hard. you can go right to the treasury's website. you have to own a calculator and spend an hour laying it out. you know how to work excel. first three month■ñ the national debt increased in the first three months -- and this is important, this is the 2024 number, $834 billion. ok. if t is the first three months and it's $834 -- i can hope maybe there will be magic tax■ receipts. but multiply it times four and you'll see what we're projecting. part of the bunch line is interest continues to grow.

i'm going to show you why some of this is. but in those first three months, we spend $238 billion in interest. that number wl getting bigger and bigger because this year, there's a debate around it. the treasury announced they'll be financing rolling some of the debt shorter on the curve. so let's say we had to borrow -s use a simple number, $2.8 trillion new issuances. t still have hads 7.9 trillion that comes due, bonds that have been sold in the past. when they come due, bonds sold five years ago with very low interest rates, what happens? they're now sold at the newer higher interest rates, and that's the modeling problem right now. boards i showed you that we expect interest this year to be $1.1 trillion? a lot of that is because the

amount of debt i and we stayed very short on the curve instead of what i begged for a fea ago, saying please go log in the curve. go long. because that way at least you locked it in. and if we have now, because und, because congress doesn't want to be in charge, because you have a white house here tt makes crap up, and i can prove that on the numbers they published last year. the bond market now runs this country. hear my words. gets cranky, the first time we have an undersubscribed auction, you watch how fast this place comes in and we capitulate. it doesn't have to happen. but we -- because we've abdicated our jobs, we basically

made a decision, and this happened actually not that long ago. go ask people involved in the clinton administration, go ask newt gingrich. some when the bond market hiccupped and the debt situation then was dramatically better than today, this congress stood at attention and did what they needed to do to make the bond market happy. because if you have a failed bond ation, you want to see society have a really bad day. so let's walk a little more through some of these. ok. total interest costs continue to rise very quickly. look, i'm just trying to make a point here. first four months. if this was we spent $159 billion in interest. this year, our first four

months,7 billion. remember my point i'm trying to make, interest and health care costs. so we're going to knife each othere things i would do in discretionary, and i'm going to talk about it and i promise you there will be a television ad attacking me, but it's honest. we don't control this. the thing we can do is it we convince the bond maet we're taking the debts seriously, maybe the interest rates to buy our debt get more efficient, but the only way the bond market gives us that spiff is because we do our work. and we've proven over and over, we're incapable of doing our work. some this was my calculation over a week and a half ago and we were trying to say, my

frustration was, last september, we were projecting, interest is only going to be got beyond that from january to october and borrowed and analyz. i'm trying to make a point. c.b.o. lot of the people around, good people, their projections, something has gone horribly wrong in our math and we are off the mark. these are dangerous. if you are on the left, you care about social welfare policy. if you are on the right and you are concerned about economic prosperity. we are going to crush both sides, and it's right in front of us and we do knowing to tell the truth about it.

i brought some boards some interest rates. i don't know if anyone really cares, but when you start to understand the differences out there, marketable and unmarketable and trust funds, marketable, yo have a bond and sell it tomorrow, you have those those interests rates and remember, much of this debt had been sold around 1 1/2 and now coming in at well over 3. you go, huh? just understand that you doubled your interest costs. all right, let's go into something that is uncomfortable. when the first boards i showed, i showed that every dime a member of congress votes on this borrowed.

ok? and i haven't vetted this and i think it was in a "new york times" article and god knows that accurate, the budget bills will have 700,000-plus earmarks. they are only tiny fraction of the spending. ok. accept what it is. really uncomfortable question. is it actually moral, is it good economics toorrow money, because that we do, everything we are going to vote on here, to borrow money and things i like. but is it appropriate to borrow money here and send it to entities that their own taxing authority? it gets better. turns out we spend a little time

looking at municipal bond debt earlier today. you know, cities, states, counties, the hhest rated ones like aaa and have to do the taxe lower interest rates in the united states. so low-run city with a good credit rating floats bonds at lower interest rates than we do. that should tell■ó you somethin. is it rational and moral that we borrow money and sinned it it tg and borrowing authority and many of those entities borrow money at equal to or better than what we are paying over here, on

