policy. and then nick penniman, the founder and ceo of issue one talked about the groups's efforts to boost election security and integrity heading into the fall elections. c-span's washington journal, join in the conversation live at 7:00 eastern on tuesday morning on c-span or on line at c-span.org. >> the senate impehmt trial of alejandro mayorkas is set for this wednesday when impeachment managers will deliver the articl impeachment to the senate which puhe secretary with willful refusal to comply wi the law. a full trial will -- it is possible senators coul to dismiss the charges immediately or refer the matter tocial committee. watch as the process u

live on c-span2, c-span now or online at c-span.org. >> coming up next, look at the 2024 total solar eclipse from various cities throughout the u.s. total solar eclipses occur when the moon completely blocks the light of the sun while passing between the sun and the earth. it is a rare occurrence that won't happen again in the u.s. for another 20 years. coverage of this attempt is -- of this event is presented by nasa tv. >> joining us live is bill nelson. thumbs up to you, administrator. why are solar eclipses so unique , a unique opportunity to study our son? >> you have the alignment of three celestial bodies. and unique things happen when that occurs. and it has a profound effect

here on earth. think about it, the middle of the day and all of a sudden it gets totally dark. and us earthlings are not accustomed to that nor are the other middle earthlings, the animals. but it is also an opportunity for us to study much more one of those celestial bodies and that is our star, our son. and our star in our solar system. and we can find out more about that gaseous explosion that is coming out from the core of the sun when we can see it better and we can see it better because we are not looking at the bright ball. you are suddenly looking at the corona, the mass of gases coming out from the edge of the sun. >> you don't have to be a

scientist to study this event. how do we get help from people across the country? >> by asking them. make a note of anything that you observe and share that with us. >> we have to take precautions with viewing a solar eclipse. remind everyone what we should be doing today. >> you have some glasses. the glasses are absolutely essential. you want to put these on as it is starting to have that moon move in front of the sun. we don't want you to damage your eyes. and it is incredible. you put the glasses on and all of a sudden you cannot see a thing. but when you look at the sun, you will be protected. >> thank you for your time.

let's head back to james at the eclipse board. >> the countdown is on your day a few minutes before the eclipse makes landfall in mazatlan, mexico. it will move rapidly onto where we have a live feed covering this event. super excited for that big moment. let's go to our moon board. i will zoom in. scarlett johansson had a question earlier about rippling effect that we see with the eclipse shadow. at first glance you might think it is low resolution. the inverse is true. this is incredibly high resolution. because of data we have been gathering at our moon for more than 10 years thanks to an orbiter which has been mapping our nearest neighbor with incredible resolution getting every single little valley,

crater or mountain. all the imperfections on the moon are contributing to that shadow we see rippling across the country. looking from space, you see that cool effect of the rippling. let's review some things to come. mas outline had that last -- mas zatlan had that last sliver of sun. you will have a long duration there appeared it sounds like a lot of time but it will move like that. for all of our locations on this path of totality, set a timer on your watch or phone to remind yourself to look outside and experience is. you don't want to miss this. if you do you have a long time to wait for another one in 2045. you just saw some footage from cleveland. it is a little cloudy in some

places. we hope it clears out in time for us to have a beautiful view. in a few moments, this eclipse will be coming up in mexico. for now, this is exciting and the countdown is on. this is the last little bit -- i'm keeping an eye on the weather. and a note -- if you see this icon, it previews the expected eclipse at a given time. these features are clickable. you can get an idea of what it will look like in your neck of the woods. the big moment is coming up here >> as you can see, we just have a tiny sliver left of the sun in mexico. we expect totality in one minute and 35 seconds. joining us now is an astrophysicist from nasa out. tell us about the signs that nasa is going to conduct right now. >> the science they will conduct

include flying planes over so we can see the solar corona, the hot atmosphere around the sun that we will get once we reach totality. >> it is almost there. we have a view right now of inside the cockpit of one of those be 57th. this is going to be a huge part of what we do in mexico. there it is. we are looking out and it looks like we might -- we are seeing a lot of clouds but hopefully a shadow as we are coming in to totality. these are carrying three different experiments. two to look at the sun and one to look at our atmosphere. we are trying to figure out how the ionosphere will rest on to this. >> you say there is a shadow

already overland. we have a shot also of the coast. the fact that it is already going over. what is cool about all of this is that we have eyes all over this thing because we are collecting so much data. >> we also have rockets on the others are the country being launched appeared there is the diamond ring! i feel the energy. the craters and the peaks and valleys of the moon, we are seeing the last bit getting through and now totality. you are starting to see the pink figures out there sticking out. totality here in mexico, the first community in north america to experience the moon completely eclipsing the sun. if you are in mazatlan right

now, it is now safe to remove your glasses for the next auto minutes. you mentioned the pink forms we are seeing. >> the pink filaments are helium rich. it could be one of those explosions for space weather. >> can you explain why space weather is so important to us on earth? >> it is not just satellites interested in space weather but also our power grids. occlusions could damage our power grids and interfere with gps. we are looking to understand it better. >> some of the movement we are seeing, the telephone operator is adjusting because they need

to make some changes with totality. i cannot believe how crisp it is -- the view of it is so crisp with those filaments which are amazing. to see those with such accuracy. >> and the white fuzz, you are seeing something that is a million degrees hanging out all around the sun. 3 billion earth's can fit inside there. there is a lot of atmosphere there. one thing we are addressing -- there we go. our pilot. >> he is going to fly to try to chase down the shadow for as long as possible. >> that shadow is faster than the plane but they can chase it for a while and get an extra two

minutes. on the ground we can get four and a half minutes but in the air they can get six and a half minutes. >> they are in night. it is really dark with just some light on the horizon. >> wherever we see totality, the night sky is very dark. you will see twilight around. >> what an amazing vantage point as well. my gosh. i am very jealous. are you jealous? >> i am a little jealous. i want to see if we can make a faster plane to follow it the whole way. >> we want to say a big thank you to the pilot and the team supporting him for that view which is awesome. kelly, you have a wealth of knowledge. if you are interested in learning more from her and other experts, there is a series of nasa's curie -- curious universe

podcast. that qr code will pop up on the screen and take you straight to the episode. we are showing you amazing views during this podcast. a big thank you to the research institute for providing those telescope views from mazatlan. >> there is a collection of teams across the country studying the intersection of science and exploration helping us get ready for our next trip by humans to the moon. >> totality is about to end in mazatlan. >> we are watching for the diamond ring fx which is when the first bright light -- we are put your glasses on to protect your beautiful eyes. we are going back to the partial phase. >> kelly, that is a filter, that

is why you are seeing that. when you said put on your glasses, i'm so trained to do it. [laughter] we are fine in cleveland. what we are seeing is because we needed to adjust the filter. it is basically like putting on our glasses. the way that you said people on the ground need to put on their glasses, our telescope operators need to protect their own eyes and their equipment. i appreciate your time with us. it was fun to learn about the science and see the eclipse. thank you so much. as you can see, there is a lot to learn about the sun and our eclipses. to explain it all, nasa developed a clever game called "map it." we have another qr code coming up on your screen. all you have to do is screen grab it and you can check out that game. also the website, if it is easier for you. ok. so nasa can predict total solar

eclipse's path to a high degree of accuracy because of that launch 15 years ago. the spacecraft is now helping our artemis 2 astronauts, who will be orbiting the moon next year. ♪ >> nasa's next step in establishing a long-term presence on the moon is sending four astronauts to fly around it with the artemis two mission. part of the training has been to study images from the lunar reconnaissance orbiter. or lro. the spacecraft launched in 2000 -- in 2009 and continues to use seven instruments, including a high-resolution camera to help us learn more about the moon's surface. because of lro, we now know more about the moon's typography than any other planetary body in the solar system, including earth. the artemis 2 crew used photographs to learn how to identify lunar landmarks that

they will see from orbits and to seek out sites of scientific interest, like possible landing spots for future explorers. while helpful for missions, people back here on earth also use lro's. the moon's shadow will change throughout the eclipse, depending on the lunar terrain and elevation of observers on earth. people could even see an arc of solar diamonds around the moon. as sunlight peeks through features like craters. that is a look at your artemis moon minute. ♪ >> joining us is a familiar face. sorry, snoopy. i just revealed that it is snoopy. just outside of our host desk, they are waiting at us and we're waving back at them.

