mental for his role in the vietnam war and support for an antique communist dictatorship. you're all watching dw news up next. we've got a documentary for you asking whether people will accept a i robot's working in the service for care industries. i'm terry martin. thanks for watching the interest, the global economy, our portfolio dw business be here's a closer look at the project. to analyze the flight for market dominance, get a step with d w. business beyond the

you're calling you now. the president, you in new york or washington? no, i mean a man was direct access to the president of the united states. he once possessed huge amounts of power. but how did he wield it? what indelible mock did you leave from the nation in the world? and what mock does it leave on him? more than a decade to go, we travel t's guest house, new york for risk. sit down, interviewed for the 1st time. henry kissinger agreed to an in depth conversation about his life and legacy. the

difficult times throughout history us lead to civil ways relied on the advice of weiss man, especially men with experience leading the country to the nation was really off to the attacks on $911.00. but how would it respond? then you as president george w bush consulted henry kissinger for years, kissinger had come and go on through the doors of the white house. and then he had changed the course of history presents. gotta be thinking strategically in order to

shape a batch. and henry kissinger is a very good strategic thinker. he's made a career being a strategic thinker. he's got a mind that the worst strategically i've seen them regularly. us troops attacks of rock. the invasion into this far away country was the sauce terrace, which was to the end. so once again, bush turned to henry kissinger council. kissinger advised, don't give up. the us must win this for i think you can learn a lot from history. the key is for present not to get stuck in the past. one can learn from experience hand about how to deal with today's current problems. and henry kissinger has had a lot of experience. henry kissinger had the hard, less sense of the vietnam to reflect back on how it began. usa is believed though, in a global back event. the girl wasn't waged in. the name is tara and radical islamists

. the enemy at the time was coming is what led us into vietnam most to apply globally depends. it moves that had been successful then you go to it was the theory that if you could step communist aggression, you then could build democratic societies. and you could step communism. and there was also this theory that communism was to determine the of us at all the non communist. in the mid 19 sixty's, the united states divided the world into friends and foes. americans traced at the precarious situation like a game domino. if just one piece was a full, just one nation. the next to would full to leap was in the so called

domino theory, that if, if we who had become engaged in vietnam against a fire for long communist attack on. so i'll see it and maybe in the whole region that if we pulled out and just let it happen, that, that other countries would be absorbed into the soviet other communist international system. they believed still in the late sixty's, erroneously as it turned out, that they were sort of a unitary communist world out. that the people's republic of china and the soviet union were conspiring together with other communist countries. therefore, they really look to find how would the extraction of, from vietnam was to take place as being absolutely vital to the national interest of the united states.

and reducing joe was no stranger to states that wanted to whose walls he grew up in germany. in the franconi and town fish give us a jewish child, living under an anti semitic tyrant, added to his voice, put beat us up on the street. and that would pizza instead to uh, you know, and uh, i didn't like, it's like that, but i didn't suffer from it. the way my parents that his fafsa was a teacher, kissinger show a chain and have agreed to flood with his family to the united states. the year was 1938th. once a month too soon. in new york hines became henry embraced this

new open society. there was the constant feeling of mistrust and danger. at least not the 1st thoughts, young case, and just so in his surroundings and his new felt freedom. the impression was that it was a much more pertaining its life that was used to input people with much more demonstrative in talking to each other. the concept of day day because i know in foot in the 19 thirty's. so that relates in between the sexes and the relations, but less constrained than they were in of the middle class to a minute. that the i had growing up in union with his friends versus including an flush, who would like to be his wife? 15 years also escaped germany. so i'm just childhood friend, frank harris. both main joined the us army and it was time for another good buying

at the iceland drug screens, or it was shortly before we and that the united states armed forces and for the happy to be together and implants that we are friendship for and door. and we will get together, i have to become back kissinger retained to germany. the country with many of his relatives had been moved it now he was an american soldier, increase failed. his division was tossed with establishing a civilian administration and tracking down nazi put the traces i was full so many of my family and friends, i cannot see that i did not have the sense that this was an opportunity to get these. i had, in fact, the opposite sense. i thought that if it was wrong for the 2 events to treat the tubes as a on a that as a category,

it was wrong to treat the treatments as a category up to serving the military. henry kissinger, it returned to the open society of the u. s. a previously worked in a shaving bush factory now upon his return. he enrolled hoford's university. it shaken his shyness and growing his self confidence. his personal american dream was to become a political scientist. i was a student at harvard and he was as you know, a fairly famous professor there of the international affairs at the center for international affairs where he was a prominent i think from the latter and 19 fifties had written a book and 1957 called nuclear weapons and foreign policy kissinger analyzed the lemmings french post for the soviet union. you developed a concept that the limited use of the american nuclear weapons. the books spock the