nondefense discretionary, 40% of that money is money we are sending to entities that have their own taxingauthority. we would get unelected the next day and people would say, we thought that was free money. it is free money except we are paying interest on it. are we capable of having an honest dis it? of course not. we could try. all right. a couple more here and go back to the office and have more coffee. there is often an argument, you can borrow money, but you need in the long run to keep it close to the growth of your economy. so how you have heard me talk the debt to g.d.p. and 100% and

total gross and well over 140 to debt to g.d.p. let's use that entity and then adjust for inflation, because remember a dollar today, is worth 22, maybe 23%■é less. so you have to do all these inflation calculateors. what's the fancy word? trying to point out the increase in national debt, buthi the increase in g.d.p. over 2023. if this growth and this debt were right about line, you would actually been stable. in a weird way and a politician say we are going to pay it off.

really? did i mention every dime we borrow is on things we don't get to vote, things like medicare is borrowed. it would be nervana and get stability. bring down the growth of this or the left, if they want to spend capacity, more tax resets and those who want to cut, we know the number we are working towds. that's how we do it if we put on our economist hat. same bit differently done. increase in national debt outpaced growth in the economy

by more than $1 trillion over the past year, and that's what that bond market is going to be. it's that debt to g.d.p. and when does it spike in interest rates and when does a pandemic, when does a war to pay back your interest and your principal. and when the united states actually has and dear god, please don't let it happen, that moment oftress, that failed auction, we put the entire world into a depression, allow your pension depends on getting our act together. the last chart is a little difficult because there are anomalies in the numbers. on occasion we'll go back to 2000. 2000 had an unusual tax

collection year because the year or two before that there were massive gains because of the dotcom bubble. long run average has been about 17.8. et let's go to 2023, wellected n taxes and legacy of koafdz and the other part of trying to show you the highering arcky of spending, social security, defense and start to see this spending up here and start seeing that green, the green is nothing but interest. and our problem is even with the projections which i hope i'm right that long run over the

next eight years we get close to 18% of the economy and tax rates.ok, gap continues to still widen. and most of that widening is our projecti benefits. 67 million of us who are baby boomers. health care benefits. the interest we owe and then back to the point what do these numbers look in 2023, 2024 when the social security trot fund is empty. are we going to raise taxes? i have done the presentation where i brought in the economics that shows tax max ms.ation, where you do the effect, you get

a point of g.d.p. and tax maximize and their estate tax, you just do it all, point and a half of y arch imp. and those who want to cut things, you take everything that has been discussed in discretionary and the debate we have discussed is a fraction of a fraction of a percent. not a rounding area. you have to change spending and adopt technology. single biggest thing you can do to bring down borrowing. dwiebts. and it would be moral. it's the right thing to do. how many brilliant discussions that we are looking for real solutions but we are too busy

knifing each other. for those of us, i could find a point and a half point of g.d.p. to cut. ok. i have a point and a half over here and point and a half. and we # .6% of all g.d.p. and all the solutions are a fraction of that. is goine behind and say we don't tax rich people enough. maybe eight, nine days of borrowing. every dime of it. why can't we tell the truth. madam speaker pro tempore, every dime of borrowing to today to the next 30 years is demographics. and maybe it gets me unelected

but worth telling the truth. it is d demographics. it is health care, particularly medicare. and if eight, nine years when se is emptied 6 $16 billion, how do we backfill that. backfill that through taxes. and how much you slowed down the economy and how much you slowed down other tax receipts. if you do it to borrowing, it explodes and 30 years u.s. sovereign debt will be $130 trillion and how many people around the world are going toin? do our work. take it seriously. put the debt and deficit

commission. demonstrate the people who wan d take it seriously -- i have very young kids and make it so that people who want to enjoy their retirement understand the stability, retirement security. we all say in. with that, i'm going to have some more coffee and i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yields back. under the speaker's announced