i did spoil the surprise. we have snoopy here, our chief safety officer here at nasa. he is here to tell us how to safely watch the eclipse. snoopy, if we were to watch eclipse today, before totality, what should we do? that's right, you should have your glasses on. that's right. >> what about during totality? can we take them off? >> snoopy, i can see your shining bright eyes. i love snoopy. he's so funny. i have to ask you a question. so today we have been polling everybody, asking for the total solar eclipse, who is the big star of the show? is it the earth? is it the earth? is it the moon? is it the sun? ok, but you have to pick one. you don't want to pick one? [laughter] all of them are great. that's right. snoopy, thank you so much. i know you are excited to see the total solar eclipse. we are glad to have you here. bye!

let's head back over to texas. >> all right. thank you. what an incredible view. as you can see on your screen, folks, we are less than one minute away from the eclipse crossing over mexico. how fast is the moon's shadow moving right now? >> it is flying. it is going about 1900 mph. as we are chasing it across the u.s.. >> that is incredible. here in mexico we are able to see the diamond ring effect. hopefully, we will be able to see that right now. >> yeah, we are watching that live feed. >> just to see this crossing the moon. -- crossing over the moon. wow. look at this. we are about 10 seconds away. >> here we go. >> let's take it in. >> wow.

what a spectacular thing. totality. >> there you have it. >> that diamond ring came through. we see a little bit, as we are looking at it, those lights trickling through the surface of the moon, coming through the peaks and valleys. >> so, what are reviewing on the left-hand side? this almost pink color effect. >> as we heard from the last totality, these pink fingers are popping out a little bit. those are the solar prominences that appear pink. because of the helium ridge. let's focus on the corona, that glow that we are getting. we can see basically these streams coming out. a lot of that energy and brightness that we do not have the ability to see it on a day-to-day basis. so with this total eclipse, we can see that corona coming through nice and bright. >> that is just a magical view. oh my goodness. we have 70 questions coming in -- so many questions coming in

online. our first one from justin, justin wants to know what it will look like if it is clouded over. >> the view you are getting right now, you will not be able to see this view if it is clouded over, but you will get a different effect going on. you will get a change in the temperature. the temperature will drop. it is noticeably darker. feeling a little extra wind. noticeably colder despite the clouds that we have. you will get those environmental effects even if it is cloudy where you are. >> a great follow-up. they want to know, will the temperature change during totality? he said it will get cooler. do you know by how many degrees? >> it depends on humidity, but it can change by about 20° or so, depending on where you are. may more than that.

we are feeling a little chilly compared to earlier. i'm just staring at this view of totality that we have right now. >> we are halfway through totality in mexico. this is almost double totality. compared to 2017. >> that's right. in 2017, we had a little more than two minutes. we had over four minutes in some places. >> this is so beautiful. our next question from instagram, why is the sun more active right now? >> the sun is more active because we have 11 years solar cycle. it goes from solar maximum to solar minimum where it is changing it level of activity. -- its level of activity. on the bottom right, we can see that prominence extending out. that is potentially the beginning of space weather activity. if there is a time to see any of

that space weather activity during the total solar eclipse, this is the time to do it. let's watch that as we go through totality. our other locations, too. maybe we will be lucky to see the features change for us. >> that is so beautiful. >> it is. >> how -- we are in a higher solar cycle right now, how many years? >> the solar cycle goes on for about 11 years. when a peaks and activity -- it peaks in activity, that's where we are. the latest prediction is that we will reset sometime this year and go back to solar minimum. >> i have time for one more quick question from christopher -- he wants to know what other planets have the best eclipses. >> they do not only happen on earth. let's talk about mars. mars has two moons. and the rovers on the surface

have captured images. but no other planet has quite a view like this. it is special for us, just the distance and size of the moon makes it such that it will completely block the sun, as it is doing today. >> wow. >> and you can see that diamond ring effect, as we are coming out of totality. >> what an incredible view. >> it's a bright one, too. >> that is going to be that diamond ring. how bright it is. a little bit smaller over the surface. folks in that location should have the safety glasses back on, so they can view the partial eclipse they are experiencing. >> it's fantastic. the next time we see this eclipse, it will be in texas. the countdown is on. we have about 10 minutes before we see this with our own eyes. big moment right here in kerrville. let's check back in with lauren.

she's at the indianapolis motor speedway. >> thanks. we are getting close to the eclipse ourselves. but right now, we have a very special guest, the deputy administrator and former astronaut. pam, good to see you. >> it's great to be here. i'm very excited. >> what is it like to be in indianapolis for an event like this? >> it's a beautiful day and i love the fact that we are here with thousands of people at the indianapolis motor speedway. we are joining with millions of people around america, looking up together, to the sky. >> absolutely. is this your first eclipse? >> it's not, but it will be my first totality. i have seen several partial eclipses, but there is something mystical and mysterious, and in some ways, unifying about an -- about a total eclipse. and we are going to feel it together. >> we could not have lucked out more on the weather today. as a former astronaut, we know

that sun science and the weather is important for keeping astronauts safe. what is safe weather? why do we care about it? what is nessa doing to study it -- nasa doing to study it? >> it is very important. it is of concern for astronauts in space because they experience radiation of the sun that comes from solar flares and solar weather. but the reality is, it is also affecting life on earth. it impacts the upper reaches of our atmosphere, called the ionosphere. which is an electrified part of our atmosphere. that is a conduit for communication. it is critically important. it can even affect power grids. if you have seen the northern lights, you have seen the effect of solar weather. really the focus for today is where it starts, which is in the corona. the sun's atmosphere. it is very unusual and we do not exactly know what is happening

because it is millions of degrees hotter. we are hoping to learn today more about how that happens and why that happens to better predict solar flares and things that impact us on earth. >> that is all extremely important and something that we are learning a lot today. thank you for joining us today. as we have learned, solar eclipses are important for many reasons. we have radio telescope operators who are studying the eclipse today for this very reason. let's take a look at that work. >> when the moon blocks the sun during a solar eclipse, there is a noticeable effect on earth and the atmosphere. the ionosphere. these changes can affect radio communication, including imagery radio -- amateur radio, also also known as hand radio. >> ham radio is a way you can talk to people all around the world. you set up a radio and antenna. you talk into the radio, it sends it up into the antenna, the antenna sends it into the sky, it bounces off of the

electrified layers of the sky, and back down to the earth. and you can talk to the other person on the other. >> during the 2024 total solar eclipse, the project is inviting ham radio operators to translate -- to transmit radio signals. the goal is to make as many radio contacts as they can with operators at different locations during the celestial event. i recording -- by recording how strong that radio signals are and how far they go, operators and scientists can learn about how the ionosphere changes during solar eclipses. >> sometimes you can talk around the world and sometimes you cannot. it is based on what the ionosphere is doing, what the sun is doing. when it works, you are able to talk to these faraway places. i find that really magical. >> to learn how you can participate, follow us on x and facebook. >> we are minutes away from the

total solar eclipse over texas. the temperature is dropping. throw on a jacket. the sky is dimming and we are on the edge of our seats. we are joined by an astronaut and commander of the artemis 2 mission, reid wiseman. it is an honor to have you here. >> it's wonderful. >> i know. thank you for being here. we are ready. >> we are ready. >> it is exciting. tell us, have you seen a total solar eclipse before? >> never a total. i will be sharing this with you for the first time. >> wow, this is incredible. what considerations do you and your fellow astronauts need to think about when traveling back to the moon? related to the sun? >> it's great to see pamela roy. nice to see a friend of mine over there in indianapolis.

it is really radiation that is the big thing. the solar radiation is the big danger from the sun. the apollo astronauts dealt with it, and we have dealt with it for a long time on international -- on the international station. we think we know what we will encounter. >> great. tell me, how does it feel to be the commander of the mission going back to the moon? every day that i go into work is fun. i'm flying with people who have principles, integrity and so much knowledge and professionalism. it is a dream come true. and getting to work as a team, the international team is the best. >> thank you so much for being here with us. really quickly, do you have any advice for anybody who might want to follow in your foot? -- your footsteps? >> we always say go all in on it

and live your best life. be as good of a professional as you can. apply for the program. we look forward to seeing your application. >> good luck on your upcoming mission. >> thank you. great to be here. >> if anybody feels like reaching for the stars, nasa is actually currently accepting applications to be an astronaut. you can one day travel to the moon or mars. from teachers, scientists, to even those in the armed forces, we are looking for a diverse group to take humanity further into the cosmos. you can apply now through april 16 by visiting nasa's website. timing is everything when it comes to pulling off successful science during an event like today. let's hear from a special guest who knows a thing or two about perfect alignment. ♪

>> i am paul, shortstop for the chicago white sox. what does it take to do my job? you have to know your physics. i specialize in predicting the path of fast-moving objects. you have to know when and where to paths will -- two paths cross, just like nasa needs know where the sun, moon, and earth will align. working it all out on the whiteboard is one thing, but seeing it in action as a wholew -- is a whole other ballgame. on april 8, you can see just what i mean as a total solar eclipse crosses the united states. nasa has a detailed map of the moon's surface, so we will know exactly where it falls. you know where to be to see the eclipse in person. don't miss your chance to miss the beauty of science in action and maybe catch a ballgame.