conversation. in 1968, which should mix and when the us presidential election mixed a new with kissinger through his work and vice and other politicians. you, since you did not seem to highly of nixon for them, but he was flies when nixon of pointed to you as a national security advisor. i am to the asked declared that this assignment and i show, so the president elect with all my energy and dedication as a politician and the professor. so this julia would shape world history. nixon had campaigned the promised in the vietnam war. but at the beginning of his time, both men, we, you know, over the heads when we were still finding out the location of the offices and the ride out before we could do anything to know if we need to meet, started on the offensive in which 500 americans were killed

a week and much of that came from, from the fact that we took this for 4 weeks. and we had separate over 2000 categories. in the 1st month of nixon. we suffered from a deployment that we had not put this more casual dates than america except for density is in the of that mixing and kissing just 1st because the whole peroration was booming. cambodia window was bidding to be song just for hiding. cambodia was officially a neutral country doing who under no circumstances could the truth behind the attacks come to the we expected that somebody would protest, cambodia, north vietnam,

rush at somebody. we would then have said that as i have for you, an investigation of what went on there and we are willing to pay damages for and the detection that because got through the amazement, nobody protested nothing. cambodians nothing or threatened me. it's not that it's and it's not the attractive and that was the origin of the secret bombing, and it was not intended to be secret. but edwards and bombing that was going on to which nobody objected. and therefore for us to volunteer. this information might start a crisis that at least on any given day, it seemed nice is that the, the bombing of cambodia was not kept under wraps. below it was a leak among top washington officials and a reporter with the new york times broke the story. i went to 2 men who

are extremely well placed, one of the state department, one of the white house, the official at the state department said jesus h christ have no comment. but his expression said otherwise, you could tell from his expression that he was amazed that someone had put these pieces a top secret information together and come up and out with that scenario. i then went to the white house person and to the same thing. and he said, you know, i've never lied to your bill and i won't start now. so let's change the subject. at that point, i realized that i clearly had the story and wrote kissinger was relaxing in florida with the president as you do more often in late 2 years. the pay some quad was punch it when secure. she advised a case and just found house about the new york times expose

a the secret bombing of cambodia was a secret no more. they were furious. they were furious at the leak. dixon, of course, wanted to as usual, as you can see over the successive years. next, i wanted to find the link or kissinger did to. this was the 1st big breach of security as it were inside the administration. they were only a few months old, and already one of their, one of their secret, most secret moves and foreign policy had been revealed in the front page of the new york times who was behind the lake to track down the soles. the b on, i touch numerous telephone lines including the is it just closest i what part do kissinger himself play? i'm not here to say that i enjoyed or approved henry kissinger going along with wiretapping of many of his closest associates, including me. i think it was

a mistake. having said that, i did not hold this against kissinger fundamentally because i did share his view that the legs was serious. i do not agree with people who do me. the l. hey, played a very strong role is as well. so i think kate was the key liaison with the f b i. if there was something a worrisome that appeared in them were delivered to henry's office sometimes to me and, and, and henry's absence sometimes directly. then read my own little and was then a leak of good. and after the investigation, it started to supply the names of the people who had access to the information or the salt of the lake was never found. kissinger meanwhile, had become one of the most influential men in the united states. even then

secretary of state william p roaches stood in case i'm just shut of his inches. national security council shapes the nation's phone. a fish strategy had vast amounts of power, very few friends in those early days, early months. he was exceptionally careful about what he did, how he did it. i had, he was very difficult with all of us who worked for him. and i mean by that, you know, double check everything we did and so forth. i don't think he was loved or particularly liked by the people who worked closest with them. i think it was a kind of loyalty because they respected his confidence, his substantive ability. but i don't think anyone particularly liked him as a, as a human being the july 1969, 6 months of to taking office. nick,

some shuffled was case and you to south vietnam into the voice on next wanted to deliver on his campaign promised in the war structure by his creed assistance, joining kennedy and leading to the johnson as it came time to make good on his pledge to bring the war twin honorable and the politicians sold, henry kissinger was tossed with execution. the plan for off towards the non, if a material last next and then kissinger refused to accept defeat. instead of ending before, they became more deeply entrenched units that were taken aback by the resilience of the north vietnamese opponents. the operation began at 6 o'clock on friday morning, so i gone 53 hours before, but explained kissinger ordered american troops, twins a tempo the it this time the operation has no secret. the moon wrapped up tensions, even the word,