policy of january 9, 2023, the gentleman from illinois, mr. jackson is recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the minority■é leader. jack jacks i ask that all members may include extraneous materials on the subject of the special that i rise today -- the speaker pro tempore: without objection. mr. jackson: i rise today co-anchor this special order hour with my colleague the honorable cherfilus-mccormick. we have the opportunity to speak directly to the american people on women's history and issue of great importance to congress, the constituents that we represent and all america. it is now my privilege to yield

to the yield■ to representative cherfilus-mccormick. comer from the great state of rhode island. >> i rise today to honor women's history month. we cannot forget our yet overtime the history of black women have been overlooked and forgotten. i want to do my part to correct that record. i want to highlight two two women from want to honor chris chris christensen

i want to honor she was a staunching abolitionist and used her wealth to support the 54th massachusetts infantry regiment, a unit of black soldiers during the civil war. dedicated to improving the lives of black women in her community, she founded the home for aged colored women in providence. decades later, maria lopes, another trail blazer, was the first black woman elected to the rhode island state legislature and carried on cristiana's legacy of activism in rhode island. she lived in the housing projects in providence and made a social activist when she blocked the mayor of providence from turning the housing project to luxury apartments. in 1973, maria stormed the city council chambers with over 400

residents in support of preventing the sale of valley view. thanks to maria's advocacy, when valley view was originally sold, 25% of the units remained section 8 housing. in 1989, lopes won a seat in the rhode island house of representatives where she served for over a decade, championing affordable housing issues. i certainly would not be standing here today as rhode island's first black member of congress if it wereot tireless work of maria lopes and cristiana. women's history extends beyond march and is happening every day and is worth acknowledgement every day as well. we must continue to uplift the hidden figures in our history. thank you. and i yield back my time. mr. jackson: i'd like to thank the honorable gabe amo from the

great state of rhode island. mr. speaker, it's my pleasure now to introduce the honorable sheila cherfilus-mccormick from the great state of florida. ms. cherfilus-mccormick cherem: i would like to thank my co-anchor, mr. jackson, from wil. we're co-anchoring for a year and a half, i believe. i'd like to thank those trail blazers whose unwavering dedication has shaped the history of our country. because of them i can speak before you on this floor today. as we celebrate women's history month, we reflect on the courage and commitment of black women who have led an indelible mark on our society and inspired future generations to carry the torch of justice. among these trail blazers shirley chisholm who shattered the glass ceiling in american politics and holds a special place in my heart. she broke down the barriers and beat the odds to become the first black woman elected to congress in 1968.

she proudly fought for the rights of neglected communities and politics that benefit working families. her historic 1972 presidential campaign upended the status quo and gave hope to a new generation of leaders by encouraging them to trust in the strength of their voices. however, shirley chisholm wasn't alone. she was surrounded by women such as barbara jordan, a powerful force in american politics due to her unrelenting devotion justice. she made history by being the first black woman elected to the texas senate and the first black woman from the south to be electedepresentatives. she worked nonstop to advocate for civil rights, immigration reform, and the rule of law. last year, we mourned the loss ofhe honor of serving alongside her at the end of the 117th congress. her whole life was about serving others. whether it was as a nurse at the v.a. in dallas, or it was in the

these andhis very institution. countless others who followed in their footsteps have made a lasting impression on women's history. their legacy is proof ofrican people. we can pay tribute to these extraordinary people during women's history month by recommitting to the fight for justice, equality and opportunity for all americans. in their honor, let us strive to create a better union for all the generations come. madam speaker, i yield back. mr. jackson: i'd like to thank the honorable congresswoman sheila cherfilus-mccormick from e florida. it's now my privilege to yield to the honorable congresswoman joyce beatty from the great state of ohio. ms. beatty: madam speaker, it's my honor to rise today to join my colleagues for this special order hour. i cannot think of a better time that i would stand in this house