♪ >> we are under two minutes away from the totality here in kerrville, texas. this will mark the start of our eclipse coverage across america. now, we have a little bit of cloud cover right now in kerrville, so we are showing the dallas feed. but again, we are holding out hope. the associate administrator of nasa science mission director is here. nicky, thank you for being here. >> i would not be anywhere else. >> tell us how the science conducted today will really impact the future of exploration at nasa science. >> there is so much we will be doing today. we will be studying the sun, the earth's atmosphere, how that changes. >> you can see it.

>> i'm going to hold it up. >> i love magnetometers. >> we will have them all the way across the path of totality. >> oh, my goodness. >> my goodness. wow. >> ok. >> glasses on. >> yes, glasses on, but we are about to get -- >> it is trying. it is trying. it is getting dark here. the winds pick up. you can see the birds started flying in a weird pattern a minute ago. >> oh, my goodness. >> wow. >> we are they are nearly there. >> wow! [cheers and applause] >> yes!

[laughter] >> woo! >> wow. >> woo-hoo! >> oh, my goodness. >> it is the corona! >> it is amazing. look at that. oh, my goodness. that is amazing. [laughter] look how dark it is. >> yes. it is just a white ring. >> a white ring. >> it is so dark. >> wow. >> planes, helicopters, drones. >> it is amazing. >> yes! woo-hoo! >> oh my god. that's amazing.

and we have about, what, four minutes? >> yes, four minutes, 25 seconds. >> it just reminds you that we are on this planet, and you have to be on this planet to see what we are seeing. >> that's true. that is what you have to be on the sun, earth, and moon. you need the moon for the eclipse, you need the sun for the eclipse. >> we are standing on the earth. >> oh, man. >> all of nasa science represented by a total solar eclipse. >> and something that, what, over 30 million of us -- >> at least. >> in the path of totality. >> absolutely. >> and how many people traveled here. >> this is getting me extra excited about all the science. >> all the science we are doing. yes. >> those clouds are playing tricks on us now. they are being pretty mean. >> it was nice to get a taste, though.

>> yeah. >> so dark. >> i'm so happy that the folks that traveled are able to see this take place. >> such a great atmosphere all day. every time the sun comes out. everybody cheers. >> there is cheering, counting down. it has been incredible. >> nicky, what is your favorite part about an eclipse? is this your first? >> no, this is my second one. 2017, i was in nebraska, and i saw it there. but i think you can study the sun, you can study the corona, but suddenly you see it with your own eyes, and you have that feeling of, wow, that is our star. that is not the sun anymore, and you see it looking like a star. as we study, as we look for exoplanets in other galaxies that might be able to support life, you know, we need to understand our relationship here

on this planet with that star. it is just so important. when you see it, you are just like, wow, it actually is a star. it is not just a bright point in the sky. you can see the structure. you can see how exciting the sun is and how dynamic it is. >> yeah. and it is not often we can actually see the science we are doing with our own eyes. >> that is right. a rare experience. >> even sharing it. millions of us. that is great. >> millions partake. >> it is pretty windy too, here. >> it is windy. >> so, earlier in the show, we mentioned total solar eclipses might only pass through a certain location and only happen every 375 years. can you explain why we don't see one every month? >> because the moon's orbit is actually tilted. and so most of the time, when it passes in front, and doesn't block out the light for us. at this particular time, it is

right between the earth and the sun, it is actually at its closest point to the earth, so in the plane of the sky, the sky, the moon is exactly the same size as the sun, and that is very unique. >> that is so special, too. >> what are the odds? >> it is 400, the difference between -- the distance between the earth and the moon is 400 times closer and the size is 400 times larger, too. >> the eclipse. >> yeah. >> we are taking this eclipse across north america. >> the sun wants to come out again. >> the crowd. >> you can hear the crowd. they are getting excited. >> we are hopeful. >> channeling all that good energy. >> this has been crazy all day. >> it is so crazy, too, how dark it was midday. >> yep. >> wow.

and we are starting to get the light back. >> yep. so, unfortunately, we did not see the diamond ring at the end of the eclipse, because of the clouds which is always a crowd pleaser. but we did see it, right before totality, there was suddenly this beautiful bright, one light, that it all went dark. -- then it all went dark. we actually did see quite a few great features on the sun, and somebody said they could see a sunspot. obviously through their glasses. but they could see a sunspot. >> can you clarify what the sunspots are, for our viewers? >> yeah. absolutely. if you are looking through your glasses, you might have seen a couple of dark spots on the sun. they are very intense places, very intense magnetic fields that are very active, and that is what can cause weather. every now and then, they can explode, and some material can go towards our planet.

>> fantastic. thank you. incredible to experience this with you. let's follow the eclipse right up the path. next up is dallas. we are joining joy and michael kirk for their big moment in the sun. >> yeah. you can feel the temperature change. the wind has completely quieted down. >> the energy here is amazing. with me right now is dr. michael kirk, one of our experts. today is a total eclipse. how are you feeling today? dr. kirk: it is totally different. i am ecstatic. the eclipse is really cool. you can feel it. the energy here is electric. joy: if you look around, you can see the darkness is coming. let's have a quick look. we are almost there. we are a couple of minutes away. dr. kirk: just a crescent left. joy: let's look at some of the ways public are participating.

can you talk about the science projects? dr. kirk: yes, there are people all around the country right now making measurements of audio recordings, to see how the environment is changing, and it is a great opportunity to do genuine science with audio recorders. joy: fantastic. so, we are only a few minutes away, 1:30, actually. let's have a look at the eclipse. so, michael, what should we expect to see what was before -- moments before totality? dr. kirk: you will see the crescent sun slowly drift away, then the speeds, slight hosts of light, cascading through the moon's valleys, and then right before totality, you will see a diamond ring, that last, single point of light, then we will be in totality. we just have a thumbnail of sun left. we are closing in on totality here. joy: wow, you see a sliver of the sun left.

remember, you can only take the safety glasses off when the moon has completely covered the side, -- the sun, and in dallas, texas, we are only seconds away. dr. kirk: my goodness, i can feel my heart racing to the -- and the crowd is getting excited. the birds are chirping as they feel like they are going into a nighttime routine. joy: wow. we are seconds away,you can hear the crowd cheering. dr. kirk: my goodness. this is absolutely ecstatic. just a few seconds more. joy: 10 seconds. dr. kirk: i'm so excited. joy: we are five seconds away from totality. [laughter] dr. kirk: totally dark, deep twilight around here. and totality. [cheers and applause] woo! oh, my gosh. that is absolutely breathtaking.

joy: oh, my god, michael, how are you feeling right now? dr. kirk: i am just awestruck. i mean, there are a few high clouds, but the beauty of the corona is clearly visible. you can see the spiky structure just poking out. it is heart stopping and beautiful. joy: i have tears in my eyes. i was not expecting this. dr. kirk: this is one of those experiences that you never forget, i feel so special to be right here, right now, experiencing it, and knowing that people literally across the nation are doing the scene is truly amazing. -- the same is truly amazing. joy: let's take a moment to take it all in. this is absolutely breathtaking. dr. kirk: wow. you can see that spiky structure in the corona.

that is indicative of our approach to solar maximum, that asymmetrical nature of the corona happens, going to be happening a few months from now. the view of the corona will never happen again, ever. this is a completely unique view. even if you see one million solar eclipses, you will never see another one like this. joy: what is it like for you to see the corona you don't normally see? dr. kirk: i mean, there are no words. i spent my whole life studying this. to be able to see it and feel it, it is tremendous. you see a prominence in the chromosphere. that pink spot in the atmosphere, and that is what i spent five years doing a dissertation on, that one little pink loop, and it was in perspective. joy: i can see those pink loops. i can't believe how clearly i

can see those pink loops. dr. kirk: they are brightly shining in the sky, a few planets as well. there is a plane racing across the shadow right now. joy: i want to take a moment -- a moment to say a huge thanks to our telescope operator for providing these views. this is just so, so stunning. dr. kirk: yeah. people are applauding here, as you can hear. i think everyone here is getting exactly where they came from, just that sense of their place in the universe. this is our closest star, so being able to see a star like this is truly special. joy: we have one minute left of the totality. dr. kirk: the time has passed too quickly. joy: the next will not happen in the u.s. for another 20 years, so this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for a lot of people. dr. kirk: absolutely. our friends in alaska will see

their next eclipse in 2033. i'm already thinking i need to go there. it doesn't matter what i have to do, i have to go there. joy: as totality ends, let's cherish these last few moments of totality in dallas, texas. michael, what will happen right before totality ends? dr. kirk: as totality ends, we will go through the process in reverse, maybe a diamond ring, a few bailey speeds as the sun creeps out from totality, and then we will go into a crescent sun again. there is the diamond ring again. time to put your glasses back on. joy: sunglasses -- i'm sorry, eclipse glasses back on. wow. the sliver of the sun.