the operator who was beginning to use that he was continuing the war with nixon. both of them were working full time to continue that war until uh, 72. when mixing could get re elected as a result of 25000 american soldiers were killed unnecessarily. and hundreds of thousands of a via niece in may, 1970, and he was sent back, reached to caesar, page tens of thousands of americans come to the streets to protest the actions of the us government make some and these to choose the advice that he sent you ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states mix and responded with more promises. the 150000 americans that i announced for withdrawal and next year will come home on schedule . and it will, in my opinion, serve the cause of a just peace be

a not as to vietnam will scaled off divisions, increased inches, team deep and 3 close aids, resigned tony lake and i and bill watts, who were 3 people who resigned from the staff in protest of the invasion did not make a public public declaration of our position and did not call a press conference simply because we thought that would so irreparably damaged kissinger, inside the administration. and we thought the administration was so awful, so bad that the 2 destroyer to damage kissinger would, would hurt the country. when to weaken him, we thought that i, ronnie cli, kissinger was our last best co, an immigrant, a political scientist. and in some ways an outside the arm's length and wanting nixton's recognition could even the it's just the president's for you. what do you

even want that kitchen just boss was a complicated man who distrusted intellectuals like his previous this is mixed and wanted his typing system installed in the white house, but he wanted to take it one step further that you wanted to record all his conversations with hidden record as an employee both offices and telephone lines, there were 6 microphones embedded in the president's desk up from bottom to top. that turned out to be not a very good idea. because normally, when the presence discussing things with his aids at the desk, the coffee cups on the desk, which rattled over by the fireplace, where the president always sits with a very important state visitors. there were microphones in the base of a lapse in the cabinet room. they were on the base of the lamps on either side of the wall, then or on all the office telephones, and in the president sitting room over in the residence. he had

a habit of sitting in the lincoln room, which is just a sitting around that phone. and that room were also booked. and later on he had his telephone in his little private study up at camp david's book and his office across the street in the executive office building. but i learned that i learned it onto the inmate of 73. about 6 weeks before the taping system was established, when general egg became adviser, it told me that i was shocked. and but the strange thing was a bit. it says that, so i have to be careful when i'm in in uh, but after 3 or 4 days,

that was really no choice. you could not compose something for the tape body. we're talking to the president. so for the 6 weeks, the tape submitted an operation that i knew about it. i'd be interesting to compare. but of what i said was significantly different from before i've, i've never bothered to do this. i would guess not. but it's, it's, it that it was system. the kissinger also had a deep sense of mist. cost is leisha, he to record is his conversations. and he to release his grip on the system. i recommend it to him. i said henry, it is the only way unless you're going to write notes to yourself and then bring people into the office and say, here's what i said to him. this is the only way you can make

a record of what you talked about. what you committed to it and also to remind you of if you want to write a book later on, you've got these things here that you can pull together and get some sense of what you're renewing. so he did it, one of the problems of that period is that we all kept so many that code that and a buddy who wants to prove sample and can pick out his sentence and then make that that sign post for the whole period. and the without expanding the context, the why it's happening also impacted really front. the german chancellor implemented us to politic susie intentions with the communist eastern block in favor of a peaceful coexistence. the approach may kissinger suspicious, even if his recollections of that period do said from his aides, i had develop. normally that meant anything for really brand when it was made up

and then and keyboards, a symbol of that existence to the soviet union. and a so i had very high to god for him. i don't remember him having a particularly warm feelings, but i think he thought basically, so that he was a socialist. therefore one had to deal with him very carefully. he wasn't while about him to put it mildly, he had serious questions. i don't think he had my missed brought very much. i'm being canceled. i will put it bluntly. i think he thought that the really bronze was a terrible mistake for the federal republic case and just sold the german chancellor as an adversary when it came to managing relations with the eastern block. really

branch teeth of the line between allied and rifle for ms. thomas, i just got tired of elizabeth search, been sitting on some of this stuff, but i am in my know, one of my tasks at that time as defense, minister and leader as finance minister was to erase any doubts in the united states regarding germany's reliability as an ally adoption, i told henry kissinger villi brandt is a decent man. you can take him at his word. i trimmed up under his not in the least said. i can take you at your word, but i don't know him of this. that was his mentality and he didn't say that word for word, but that was how he felt that the large event brand and of the washington on the house. what does it was in washington was very pond to and we stayed at the blair house. you need to have an image on spoke very openly about how little he thought of an extensive artificial. and i cautioned him that he should be a bit more careful that these rooms would no doubt be bought at. that gives us