and be ableo salute women, especially black women. i say to our co-anchors, the honorable jonathan jackson and my good friend and co-anchor, the honorable sheila cherfilus-mccormick. thank you. thank you for being our anchor and thank you for reminding us of our rich history. and today as we w members of the congressional black caucus come forward and talk about a list of w, who came before us and their shoulders we stand on like rosa parks, harriet tubman, sojourner truth, shirley chisholm. so coming today, madam speaker, where tomorrow, for the third

time, a woman will sit in the seat where you hear the state of the union. a black woman who also happens to be the first ever vice president of these united states of america./s we also celebrate this month, sadly, that we're giving it one month. obviously if■x i had my way, co-anchor, we'd celebrate it every day. but we will honor women like those who have been able to sit in that seat running fortune 500 companies, people like ursula burns, my good friend ros brewer, and desunder duckett. we also honor young women like

poet amanda gorman. when we think of the women who have done so much, whether they are doctors or athletes or educatorsr judges -- judges? yes, like supreme court justice kataji brown jackson, but let me end with this, you saved the best for last, madam speaker, 31 black women serving in the united states congress. if i had enough time, i'd do a roll call telling you that they hail from alabama to washington, d.c. but let me just leave it at this, 31 black women. thank god we put people over 31 black women serving in this

chamber that understand that we have a right to women's reproductive rights. 31 black women understanding that we support the child's tax credit. 31 black women who understand that more women are now insured because of the care act. 31 black women who understand that the first act that then presidobama signed was the lily ledbetter act. i could go on and give you a walk through this amazing history that i have been allowed to serve in. as the ninth black woman to have chaired the congression bou thae have been fortunate to have another female sit in that chair as speaker, nancy pelosi. so as those who are witnessing

us tonight, i say to watching, we celebrate, we honor, we stand on the shoulders of women, especially black women. because we know when women succeed, america succeeds. thank you and let us continue to put people over politics. i yield back. mr. jackson: i'd like to thank the former congressional black caucus chairwoman, the honorable congresswoman joyce beatty from the great state of now my privid to the honorable congressman payne from the great state of new jersey.payne: madam speakerd like to thank the gentleman from illinois for that kind introduction and also the gentlelady from florida for hosting this special order hour. they come here every week

bringing the■i message from the c.b.c. and do an incredible job. also, it's very difficult to follow my classmate, the former chairlady of the c.b.c., a very hard act to follow. so when i see her, i kind of cringe because i know i better get it together. t the honorable joyce beatty has been a true friend, sister, and colleague to me. and to you, madam speaker, as you sit in that seat, it is apropos that this month you have been given the honor speaker's d control the house of representatives, so i salute you as well as a woman. i rise today to celebrate the influence and achievements of

women, of black women in america during women's history month. but first i would like to discuss the origins of women's history month. women's history month started as women's history week in santa rosa, california, in 1978. the local san openlia county commission on the -- sonoma county commission on the status of women planned a week of events to commemorate the national women's day of march 8. the events highlighted many contributions of women to american history and culture in society. it included school presentations in sonoma county, a student essay contest to honor local women, and with a parade through the downtown of santa rosa. the year after that, santa rosa's historic week triggered similar events to celebrate

women in communities■ nationwi. in addition, historians and women activist groups began to push for a national women's history week. in 1980, president jimmy carter issued the first presidential proclamation to declare the first week in women's history week. but one week was not enough to celebrate the enormous contributions of women to american history. so congress created women's history month in 1987. and it stated that the month would recognize the specific achievements of women -- that women have made in the course of history in a variety of fields. this month we honor women from all races, cultures, creeds during women's history month. but we are here today as the

c.b.c. to honor black women who have made a difference in america and many of them need to be women like bessie coleman, the first black woman to this count. alice coachman, the first black woman to win an olympic medal for the united states of america. dr. rebecca lee crumpler, the first black woman to earn a medical degree in the united stes wheatley, the first black woman to publish a book in this great country. and mary jane patterson, the first woman to graduate from an established college. we also have mary aliza mahoney, the first black nurse and eventual co-founder of the american nurse's association.