dr. kirk: you can see shadow bands on the ground right now. looks like it is almost raining. you can see shadow bands racing across the ground as it comes back in out of totality. joy: wow. oh, my goodness, michael, that was amazing. i was not expecting to feel so emotional. i still have tears in my eyes. dr. kirk: it just grabs you. it is unlike anything else. it is as amazing as seeing anything in the natural universe. i just -- like i said, there are no words. joy: michael, thank you so much for being with us in this very special moment. dr. kirk: i feel honored to be here. we truly are in a special place in the entire universe, right here, and i am so happy to share it with you. joy: let's head back to james at nasa's kennedy center, talking about the shadow moon crossing the u.s. how are things on your end? james: wow, yeah, joy and michael, it is amazing how dark

it gets, you can hear the birds chirping as well in the gardens. absolutely beautiful. we have a bunch coming. the next eclipse target is in russellville, arkansas, they will have a long window, too, four minutes and 12 seconds. they are expecting the totality at 1:50 to be exact. again, as you continue to track this with our eclipse tool, you can see just how quickly it is moving. i'm playing this in real time. you can see that shadow moving very quickly to the northeast. the fun is not just for our friends on the path of totality, and there are a lot of people in the path of totality, about 31 million people reside somewhere on the path of totality, but there are a lot of people outside of that path. in terms of the percent coverage, a lot of folks, us included in florida are experiencing that partial eclipse, as always, if you are in a partial eclipse, be sure to

wear those eclipse glasses. these bands here are greater than 75%. if you are watching in milwaukee, for example, you got a great view, almost 100%. 89 point 4%, looks like you've got good cloud cover, 20% cloud cover. hopefully you have a nice view up there as well, too. i've also put this overlay so you can see the duration of totality. a lot of places are within this middle band getting more than four minutes. it may seem like a lot of time, but you can see how quickly that can go by. michael, it sounds like you wrote a dissertation, a five-year piece on those few moments. again, if you missed it, the next time in the u.s. is not going to be until 2045. so again make sure you are previewing exactly when to see that peak time of coverage wherever you are in the path of totality or even outside the path of totality. a lot coming up very soon. our friends in russellville, looks like they got right

coverage -- great coverage there, too, only 9% cloud cover, so hopefully they are getting a really nice view. let's check in with jazmine, hopefully you are looking good. how is it looking your way up in russellville? jasmine: everything is looking absolutely fabulous here in russellville. we could not have asked for better weather. we are back here in the downtown depot area. joining us now is helio physics expert dr. patrick koehn, all the way from d.c. how are you feeling? dr. koehn: i am incredibly excited. as i'm watching the changes, i'm thinking back to the textbooks that i've read. it was all academic before. this is different. jasmine: this is very different. describe the atmosphere around us as it is changing. dr. koehn: the temperature has been falling for the last 20, 30 minutes. but the light is dimming faster and faster and seems like it is accelerating. the crowd is definitely getting excited. i'm looking around the ground,

to see if i see the shadow snakes. i don't. but this is really exciting. jasmine: it really is. the crowd behind us just erupted. we are hearing them falling little bit quieter, too. we are going to take a beat of silence as we get into totality. we are less than about 15 seconds away. we will also look over our shoulder whether glasses still on until we are in totality. here we go. just a sliver of the sun left. dr. koehn: here we go. the crowd is getting excited. jasmine: yeah. the crowd all around us, completely electric. dr. koehn: going. going. wow. jasmine: oh, my goodness. here we are.

and the crowd goes wild. wow! dr. koehn: oh, my, we've got some baily's beads. jasmine: absolutely stunning. dr. koehn: we see venus over to the side there. jasmine: and, patrick, it came and went so quickly, but we did see a diamond ring. what is that? dr. koehn: sure. that diamond ring effect is due to the moon not being completely smooth. it has mountains, valleys. we just watched the sun set through a valley on the bone. -- on the moon. jasmine: absolutely stunning. dr. koehn: oh, my. jasmine: you said the planet, we can see it. any other we are looking at? dr. koehn: yeah. we've got venus to the one side, we've got jupiter up here to the left of the sun. and there is the corona. jasmine: absolutely beautiful.

dr. koehn: that is spectacular. jasmine: you said this is happening during what we call a solar maximum. does that mean the sun is stronger right now than normal? dr. koehn: not so much stronger, just more dynamic. it's changing a lot. the magnetic fields on the sun is more chaotic, more disorganized. so you see random durations, for -- random directions for just what is leaving the sun. that is spectacular. jasmine: all right, we are reaching that halfway mark already, two minutes into totality. dr. koehn: there is even just a hint of a diamond ring down at the bottom. jasmine: i can see it. we are looking at a diamond ring. from arkansas. the diamond state. as we have been talking about it, this is part of what we are calling a heliophysics big year,

you are a heliophysics extraordinaire from washington, d.c. what does that mean? dr. koehn: the heliophysics big year started out in october, and we take a cause here in the -- pause here in the middle to watch this particular eclipse, but that it will end on december 24th of 2024 when parker solar probe passes as close as it will ever get to the surface of the sun, within nine solar radii. jasmine: you worked on it 20 years ago. i'm sure it means a lot to you. tell us more about that. dr. koehn: i worked on a concept study for parker solar probe back when i was a graduate student in 2002, and the idea was for us to dive into the sun rather than orbit the sun, so it was going to be a sun dive. jasmine: wow. that is fabulous. this must be a very full circle moment for you. dr. koehn: this is absolutely brilliant. and that diamond ring -- wait a minute. that is pink. what we are seeing is down into

the chromosphere now of the sun. we are seeing a little bit deeper than the corona, i believe -- i believe, because of the pinkish color, we are looking at the chromosphere, which is the next layer of the sun down. wow. jasmine: wow. this is like nothing we've seen here in arkansas, and we will not see it again for the next two decades. dr. koehn: right, 2045. before we see it again here. jasmine: as we exit totality, we will be careful with our eyes, as needed, we will put those glasses back on, of course. and the crowd, just erupting, falling quiet again. dr. koehn: wow. i'm actually seeing bats fluttering through the air. jasmine: nocturnal animals are coming out. dr. koehn: as far as they are

concerned, it is nighttime, so it is time for them to feed, so they are coming out to feed on the mosquitoes that are going to be sweating. jasmine: we will be careful. all right, we are putting those glasses back on. wow, the second diamond ring, seeing them right here in arkansas, the diamond state, absolutely stunning. dr. koehn: outstanding. jasmine: beautiful. patrick, one question i do have to ask you before we let you go, are you team sun, moon, or earth? dr. koehn: i am team sun, team sun all day long. jasmine: i figured from a helio physics expert like you. we want to thank the city of russellville for hosting us. our telescope feed operator. now, let's get back to james over at the kennedy center. james, back to you. james: yeah. thanks so much, jasmine.

you can see that shadow has now officially moved off and is on our way to our next target, which is us here in carbondale, -- up here in carbondale, which is one of those lucky cities, because in 2017, they were right at the intersection point of the 2017 eclipse across america. they are there again this year. they will have a much longer slot. in 2017, they only had 2:14, but now, they will have 4:10, a really great viewing window for them to take in this big moment. very exciting to track that for them as well. also some details about this tool is, if i click onto the eclipse time, you notice this little icon comes up here. this is based off of real data from the parker solar probe. as you've heard, the sun is more active this time around.

kind of like a wild hairball if you will. lots of different streamers, streaking off the sun. really cool activity around the sun's corona. if you're really lucky and the timing is just right, you might get a coronal mass ejection streaking off the sun. hoping that somebody gets to see that today. if you do, be sure to send us a photo. another cool feature is you can see the actual path that the moon will be taking around the -- taking across the sun. you can actually see as i go to our live moment here, this is what we are expecting in real time, carbondale had a little crescent, and you can see that shadow is closing quickly. let me turn off the 2017 path, you can see, mirroring totality. the weather is looking great. we have been checking all morning and afternoon. 27% cloud cover. that is coming up that 1:59:15. really excited. it will be bang-bang for a

while. we will be moving on to indianapolis all the way of to our final target in maine bang. there's a lot coming up, if you are in the path of totality have glasses at the ready to be able to observe that partial eclipse. this is going to be going on for a while. for now, let's take a look at carbondale and see what it is looking like. how is it looking in carbondale? [applause] >> a couple more minutes. well, the crowd is going wild in carbondale. bob baer is with us. bob, i know it is not quite ready yet, but tell us what you expect for the eclipse today? good weather. bob: good weather. we have high clouds. totality will look a little fuzzy, a little hazy, but we are moments away from seeing the diamond ring here. this is awesome.