groped, and he said, i don't believe that we're not in moscow. he said, and i replied, well, i do believe it's advisable. in any case, he grew more cautious, and in the end, it was true that it was bogs. of course, it ended up on nixon's desk, and nixon asked henry x and then, and of course henry told his president who was a difficult man. it's like a logically what he wanted to hear was actually a goodness of some one day of the recording of his conversation. cap should make some quoting frank, and dom kissinger, greed adding frank was lazy sneeze. right, but the real tension between fully bryant and the americans ran deeper kissinger hop and his social, political jealousy, repeating the gym. and so to come to closing with the russians

the that includes experience of us, but i think because we thought it could be the beginning of a separate driven approach and lead to a new kind of to them. and that familiar with the politics in henry's view, and i think with some justice sliced underneath henry's attempts at what, what was the term we call we were describing, they, tod brant, pursue his policy openly. something to send you a couldn't afford to do. he had to circumvent the public tie when reaching out to the communists or else the backlash and the you with what has been to christ, to since you wanted to visit china. but the trip needed to be kept under wraps. you'd have to go buy a pack a stuff. the cover story was going to be the case and you was going to get a stomach ache and have to spend time in a hilltop,

which we were covering. the problem is you've got a real stomach ache while it was in india before he even got that back as to him. and he had to hide that because it couldn't have to stomach ache. so he had to suffer the real stomach a to preserve his carpet store. we got to pakistan. and his loved the bad kissinger greeted report has as he would have on any other trip. it was crucial that no one could catch wind of the fact. the mix and security adviser was headed to beijing was all the big groups in which the pipe of stony prison played alone in the middle of the night. packed in our hotel and were driven secretly to the as, while i'm about airport by the pack is not a foreign minister and got on the president pakistan's airplane. the most dramatic point in my entire life, i think was that 1st secret airplane created from islam about the pages. because

the flow by k to the 2nd highest mountain in the world. beautiful morning, the dawn coming up in the snow, glistening. none of the world knew where we were, except for very few people who were about to meet the chinese and jo online particular that we had not seen for 22 years. so you had a huge historical and year political ramifications. you had the james bond secrecy to match the china the case in july to didn't seem time extremely opposed to the united states. a closed society group about the ideological directives of a test, part of the pinnacle of power, the china under most she is a pretty nasty place. and the opening to china was a product of the belief that we needed to work with china in order to balance the soviet union. that was a real politic and

a very important example of it. and in terms of henry kissinger has a history on slice. a nixon made a special visit to beijing nixon going to china represented a complete turn around. and one of the central tenants of american foreign policy throughout the late 19 ford is all of the 1950s. and essentially all of the 19 sixty's. and that was that we could in effect make china go where you're by pretending that it didn't exist. the kitchen, just back channel diplomacy paid off. us officials steps 1st into the world if there audiological adversaries. for the 1st time, as the world watched, henry kissinger had moves the needle, marching the nation into a new chapter of foreign policy. the meeting with mount saint tool had the

potential to stay at the cost of history in a different direction. he lived in a residence in the big city, which was very simple. the 1st few times i saw him, there was a bed actually in his study. i don't know, but he had a more polite sort of residence, which he didn't show he himself. but they're both his admin fee to my 3 the he had a very good t to mind. of course, it's also responsible for more crimes and for more that's uh than any other contemporary pieces. so the fact that he had is

a period. intellect is no justification, it doesn't excuse what he did in domestic politics, but as a strategist in foreign policy, he was extremely impressive. but kissinger had other ideas in store. china was part of a grace applying to him. removed china from the complex of foreign policy issues that we had to view as, as closely related to the soviet union that we broke that relationship clearly publicly. it gave us an opportunity to play the chinese against the soviets and vice versa. the head of niece's main, 1972 visits and most of kissinger arranged the details in the background americans . misgivings about the associates with 2 great decides nick some want spotlight

fixed on him. but the stupid palace was still tangled up in a piece of proxy warranty. at 9, when the us was in danger of losing the upticks for critical to some of the most could not look like a meeting between a we know and to lose. behind closed doors, kissinger full with associates of the protocol, they had agreed to continue the summit. despite the fact that with the bombing of odd handle, and i saw their single bows at alex. so we had a special session and the dodger country home a present from which i was involved just a few of us with the for watching leaders and brezhnev and the others lectured nixon for 3 and a half hours mercilessly on a terrible policies in vietnam. and how we want to get out and uh, and the mood was very test. when this was finished we went upstairs and brezhnev all the others completely changed. they moved off it as barker started singing and