more than that, maloney was one of the first women to register to vote in boston after her retirement in 1920. maggie lee walker, the first black woman to start a bank and serve as the president of a u.s. bank. alice dunning, the first black woman to cover the white house as a reporter may jemison, the first black woman to become an astronaut and go into space. she overcame her fear of heights to do that. can you imagine? these extraordinary blackare ha. black women are setting new standards of excellence in the sciences and the0 arts, athletics, politics, math,

medication, and theust to name a few. i am proud to celebrate the chiropractics of a black woman. i am the product of a black woman and all women to the betterment of america. they have helped to bill this country and do everything possible to protect the rights they have worked so hard for. and as we discuss the whole notion around black women and what they have contributed to this country, let's not forget all back women and what they have done in this country. i am honored to be here tonight on the floor to say thank you to the many women that have made a difference in my life. jean whraikly, esther

kay thompson payne, dr. jacqueline young, rhonda payne, my late sister. i have been molded by black women all my-and i feel a obligation to help them advance their careers. salary jones. i am delighted to be here and express my gratitude to women, to black women, and women as a whole. and with that, madam speaker, i yield back. >> i would like to thank donald payne junior from the great state of new jersey and pleasure to have worked with his father

and seele son continue on in his tradition. tonight in his great chamber, we remember the contribution of toe future of the american sprirmt with democracy and i to give role the black women have played in the formation of american possibilities. th■is not such a stretch to stretch that america would be unblefnlg for■■ great citizens were it not for the work of women in this country. where would thisou without eleanor roosevelt. shirley chisholm. diane nash, nancy pelosi, maxine

waters, congresswoman sheila jackson lee. they hold this when men followed their egos and ambition into war and repression, the women stood up tohe madness demanding that the center must hold. and on this side of the aisle we believe every women should have the right for equal right to equal vote and resources available to any man. we believe when at all possible, no woman should give her life to giving birth. we believe that the maternal mortality rates of black women is against the bigotry and persistence and on this side of the aisle,ñ( believe every

woman to control what happens to her body and autonomy. how dare any man tell a woman what she can do with her body. any government come between a women and her medical decisions and use a women's bodyñ0 to get elected rather than respecting the fact that every woman is made in of god. that is the difference. this side of the aisle gave the nati supreme justice the first african american women. the other side of the aisle has spent the last r50 years trying to destroy roe versus wade and after they facilitated that

disaster and trying to undermine i.v.f. because that's the difference between this side of the aisle and the other side when it comes to issues. this side of the aisle produced response i will for passing the affordable care act that has allowed millions of people to come out of the suffering shadows and receive"= the health care shadows they deserve. and on the other side of the aisleb■ facilitated racist late of president obama. this side of the aisle facilitated title ix and people are excited to see women playing basketball and we hold dear. title ix prohibits sex-based

discrimination and some have said this is the reason little girls enjoy opportunities that their grandmother never had. on this side of the aisle we believe that every child is precious. and on this side of the aisle, we don't want our sons to have i any more opportunities thanhter. we fight to expand freedom, opportunity and securities of justice regardless of race, class, gender or sexual orientation. he bible when itr anyone else, says our sons and your daughters and let me remind you tod a civt i'm aware of the fact that the movement would not have been

probable were if not probable for black women. they give their gift ofnsight and grit and generosity and support the weight of generocities. i see them all over in chicago and the greater part of illinois. i have encountered them in the churches on the southed side. they they say hi to me in the supermarket and meet me to talk to me about our nation, their need and their lives. the daughters and children of light. today i'm honored to recni today i tip my hat and again you flect in the presence of greatness and grateful for the women in this chamber who are my colleagues. let us never forkt that the