>> i thought we saw it. >> i think we've got about one minute. >> one minute away. today, we are having longer totality. are you feeling the temperature change? i'm already feeling the temperature drop. >> i felt the temperature dropping 20 minutes ago even. and the wind picking up a little bit. it will continue to get cooler. we have a lot to look at in the sky. >> i'm very excited. i'm looking at what i can. it is so cool. it is getting very dark right now. very dark. you can see the shadow going across. >> this is the start of it. it is light over here, dark over here. >> this is amazing. the crowds are going nuts. oh, you can see the planets. the crowds are going nuts. it's crazy. bob, it is amazing. >> here we go. >> don't look at the sun yet. it is not quite totality, but you can still see some of the planets right away.

>> very cool. >> oh, total darkness here. this is incredible. oh, wow. there it is. the diamond ring! the diamond ring! it's amazing. look at that! bob, it is amazing. >> wow. jupiter. >> complete totality. i see jupiter. >> oh my gosh. that is gorgeous. >> wow. this is amazing, bob. >> wow, that is huge. so, i think we want to look through the scope. >> yes, look through the scope. i'm going to walk over with you as you look through the scope. we are right here at one of the telescopes we have positioned here. bob is looking through with the naked eye, and he will give us some feedback.

maybe some prominences we are seeing. what is amazing is how dark it is compared to 2017. much darker. a lot more astronomical features. we have seen jupiter, and what planet is that, bob? >> that is venus to the right. we cannot quite see mercury. i think it is obscured by the light clouds. but 360-degree sunset around us. >> this is amazing. >> it's going to get darker. it's going to get darker. >> wow. it's already pretty dark. >> we are not quite in the middle of the shadow quite yet. 2:46 to go. ok. we are getting some live data from the team here. >> i tell you, it is really impressive, bob. >> oh, my gosh, that prominence is getting better. >> at the bottom. there is the prominence. i see it. i cannot believe the clarity. it is so much darker than 2017. >> gorgeous. what's awesome is we have six telescopes running back here.

data streaming this. >> that is a big, important part here. this is not just capturing image to share with people watching the show, you are actually capturing scientific data that can be used by scientists everywhere. >> we are, and we have seen totality across north america so far. in mexico, and we will experience ourselves, and we will experience it after this on the jumbotron. >> it's like the most amazing eclipse train you could have a ride on. >> wow, this is a bit better than 2017. >> without a doubt. [laughter] >> no clouds. >> what is interesting, the crowd is quieting down, they seem to be experiencing a -- experiencing the moment, taking it all in. a really special moment here. >> we must be getting close to the center. where are we at, two minutes? 1:30, the corona is getting bigger, because it is adjusting now. >> it is amazing, bob, and how much corona you see.

i mean -- there's a bat flying over the crowd. >> yeah, we talked about the animals becoming active. >> we found a lunar moth earlier. >> wow. >> that corona is four times the diameter of the sun. that is massive. >> that is amazing, bob. i'm really curious about the prominence at the bottom. >> have you looked yet? >> i have not looked. >> take a look. blair is looking through the scope. >> that one right at the bottom is significant, bob. it looks like a coronal mass ejection, but don't fact-check me on that. i am just a novice. there is two. >> 30 seconds left of totality. >> jump in there. take a look.

it is great because we have telescopes out here for people to look at. >> we are getting close. >> i don't know what you guys are seeing on television, but -- 10 seconds to go, we need to put our glasses back on to it we put the cap back on the telescope to make sure nobody looks. what an amazing event, bob. there is the diamond ring! there is the second one! >> oh, snap! oh, that is amazing! it's like it was scheduled! [laughter] bob: somebody had the timing right here. [laughter] >> that is amazing. bob: we will see shadow bands again here. >> you hear the crowd. everybody is excited. there we go. what an amazing moment here at the stadium with bob baer and 10,000 fans, all loving every moment of it. bob, some final words? bob: well, i think we just had

an eagle fly over, but that is incredible. >> is one of those things you said. we saw animals reactions, we heard it, we felt it. >> that was wonderful. keep an eye out for shadow bands. we will see them again in about one minute on the ground. >> we will keep looking for those shadow bands. i've got to tell you guys, back at the studio, i know you guys have seen eclipses already, there are still some to come, but what an amazing moment. back to you, guys. good weather all the way to the end. >> thank you, blair. we are in indianapolis. we are almost at totality. with me i have nicky r. and denise hill, nasa's outreach and communication for the nasa's -- communications lead for the nasa's heliophysics division. you guys, let's get our glasses on. you can hear the crowds start to roar. as everyone gets on their

glasses. we are so close. ladies, what are we seeing right now? >> i mean, just the ambience of this moment, it is beautiful. we are seeing a really small crescent, but the light all around us, it is so dusty, odd. >> it is. i'm feeling a temperature drop already. which i can't believe. it is feeling cooler. >> the crowd is starting to go wild. >> we are so close. >> here we go. >> the best soundtrack you could possibly ask for in the background here. >> oh, we are so close. >> ok, a little bit left, and you can really hear the crowd. >> here we go. >> here we go. [laughter] >> here we go. >> we are so, so close. almost. and -- all right, we are at

totality. oh, my gosh, i can actually visualize the corona. >> whoa. >> i've always wanted to see that. >> look at that. fantastic. it is gorgeous. >> absolutely incredible. >> amazing. >> and dark. >> wow. >> look at how dark it is. >> oh my gosh. >> you can really see those streamers coming on right now. i'm seeing some bright lights around where it is flickering, and i can see streamers coming off of the corona. >> we were seeing some baily's beads, bright light where the sun light is shining through craters on the moon. mountains and craters. look at those streamers of the corona. >> holy moly. >> it is dark. i've got to take a look at the crowd right now. >> the crowd is going absolutely wild. going absolutely

wild. it is now safe to look at the eclipse without your glasses. what an amazing sight. we have a little under four minutes to enjoy this. if you were in an open field right now, you would be able to see a sunset, a 360-degree sunset all around us. >> this is my first total eclipse. >> this is my first total clips. this is a bucket list moment. once in a lifetime, a you are an eclipse chaser. >> i would quit my job. [laughter] >> wow, fantastic. >> you spend so long trying to see the corona, and to see it with my eyes, with your own eyes, just gorgeous. i'm in awe of being this person on this rock moving around the sun.

>> yes, and to share this moment with 50,000 people all looking up at the moon and the sun all at once, it is just incredible experience. to all the folks here in indy and all the folks watching, i hope you can take, you know, the amazing energy and excitement from this crowd. what a special moment in the united states. >> wow! you can hear the crowd. >> wow, ok. i think we are seeing, yes, those beautiful prominences. >> the corona is putting on such a show right now. it has got my attention. >> we have got some very appropriate music in the background. >> this is the best expense of getting wound in my life. [laughter] >> i am just in all.

-- awe. >> can feel so strange to me right now. i feel the hair in my arm standing up. >> and we are starting to get some nighttime insects coming out, some bugs. >> yes, it is hard to hear them over the crowd, but. >> yes, i think the animals are a little confused. nicki, while we have you come as the associate director of flight programs, one can we expect nasa to be sending to the sun in a few years? nnicki: we are so lucky, the diamond ring right now. put your glasses back on, be safe, that is the diamond ring, folks. and the light is already

starting to fade. >> it really is. what a moment. i love those fireworks. [laughter] >> indianapolis is pulling out all the stops, and we love if you want to take a moment to thank our two telescope operators, john and dana, who have been providing the telescopes for us, from boston university. thank you very much to john and data. data. >> is like someone flipped the lights back on. >> so incredible. >> i can feel it warming up already. >> wow incredible. >> this is an incredible moment for the helio figure. ladies, thank you for joining us.