cracking jokes. they had obviously done this session so they can send a transcript to at no additional hotels. they were the you did not have different info of the chinese leaders or of that good. so you can do, you had that sort of fundamental instinct and i thought that he really wanted to achieve a peaceful negotiation between the united states. and he was willing to cut some co in us in order to do it. and in some ways, i thought of him later, it's sort of afford on a fraction of, of good bunch of in the sense that he had understood that was something wrong with that. just so much with those met face to face was right with symbolism. but in reality, it came down to the withdrawal from fee and then

a nuclear warheads who was calling the shots to send you a head precious little time to figure out oppression and strategy. you get a good, good april. i'm confident paste. this. america would drain and so the union and so on practical negotiations on weapons. he was very by said, good co operative i know there was a big debate in america that they was threatening to the chief of the stride capability. i never believe that in history has shown that it was totally concept. cocktail diplomacy went to foster many people's tastes, and the us was henry kissinger, gambling with the nations pride. he believed that he had to maneuver in a, in an agile and sometimes quite cynical way in order to compensate for the

the absence of strength from the american position. and if you ask about re, i'll pull it take in the context, i think it was the view that you have to be prepared to do things that you would rather not do and that you wouldn't do if you were not in the circumstances that you found yourself there and it doesn't go as far as saying the, the end justifies the means. but it certainly tends in that direction. so much in moscow did not bring it in to the vietnam war. increasingly desperate nixon increase in just steal themselves against the possibility of defeat. they threatened their enemy was phones as fed done in previous years.

president nixon was becoming increasingly unpredictable. most i need to his enemies, but to his closest aids. there was speculation with the us present was truly sound of mind kissing just really capitalized on his presidents weakness, turning it into a strategic strength the madman approach. true to international relations was quite unique. uh, you know, nixon nixon had this theory that if he could project a, kind of your rationality in his behavior that it would intimidate age frighten a, these foreign governments, the soviet union, china, the v as in the maze and so on. so he cultivated the image of the unpredictable president who might do something really crazy. something really awful. people wanted. how file would nixon go? really? would he use nuclear weapons?

anybody who knew next would tell you that he often made it so a bit in statement that it's because it's way of letting off steam. it never meant that it was an actual policy. so it's not hard to go through all these telephone conversations. but to that, beyond and find that he made some good and delinquent statement. kissinger frequently use the unpredictability of president nixon as a tool sometimes as a rather delicate tool, sometimes almost like a sledge hammer. uh, but the line would always be, look, i understand what you're trying to say. i understand what your point of view is, but you have to understand. i am representing this,

this very unpredictable sometimes i think he might even go so far as to say there's maniac back at the white house. and while i might be inclined to go along with your point of view, she would not. so she used nixon. nixon used here, nixon deliberation deploying you see a width and the worst case scenario to send you a headlong. so it's considered the what he said was actually not wrong. what he was saying was that again, to get the nuclear x that it's all good at. so great that unless you can convince your intact and it's that you might go further than you would normally expect even that take it seriously. that was it correct analysis. but if you act,

if you look at what he actually did, he did in foreign policy and i cannot think of any international act it took. the new cable mongering does not seem to intimidate to north vietnamese. you said you travel to paris at 1st because at lee and then repeatedly. so pace towards the negotiations carried on. phoebe is much like the war and the far east i was directly involved in the 1st secret negotiations by the end of 1969. the beginning of 1970, we had a basic agreement on a, on a withdrawal schedule for both the north vietnamese and the united states. a kind of coalition arrangement with south vietnam sharing power with the viet cong in

kind of what we called a leopard spot arrangement. in south vietnam, where, where they control part of the territory and the south vietnamese government. the other part, we could have ended that war by them, by the middle of 1970, if it hadn't been for the, the cambodian crew and any invasion. when you have 550000 troops involved and you have already lost 35000, you can test it. and it's all like a television said and said, we don't care about the people who it rely ends on. i would have cast if they'd uh, with us and to technically how to get 500000 people out of a country. if you think of them properly and people have no evacuating a few 100 people. so we saw the systematic retreat lived, strengthening the people who we had supported was a necessary cause. and in fact,

uh so i think there was no answer because the americans pictured the war ending in trial. instead, they were dependent on the goodwill of their enemies and kissed inches. negotiating counterpart later told the super pallet was humiliated. she said you have to give his old package to the faith as the honorable withdrawal which has been promised. it was not a pleasant experience because there's that it gave us the breakouts. bennett, the strategy was to maneuver us into positions in which the demoralization of the american body politic continued. in essence, the what it seemed is beautiful. it is the

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