phoning of this great institution and this great country in 1776 and constitution in 1787 never in the imagination that a woman would coos votes as muslim of this body. look what faith can do and hard. so i celebrate each of you, the honorable women that■f serve in this congress and i pray we will continue to create greater room and opportunities for the genius women so we can live up to our highest potential. i yield to representative cherfilus-mccormick. mrs. c

gather here today we must recognize the black women in politics. they have paved the way tha tab. we look back at the historical events like the civil rightsimee their chiropractics and celebrate their achievements is long3% overdue. there is one person i would like to highlight, patrick hall, she, mother, preacher and civil rights activist and key inspiration behind dr. king's speech "i have a dream. quvment and despite experiencing racism and personal tragedies, she was able to follow in her father's footstep and advocate

for social and racial justice and despite being dwsh a key piece to the puzzle of our democratic system and making up 7.8 of the population. and black women are elected to serve, congress and the state legislature. black womene given 110% in leading and serving as p lawyers and plaintiffs, organiz playingy more roles in the background. march is a significant month to honor the contributions of black women. we shouldn't honor the legacy on this single day but to honor every single day. as a black woman continues to struggle for repping, we have the responsibility to ensure pat

lost. we have the possibility to pursue and fight for equality for everyone and make sure that our aquult is event actual. i yield back. mr. jackson: i thank you. madam speaker, thank you. you have my colleagues about women's history and the many great contributions they have made. madam speaker, i am honored to introduce the congressional black caucus chairman, the honorable congressman steven horsford, from the great state of nevada. mr. horsford: i thank congressman jackson and mccormick and i thank

all of the members who have come to honor the start of women's history month and today with my colleagues of the congressional black caucus to commemorate women's black history month and contributions that women and plaque women have made to our nation's during women's history month, we celebrate the generations of black month, courage, sacrifice and patriotism have moved our wrrld forward. black women have been hidden figures leading our figures through air as. from the civil rights movement to serving as a foundation for our community's success, bla women continue to push the

needle. to the co-chairs, just this weekend we were in selma f 59th commemoration of blood sunday. and one of the people that we had the honor of hearing from was ms. king, who was the person who received the letters from dr. martin luther king, junior, en the letter in a birmingham jail. but as she explained that process, it was his handwritten notes on scraps of paper, that was passed to his attorney that ultimate were& written by this black woman that gave us this letter. i went up to her and i thank bey

and being a part of the movement that lid to -- led to the passage of the civil rights legislation. and in 19 will shirley chisholmn congress. she sought to make america live up to its congress that we created all equal and founded the democratic select committee that would becomehe congressional black caucus. i am proud to say that today, we are now,o comprised of the largt membership of ash nation's history. the c.b.c. has grown from 13 members when we were founded 52 years ago to 60 members representing a third of the u.s. population and 20

million and on it is on shirley chisholm's shoulders to protect the very rights of every individual regardless of their circumstance because we believe, as ms. shirley chisholm believed, in a futur where everyone can thrive and achieve their full potential. every day we build on the legacy of representative shirley chisholm, must always speak truth to power and to stand up for the values we hold dear. we remain mindful we must work to push back against efforts that impede progress, including those to roll back women's rights or to cut access to capital and to better opportunities. this month and every month, we will remain mindful we must chas

that persist, particularly for black women in this climate. black ■wmaternal mortality is at an all time high, and access to reproductive care, access to the ballot box, fair diversity, equity, and inclusion in the workplace and in corporate america. and fundamental freedoms are under threat every day. as the conscience of the congress, the congressional black caucus will continueworkig to protect abortion rights, to invest in childcare, to deliver paid leave, and finally achieve pay equity for black women and to close the racial wealth gap in america. these are the priorities that the congressional black caucus believes are important as we uplift the issues of women's history month. again, i want to thank our co-anchors for leading tonight's