>> we are so excited to be here and share an incredible second >> absolutely. megan and sarah, back to you. >> take a look at this drone shot where you can see it has definitely gotten noticeably darker pit you can feel it here. it is colder. the crowd is cheering, ready for totality in cleveland, ohio. we are less than three minutes away, to 18 time -- 2:18 from totality here in cleveland. the crowd is feeling the excitement. i'm ready. >> yeah. it is super cool. the sun is starting to get dark. are you feeling? >> yeah. it happened within the last couple of seconds. take a look around, because we are not the only ones enjoying the total solar eclipse today. we have some eclipse viewing events we seen around the country, so why don't we take a look at those.

>> wow! that is the nasdaq tower, and they are taking our feed live right now. they get to watch our eclipse with us. >> i'm glad they can do that. look at the sliver of a crescent that is perfect on that building. we can see some people in the foreground taking a look. it is hard to stop in times square, right? but they are stopping to take a look with us. beautiful. oh, awesome. this is next to us, progressive field in cleveland, ohio. the guardians had their opening day here today, and first pitch is after 5:00. as you can see, they have opened up the stadium , and people are inthere. >> yeah. a big crowd to watch this. that is great. >> the and the theater, again, the field is starting to fill, and everybody looking up at the

sky further opportunity to see today's solar eclipse. this is us back here in cleveland. everybody looking up at the sky. we have 30 seconds until totality in cleveland, ohio. i have goosebumps. i kinda of feel like crying. >> it is so cool. it is getting so dark, so fast. >> it looks like night just descended. >> look at the crescent, slowly disappearing. cell phones, cameras, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1! and totality. totality, everyone. ♪ [cheers and applause] >> oh, wow. oh my god.

i wasn't sure, because we had some high clouds, but you can see that corona extending out. >> oh, wow. >> we got very cloudy here in the last hour and a half, but we have a great view here in cleveland, ohio. >> wow, look at the corona. >> look at the crowd. everyone has got their phones out. >> oh my gosh. i saw pictures of what the shape of the corona might look like, from our nasa scientists, and it looks exactly like they predicted. >> you can see jupiter and venus. jupiter to be upper left of the eclipse, and venus is right believe it. >> beautiful. >> all around us, you see light.

>> it's like sunset. >> exactly. we have totality here for 3:50. >> it is such a luxurious amount of time. i saw the 2017, and we only had about two minutes. >> why is that? why is the totality differ? >> sometimes the moon is farther away. as on a elliptical. when it is closer, he looks bigger, so we get a little bit more extra time. >> look at the prominence, you can see on the bottom. >> it is bright pink. >> that is insane that you can see it from here. >> yeah. >> just, like, the power of our sign. i am in awe right now, in awe and cold. >> it is noticeably cooler. looking out of the crowd,

a lot of people taking photos. >> the backdrop of the cleveland skyline. >> yes, we have the stadium did thanking the great lakes science center and nasa for hosting this event in downtown cleveland, ohio. >> it is great to view humanity, together, it is great. >> look at the screen right now. here's a look at this guideline. the sky looks on fire. beautiful. a lot of excitement still here in the crowd. >> they are just taking it all in. >> you are supposed be commentating. [laughter] >> it beautiful! you can tell we have some cloud cover, right? it is kind of hazy here but still. >> i was worried about it, but we had a pretty good view here. >> wow.

>> and, again, this is so rare for people here in cleveland to see a total solar eclipse. the last time was in 1806. the next time, guys, 2444. >> i hope everybody got the time to come outside and witness this today. >> you can see the prominence. tell us what the prominence is. >> that pink color come from helium in the outer level of the atmosphere, and he gives off that pink glow. totality! >> time to bring the glasses back out. that is your cue. glasses back on. wow. what an amazing experience. my first total solar eclipse. let's see what they think about this in niagara.

>> over the entire area, you can hear the crowd erupting at various movements with the eclipse isn't seen, but we are under pretty cloudy conditions, david is with us, the program executive in the physics division. david, a challenging situation trying to see this eclipse. we have seen glimpses. >> we have seen glimpses. we have basically been staring at the sky, hoping to see a glimpse. right now, the sky has gone completely dark. the light has cut down and everything else, and it has gotten significantly colder as well just within the last several minutes. >> on a night like this, we have

been looking at everybody across the country enjoying totality and seeing it clear. that is not the experience we have here. our telephone operator, who is working very hard, has not been able to get that telescope dialed in, so we don't have a feed for you from niagara. what we have is just every once in a while, part of the crowd will cheer, because they have the angle of the cloud a. >> yeah. this guys is only clear a little bit to even need the eclipse glasses. a lot of us have been able to take regular pictures with our cameras. >> let's take a look and kind of enjoy the moment of darkness that we are in now. people have come from all over the world.

>> it looks like it is a little bit lighter up there. >> hours spotlights are blinding. >> can you turn the spotlight down? >> you've got a little bit of the eclipse with people watching. we are catching little glimpses that we see as you look up in the sky. this may not be as exciting the sun, but this is what we get. we are just hoping to have a little bit of a glimpse. >> well, we have got 3:29 for it to happen. we are already a minute or so in. >> right. >> we've heard there are going to be skydivers that will jump out. it might be hard to see them. >> i don't know if we will be able to see the skydivers. we can't see niagara falls related it is basically as if it is night for us here. you can see some light from the other side. >> mary goes.

there he goes, totality right there. >> there it is. >> that it has far right there. wow! a little bit of a hole through the crowd so everybody can see. we are continuing to watch the totality. >> wow! >> you can see a little bit of hint on the side, as the sun is shining through. having to duck down. here we go. a little view right here, as it is starting to peek down around, starting to peek out a little bit right there.

>> yeah. totality is complete. that was a fun experience to watch, like everyone around here, hoping for a few, and we got it. >> that was a unique experience. and suddenly, night is turning into the light and day. >> yeah. we are getting some light again. that is a lot of light. >> i was worried we would not get it. david cheney, thank you for joining us. i was really worried. fortunately for everybody here at niagara falls, we got to see a little bit. thank you very much. >> alright, you are welcome to >> as we take a look around the falls, people have not moved. they are still looking up, enjoying the partial eclipse now. we will bring in jody hansen, an

astronaut who has been at the falls with us for the past few days. jeremy, you will be on a mission. talk about that. jeremy: we got a lot of cloud cover. i think that exceeded expectations. >> well, i mean, when your expectations start off with cloud cover everywhere. jeremy: we all wanted to see it in totality, and we might have only saw it for five seconds, but we did get to see it. we can see the corona, and that is special for me. i really liked that. when i passed a totality of it was amazing. hopefully the camera captured it, but it was like an amazing sunrise. the clouds made a nice backdrop for it, so that was pretty special. >> that was very unique, very

special, and i'm so relieved we can see a little bit of it. that was the moon passing in front of the sun. you are going around the moon, september 2025, currently scheduled for that. you will be the first canadian to do so. we just saw a special moment. that is another one. jeremy: you can imagine i have a lot of thoughts about artemis ii and what we are getting ready to undertake, but i have to boil it down. i'm really proud of humanity for taking on these big challenges. we are really proud of the united states for their leadership. we are creating this opportunity where other countries can express our genius, bring real contributions to the program, and now canada will be the second country in the world to send a human into deep space, and it has nothing to do with me. it has to do with the genius the world is sharing, and i love that. >> that is amazing. we are at full totality over the

lake in new york, not far from here. we are in western new york, where light is continuing to shining a little bit writer. it really is special. in the four days you were here, interacting with the public. jeremy: there's a lot of excitement around the celestial event, and space exploration in general, which i find couple of think it i do not expect space exploration to solve the challenges of the world, but i do think it is one of the pillars of the solution. space plays a role. getting fired up about people asking me, how do i work at nasa, how do i work at the canadian space agency? it is something that brings us together, the spirit of humanity. you have a community, we are all here just being human, sharing something special. >> sharing it is really unique.

appreciate seeing you and having dinner the past few nights, just happened to work out coincidentally. i really enjoyed the time. we will all be rooting you want for your mission in september of next year. good luck, be safe, thank you get jeremy: i appreciate that. i don't know if you saw it when you were on camera, but the birds, they went nuts in totality. they came here, out of the woodwork. i do really neat. anyway, thanks for having me today. it was a pleasure to be here. >> all right, thank you, jeremy. i want to say thank you also to new york state park, niagara falls specifically, we could not have done this without you, so thank you very much. we will send in now to kennedy space center, where james is tracking totality. >> that's right.

we are still in totality and pepper lake, you can see our last target of the day, in maine , this eclipse shadow is moving so quickly. the ground speed is about 2000 miles an hour, so that is a fast clip. if you are in the path of totality, to give an edge of the few fleeting moments. if you are not in the path of totality or you missed it, hopefully you did not miss it, if you did miss it, i will zoom in and show you what to keep an eye out for in the future. this is going to be the eclipse path in 2045. we will come through parts of montana, north dakota in 2044. 2045 is the next big clips around north america. that will come all the way from california into parts of florida in 2045, so a long time to wait could take advantage of those fleeting mamas of being able to observe this moment.

-- fleeting moments of being able to observe this moment. i'm going to click on burlington. an incredible moment, copper lake experiencing that last fleeting moment there, that is just moving off. it has now moved off copper lake, a fantastic shot. they have the diamond ring affect, that beautiful shot. this is, again, such a quick moment. a once-in-a-lifetime moment. take full advantage of this. you can see how close we are to maine, our last stop of the day of our nasa coverage, extending to canada and beyond. in maine, they have had snow the last couple of days. really hoping that holds off for them. they are experiencing a duration of 3:28 to observe that totality at 3:22:05 local time.

let's check in with angelique who is up there in houlton, maine. hopefully it is beautiful weather for you. how is we are just a few minutes away from totality. people are getting excited. as an am. the program scientist for the james webb space telescope is joining us. >> it's great to be here, this is really exciting. >> is this your first eclipse? >> this is the first totality i've seen. i'm super psyched and delighted to be here. >> we have been watching it get closer and closer. we are seeing the shadows change. >> the light is definitely different from when the sun sets. they are still sharp, but the light is diminishing.

your brain tells us something's different -- something different is happening. >> what is interesting about the telescope is it can't look directly at the sun just like we can't. can you tell me more about why that is? >> we designed webb to look for faint things in the distant universe. the sun is very bright so we had to make sure it could never look at the sun. we use solar power to power the spacecraft, but the telescope can't look at the sun. >> as its starting to get closer, let's go ahead and put on our glass so we can look at. wow! just a little bit left. that's incredible. wow. eric, i have a couple more questions for you. how can we use eclipses to study

planets outside of our solar system using the transit method, is that what that's called? >> during an eclipse -- [cheering] >> you hear everybody getting very excited. we're getting close to totality here. >> the moon is transiting in front of the sun, just the way planets another stars transit in front of the stars. webb can look at those exoplanets and use those transits. >> gotcha. a transit is literally when something crosses in front of something else. >> that's right. >> very cool. throughout the broadcast, we have been able to see the eclipse. can you tell us about what the difference is -- we are going to go ahead. >> here we go! >>oh my gosh, a few more seconds

until we are incomplete totality! oh my gosh. four, 3, 2, 1. [cheering] >> you can hear everybody cheering. this is incredible. you can take off your glasses, we are in totality now. >> amazing. it's beautiful, you can see the planets in the sky you couldn't see before. >> is that one of the -- what's the word i'm forgetting now? [laughter] my goodness. it's incredible. the rays you can see coming off of the corona. >> stunning and beautiful. >> that has to be one of the most amazing things i've ever seen. >> you can see the gradation of this guy down to the horizon. >> my goodness. i'm seeing a bit of that 360 degrees sunset.

that is really cool. >> it's amazing. even though we are in the total shadow, the corona is still pretty bright. >> it is incredibly bright. >> you could read by the light of the corona. >> i would have some trouble reading, but i could technically read something. [laughter] actually, we have the international space station flying over right now. they are seeing two views of the eclipse. they are able to see not just the moon passing in front of the sun, but they are also able to see the shadow of the moon passing over earth, which is absolutely incredible. i can hardly imagine a view being better than the one we have right now, but if there is one, it's from the space station. [laughter] yes, they are able to take some pictures of that. that is just incredible. just incredible. >> one of the things they tell people to do if you are far away

is to hear how nature changes. we are surrounded by a lot of people, hearing their reaction. >> the humans and nature have not gotten quieter, but louder, i would say. [laughter] you can definitely hear the loudness has a different kind of character to it. i don't know if wunder has a sound but this would be a. >> hushed awe. >> that is wonderful. i can see just one little red. >> little red spots almost. i noticed those too. >> wow! that is just so cool. >> i like the 360 sunset. it is a little hard to see behind us. [laughter] >> we have at least one or two drones. >> our robot overlords. >> of course. [laughter]

people are starting to get involved in the eclipse. one of the ways is with citizen science. can you talk about those opportunities? >> sure. we have citizen science programs were people can use their cell phones to take pictures during the eclipse. >> we are coming out of totality. >> and here we go. there it is. it is peeking out. [applause] [cheering] >> everybody is cheering. we have just made it to the end of totality. >> look at the ground, how much brighter it has gotten. >> it is already so much brighter. that is so wild. that was one of the most amazing, but fastest three minutes of my life. [laughter] i wish i could do it all again. alright, well, that was

incredible. [cheering] thank you so much to the city of holton and thank you so much, dr. smith, for hanging out with us to experience this wonderful event. >> it was my pleasure and congratulations to the city for doing such an amazing job. it was amazing, well orchestrated. >> above and beyond and a special thank you to dave bowman, who has been giving us these incredible images from the telescope feed. we are going to enjoy as the rest of the eclipse ends here going back in the direction it came and we will send it back over to you, megan. >> alrighty. thanks. what do you think? we literally have just watched the eclipse travel about 3600 miles. it made it up to maine in like 88 minutes?

>> that's right>> is traveling. >> did you have a favorite location? >> between russellville and dallas getting to hear some of my colleagues was amazing. >> i don't know, i have to be a little bit by list. to see it with your realize. that was amazing. it is cool to think about how millions of us have this shared moment of what could be a once-in-a-lifetime event. we have time for some more questions from our viewers. we have another great question from mckenzie in the third grade. >> hi. my name is mckenzie. i'm in third grade.

what is the difference between a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse? >> thank you for that question. let's talk about the difference between the eclipse is. the solar eclipse we had today is when the moon crosses between the earth and the sun. but we also get lunar eclipses and a lunar eclipse is when the earth crosses between the moon and the sun. today we have the moon shadow projecting on the earth. during a lunar eclipse, the shadow projects onto the moon. >> we just got those incredible views from space. i've got another question for you from eli on reddit who wants to know, there are quite a few solar eclipses in the world every few years, so why is this one scientifically interesting? >> yes, we do get solar and lunar eclipses maybe two to three times a year, however the total eclipse that happened

today, total eclipses are everyone .5 years and that is a rare opportunity for us to look at the corona, study the corona. >> and during a solar maximum. >> we were talking about the solar activity we were seeing, there is a bunch going on today for this eclipse. >> we have got another incredible view. these are live views from space, which is mind blowing in general. now we also see the moon shadow. that's just amazing. you think about how many people across north america witnessed this one moment. >> it's a good reminder that humanity has been experiencing these -- experiencing these eclipses for centuries. there are different meanings in different cultures.

let's learn more about indigenous easter in -- astronomy. >> welcome back to dallas, texas. i'm talking to an indigenous astronomer and member of the navajo nation. thank you for joining us. when people think about science, they might think of western science. how does that relate to indigenous science? what is it mean to the navajo people? >> i think the knowledge on the eclipse goes way back from time immemorial i'm told by my elders. they knew that when you look at the sun directly, you can damage your eyes permanently. they knew about the danger of looking at the eclipse with the naked eye. people were encouraged to go inside to make sure people

weren't looking up. it goes all the way back. as far as eclipses, it is a time of renewal. the sun alignment and also the earth alignment. the whole cosmic cycle goes through a regeneration process. it revitalizes the process. it goes on for many years over and over. it's a cycle. as far as science goes, there are different definitions of science. >> thank you, david. thank you. it's been an honor chatting with you. thank you to everyone for joining us.

this has been an experience of a lifetime and one i definitely won't forget. let's head back to kerrville, texas. >> thanks, joy. we are joined by the director of nasa's space weather program to tell us about cool science. >> how are you? >> good. tell us why nasa launched rockets before, during, and after the eclipse today. >> we are capitalizing on this unique situation. it happens so quickly that we can make these measurements one after the next, we can do it quick back to back. >> how high did the rockets actually go and what is special about this area of the atmosphere? >> we just launched the second

of the three a few moments ago. these particular rockets are getting about 250 miles above the surface, right where the international space station flies. everything is safe. >> wow. can you walk us through this? >> from virginia on the virginia space coast, these rockets have multiple stages to them. you are seeing one stage burn and then the next stage will light. all the way up to that 250 mile mark above the surface and makes its measure in the upper atmosphere. >> that was incredible. >> what is that area of the atmosphere and why do we care about it? >> it is called the ionosphere. this is really from eight -- a perspective of helio physics. we care about it because the interaction can change the way our gps signals were and are communication signals work. the sun can cause the atmosphere

to change to impact the way satellites orbit the earth as well. >> perfect, great. we have been doing this fun poll between sun, moon, and earth. what team are you repping today? [laughter] >> my bosses would make sure i go for team sun today for sure. >> man, ok. take you so much again. folks, it is time to say goodbye to our friend who has made sure we know where and when to look up all day. james, thank you. >> yes, thanks so much. it has been fantastic tracking this eclipse all afternoon with you. if you are still in the path of totality, you might be in a boat off the canadian coast taking this in, i hope you enjoy that view. we started all the way down here in mazatlan mexico.

now we are breezing past into canada. you can, see this highlighted area anywhere there, is still experiencing a partial eclipse. have your eclipse glasses at the ready to take in that fleeting moment. we just took it in at kennedy space center. fantastic view. got a little chunk out of the sun for 50% coverage. still fantastic to see. we have lucked out in general with the weather all of today. that was the biggest concern i had. beautiful views. really been a lot of fun tracking this. a fake thanks to our scientific visualization studio for putting this together. back to you. >> here with us now is nasa's chief scientist. welcome. >> hi, nice to be here.