special order hour and all of our members, and especially the women of the congressional black caucus. when we started 52 years ago, the c.b.c. was made up of 13 people, 12 men and one black woman. today i'm proud that of the 60 members of the c.b.c., 31 are women, black women, who are leading in the congressional black caucus. we've come a long way. we have a much longer way to go. and i want to thank the members for their work on these important topics. with that i yield back. mr. jackson: i'd like to thank the tireless fighter, our leader, the chairman of the congss steven horsford from the great state of nevada. at this time, i'd like to thank my co-anchor, the honorable sheila cherfilus-mccormick from the great state of florida. madam speaker, you've heard from my distingui african americans'

contribution to american history, women's history month. all issues of great importance tohe constituents, congress, and all americans tonight. with that, madam speaker, i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yields. under the speaker's announced policy of january 9, 2023, the chair recognizes the gentleman from michigan, ms. scholten, for 30 minutes. ms. scholten: thank you so much, madam speaker. each february we come together as a nation to celebrate black history month. while we may have just closed

out black history month, our celebration here in congress ann continues. this year, i had the honor of partnering with the grand rapids african-american museum and archives to elevate the stories of west michigan's heroes, barrier breakers and changemakers who shaped the course of our community and our nation's. i'm proud to offer now these six stories of changemakers from michigan's third congressional district. here are their stories. first, as we stand bridge between february and march, black history month and women's history month, as we just heard from ourssional blact is appropriate to begin with our first story, the story of emma

warren ford. mrs. ford was a well known community organizer who challenged jim crow laws and protested discrimination in the late 19th and e 20th centuries. she began her work in the african methodist episcopal church and the union, the wtcu. at the 1982wtcu state convention in benton, harbor, she was as tt of the work among colored people. she was a founding member of the married ladies 19th century club, hosting meetings and leading activities for the first literary and social club for african-american women in grand rapids. in 1913, mrs. ford was chosen by governor woodbridge ferris to represent the state of michigan at the 50th anniversary celebration of the emancipation

proclamation in new york. what an honor for west michigan. our second story is t story of paul phillips. phillips grew up in omaha, nebraska, where he sat a state record in■z track, earning himsf a scholarship to market university -- marquette university and later he received a p.h.d. in sociology from fisk university. in 1946 he came to grand rapids to work for the borough. passionate about civic work by 1947 he became executive director and secretary of the grand rapids urban leaague where he'd continue to serve for more than 30 years. including through the civil rights struggles of the 1950's and serving as a calm and strong force against racial discrimination.lips was passiont documenting and researching black history in grand rapids

and is one of the most influential contributors to the local history that we know today. in 1951, to the city charter commission, one of the first african-americans elected to public office in grand rapids. he also was the first africa of education. during president gerald ford's time in office, phillips served as consultant on minority citizens' concerns. in 1972, phillips received a honorary doctoratef humane letters from grand valley state university. in 1967, phillips passed away. the paul i. phillips boysnd girls club in grand rapids is named in his honor. the third story is of yvonne little woodward, the sister of malcolm x and a local

leader and advocate in west michigan. yvonne secured her place of recognition as the first african-american telephone operator for michigan bell i her son said she knew if she didn't do the right tng would take years for them to hire another black operator. in grand rapids, the operators took a vote on whether they were willing to work with her. the vote was unanimous except for one who little later won over. frer engagement with customers to the woodland park grocery store to civic involvements, winning people over was at the heart■-■s of hoe interacted with her community. little was often called on to speak in west michigan and elsewhere where children were the audience. focusing always on the next generation.

our next story is mers tate. mers tate defied the odds in the jim crow era and became a college dean and professor, a world traveler and international reporter, and adviser to general dwight d. eisenhower. tate was born 60 milestheast of grand rapids in blanchard, michigan, in 1905. she longed to see the world outside of pine trees and dirt roads and to receive an education. after high school, tate applied to the university of michigan but was recse of the color of her skin. this obstacle did not prevent her from getting an education. she was invited to attend western michigan university by president dwight b. waldo. in 1927, tate became the first african-american to graduate from that institution. in 1935, she went back to school

and became the first african-american to earn a graduate degree from oxford university. her dissertation and scholarly interest focused on disarmament and pursued a full bright fellowship in india. this wealth of experience led her to an appointment as andd visor to general eisenhower on international relations. it also formed the basis for her continued scholarly work on the subject. her second book, "the united states and armaments" was widely used by the department of state and committee for world development and world disarmament. in 1984, the department named dr. tate one of three americanss at a unesco seminar. tate made history throughout her career. in 1941, she became the first african-american female to earn a p.h.d. in political science from harvard university.