>> i know we had the pleasure of sharing the stage together, now with today's solar eclipse, what would you say is the number one take away from today's event? >> i would say the number one take away is that our universe is beautiful and understandable. we got to experience this together today. we could predict when it would happen and we did a lot of science today. >> that's great. speaking of the science that was conducted, how does that fall into the greater science we are doing with nasa in the future? >> it complements the science we do all the time. the moon blocked out the sun so we could see part of the sons atmosphere. we also have the parker solar probe orbiting closer and closer. we are looking a lot about how the eclipse affected the earth. we have a mission launched two

months ago that will tell us more about oceans and atmosphere. and we develop instruments called a corona glass, we can make an instrument that blocks it out so we have an upcoming mission that will block out the light of other stars so we can see what is around them. >> so much going on with the sun and nasa honestly. >> we have the helio physics big year. can you tell us how we can get involved with this and celebrate our stars? >> this total solar eclipse is one event this year. we have a lot of activities where you can engage in our science and learn more about it. you can find us on social media @nasasun. >> thank you for being with us.

this has been an honor. my goodness. do you have any final thoughts? >> this was amazing. the energy here was so great. >> the total was a whole other level. >> thank you for having me. >> absolutely. a big thank you to the city of kerrville, texas, the parks and wrecked team, and all the people that made today's incredible event possible. i want to thank our telescope operator for those great views of totality here in kerrville. folks, that is a wrap from kerrville, texas. back to you in cleveland. >> thank you. now, check out who we have here at the host desk. the passtoraunt himself, josh dobbs. you just signed with the 49ers. >> i feel good.

i spent a few years in cleveland. it is cool to be back. looking forward to the future in san francisco. i know nasa is doing great work on the west coast so we will stay tuned with that as well. >> your nickname comes from some incredible place you had last year and you have a background here with us at nasa with some externships, but also you are an aerospace engineer. how did it feel being back here specifically in cleveland to watch the solar eclipse? >> it is all really good. when this event was put on my radar a year ago in last off-season it will be a once-in-a-lifetime invent. i marked it on my calendar a year ago. to make it back here and take it in and hang out with the city i spent two years and is great. the biggest thing i have enjoyed is seeing the interest from the city of cleveland and how many

people traveled to take in this event today. and also learning about the future of nasa and the future of space exploration at the same time as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and it has been an honor to be here. >> nasa is committed to inspiring the next generation through discovery. do you think we created a funeral scientists and engineers today? >> i think so. there is a wealth of youth around here. also the great lakes science center inside. and just seeing the history of the space program gives them perspective. i think the youth obviously is the next generation. they will have -- if you have interest in stem and sports, you don't have to split your eggs. you can work hard to achieve those goals and dreams. >> the most important question

we are going to ask you, who was the star today, the sun,, the moon, or the earth? say the right thing, josh. >> drumroll. the star today was the moon. [laughter] i've got to go with it. i've got to go with it. >> i agree. i do. well, i appreciate your honesty. and i really appreciate you being here. thank you for being here, josh. >> thank you for having me. >> we talk about this controversial, but from the competition. we asked you to vote. we have the results of the poll right now. let's bring it up. wow! congrats, sarah. [applause] >> thank you you, thank you. >> team moon, 48%. congrats, team moon. thank you to everyone who participated. we were the real winners of today, those who got a show.

we will send it back over to indianapolis for another important interview. >> thanks, megan. it has been an incredible day and it is not over yet. with me, i have the chief exploration scientist for nasa. welcome. >> i could not be happier to be here. >> how was that eclipse for you really quickly? >> it was amazing. it was warm again. >> today has been all about the eclipse. i want to pivot a little bit. you are getting astronauts ready to go back to the moon for the first time in 50 years. how is how the sunlight shines on the moon very crucial to what we are trying to do? >> just like this eclipse, it is a celestial dance between the sun, the earth, and the moon. we will have instances of the eclipses on the moon where the earth will eclipse the sun. it is something to think about. we are interested in the lighting in the south pole.

artemis three will land astronauts at the south pole. because the moon has almost no axial tilt, the sun is always right along the horizon. high peaks have sunlight more than normal amounts of time. we think there might actually be water trapped there. >> one thing we have talked about one of the broadcast's space weather. space weather is important to understand when it comes to the safety of our astronauts. can you describe how irsa and hermes are keeping our astronauts safe? >> those will be payloads on the gateway, a research station that orbits the moon, and astronauts can stop on their way to the surface of the moon. these payloads or science instruments will be there to basically detect what the solar weather is like, what we call space weather. so the radiation that our astronauts will live in when

they are actually there. understanding your weather is the best way to prepare for it. >> absolutely. you have given us a lot to be excited about. thank you for being here on this incredible day. >> i would not have missed it. >> that is all we have from indianapolis. thank you for joining us. it has been a wild ride, pun absolutely intended, and we have had an amazing time. for all of us here, back to you. >> i did enjoy your pun. we are joined by the director of the glenn research center. thank you for joining us and hosting us. >> absolutely. >> glenn research center is right here in houston down the road. literally everything aligned for us to get a great show here. >> absolutely and it has been such a great show here. you could not have asked for better weather and it was a great time and the widow asked -- a great time in the midwest.

we are here with our partners at great lakes science center just a great opportunity to have everybody connecting with what we do. >> you invited the community and all these visitors in, why was that important to you? >> it is important. having a total solar eclipse passover your community is for most people a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. for a total solar eclipse to passover a nasa community like cleveland, it creates a great opportunity to connect people with what we do. everybody is here paying attention to our planet and the moon and the sun and our solar system and our universe. that gives us a great opportunity to say, this is what we do. you can't pass that kind of an

opportunity gap. >> the science, all this discovery we are enabling today by the eclipse. let's talk more about the science. i know nothing slides without glenn. can you explain the center's critical role within nasa? >> week work -- we work on aircraft propulsion, spacecraft propulsion, power and communications. we also work on materials and testing and extreme environments. our core competencies or power, propulsion, communications. no aircraft or spacecraft flies without those three things and they never will. nasa glenn is part of virtually every nasa mission. >> thank you so much, i really appreciate you being here and hosting us. this was a wonderful event. so many joined us here and really enjoyed us. lots of smiles. thank you so much. >> thank you for being here and

being a part of this with us. >> thanks and have a great day. a big thank you to our whole team across the path. from our correspondence to our experts and our telescope operators, we couldn't have done it without all of you. sarah, as we are taking again this aerial shot of the great lakes science center, so beautiful, such a wonderful way to experience my first total solar eclipse and i hope you had a good time. >> this is my second, but it was really great to experience it with you and all the folks here. >> we did notice that there are a lot of fun events happening in cleveland. a lot of people in downtown. i hope they took some time to look up and enjoy what they saw. >> we also did some really cool science today. >> really cool science. let's talk about that.

nasa's helio physics big year is not over yet. we had the annular eclipse, then the solar eclipse. talk to us about december. >> coming up on christmas eve, the solar probe will make its closest approach to the sun. >> yes, i can't believe that is happening. we have been saying this all day. everything is aligning for us. again, thank you so much. we watched this together race across from mexico to maine in one hour and 28 minutes. we have so much more to look forward to. we hope you will stay with us as we continue studying our sun and how it affects us. from all of a sudden nasa where we make air and space available to everyone, thank you for watching and enjoy the rest of your day. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2024] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org]

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