in 1970, she became the first african-american to receive a distinguished alumni award from western michigan university. tate was a college professort ig barber skosha university and howard university where she taught from 1942-1977. she spoke five languages, traveled the world twice, was an international reporter for baltimore's afro-american newspaper and worked as a photographer, filmmaker, and researcher for the u.s. state department. all while being a college professor. tate passed away in 1966 at the age of 91. she has left millions to institutes of higher learning that looked beyond her race and gender to provide her with a stellar education and to inspire her to impact the world in many

areas for generations to come. we next have a pair of stories, those of major denzel harvey and dr. robert garrison. dr. harvey -- major harvey, excuse me, and dr. garrison both have strong connections to the it is keegan community and served as tuskegee airmen in world war ii. denzel was born at hackly hospital and graduated from it is keegan high school. in high school he earned a letter in track where i was only just one of a in 1941, harvey enlisted in the u.s. air force as a private first class and by 1942 had been sent to air corps advanced flight school in tuskegee, alabama, where he joined the 99th fighter squadron. the 99th fighter squadron in 1943 was assigned to north

africa flyings on support missi. they joined up with other african-american aviation units there to create the 33 2nd fighter group.■o■# the 99th eventually moved to italy where the group served as fighes b-24 bombers. in bombing raids over the mediterranean and europe. it was the bombing crews that gave the group its name, the red tails. the national park service tuskegee exhibit notes the transition from training to actu combat wasn't always smooth, given the racial tensions of the time. however, the air men overcame the posed by segregation. in 1942, harvey eventually began serving temporarily as a it was. at the start of the world war, there were only 12

african-american officers in the as■ a captain, harvey once had a corpsman who refused to salute him. with, you're going to salute the uniform if you don't salute me. she said it made it look easy but it was never easy because dealing withm was never easy. garrison's daughter, judy rogers, says her father was reluctant to talk about the war until she was 45 years old. she never knew that he had been a tuskegee airman. he was proud of himself. but i can't say he actually enjoyed being in the war. dr. robert gareson was from ohio but spent his entire post-war adult life working in muskegon after being hired by the hospital in 1958. he didn't much talk about his work or his service and for many

years he was known mostlyor hi work as a doctor in the community. harvey rn earned a degree from muskie began --■ muskegon community college. he later returned to the air force taking his family with him to far-flung bases. he finished his career working in the city of detroit's municipal courts. his daughter, judy rogers, sd he was the area's only black physician for several years. in 1971, garrison became the first black member of theskegond of trustees. he served for 10 years as a trustee for the community foundation for muskegon county. finally, to close out this moment of reflection, we have the story of a story teller. i'd like to honor the grand rapids african-american museum and archives' own george baird.

a longtime grand rapidian, every single day george is working to african-american history and keep memories alive for future generations. i couldn't be more grateful for his friendship, in this project, and our shared work together for our west michigan community. george, this is for you. your passion and dedication to telling the stories of black west michiganders ensures that t contained just to a single month, but that we recognize the contributions ofbt african-americans in our community every day. thank you. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the chair would remind all members■ to maintain proper decorum in the chamber. does the gentlewoman from a

motion? ms. scholten: i move that the house do now adjourn. the speaker pro tempore: the question is on the motion to adjourn. those in favor say aye. those opposed, no. the aye. accordingly the house stands adjourned until 10:00 a.m. tomorrow morning for bis -- 14 bills including one helping to prevent illegal drugs. tomorrow they will take up bills for science, interior, military cotruction and transportation. the legislation would avert a partial government shutdo nightn delivers the state of the union. live