in session minutes on d. w, we are all set and we're watching closely. we all seem to bring you the story behind the news. we wrote about unbiased information. fremont. done the radio telescopes and house to listening to what's going on in the states. they search for signals that originate many light years from us. with the health. an international research team has now discovered a new form of gravitational ways. it's, i mean, recent years that we've been able to imagine such waves directly that and coming up on tomorrow today. welcome to the detailed new science show

we have detected gravitational waves we did. it was in february 2016 of the research and succeeded in detecting a gravitational way for the 1st time produced by something that was long considered impossible. in 2023 research is that the mustang institute for radio astronomy, the chief, something no less spectacular. for the 1st time they discovered not showed, but very long gravitational ways to measure them. they needed a device that is larger than the much larger forces into many is a research instrument is essentially the size of the milky way. uh, when we look at light sources spread across the galaxy that are hundreds to thousands of light years away from the light sources that we called pulse ours. when we try to use our method to register the fluctuations. and the distances to these calls are, is

a good puts out and then so if it gets to them the size of the milky way, compare that to a tunnel several kilometers long, which was low enough to detect the 1st limitation of waves in 2015. this total was compressed and stretched by less than the diameter of an atomic nicholas on the whole process. last it just a few seconds. short rotational waves created when 2 black coles opened each other and finally, much only for a few seconds saw the resulting gravitational waves. powerful enough to be registered on this. but back in the 1990s, michele, tom and his colleagues set out to discover a completely different type of gravitational way, the gravitational long way. it was anything but such and that they would find it. but they had a legend re telescope to assist them. the f of book radio telescope in germany's western eiffel region, measuring a 100 meters across its, been in operation for decades,

updated continually on active and searching for gravitational long waives the physical therapist by the telescope. and apples very just provided the longest data set and world wide in this experiment that happens at most if we've been recording data since 1995 and monthly and weekly intervals. and that has never been interrupted. and so it forms the backbone of this experiment. at least at the european level, if not world wide sites have been shred for the actual stake radio telescope looks best special stars, cold poll phones that emit radio light waves at regular intervals like a lighthouse for a long reputation of wave passage between the stalls and the telescope, over many years, the distance between us and the style changes delaying the light weights a rifle on it. that's how the long gravitational waves were discovered. that created when 2 super massive black coles will be to each other. the mass is billions of times. great, a no sun discussing this interview with the black holes that we look at have

orbital periods of 10 or 20 years. so in order to be sure that what you're seeing really is such a system, you have to absorb it for a long time and angular type. we call it detection in slow motion with i. e. our signal builds up slowly and becomes more and more significant. all right, and you have to be patient to come and look long enough until you are sufficiently convinced and that the signal you're seeing is really real. that's why when will happen something. now this one is the toughest as healthy as the essence. but i'm kinda as powerful but not sufficient. tony. so a whole network of radio telescopes was organized across here at this network is now listening in on the black coal smoke talk, so to speak have nice as a medicine. so i like to compare it to a cocktail tardy and tom is so you have couples talking to each other all over the place, the, the white homes. and then there's that general hum of conversation throughout the room and comes in a group is coordinates a couple of years ago. and we started hearing something from pa,

yeah. now we know that systematic, we see that there are people talking with the we can't yet distinguish all the snippets of conversation stuff by law. it is in but hopefully in a few years time will be able to discern some of the conversations and pion come as an open question. things question. in addition to the actual spec, telescope is the most important part. if the you are in network studying gravitational weights, similar experiments are underway. on other confidence. in june 2023, they all and failed the results with of buying the long waves where identified now they're being studied. we knows that the universe is expanding. but how is that happening? that's one of the questions that the new european space telescope euclid aims to onsite launched in july 2023. its task is to create a 3 d map of cosmos. cape canaveral on july 1st,

2023. a textbook launch of a space x rocket appearing that you could tell the scope into space. the point at which euclid was to begin its precision measurements was one and a half 1000000 kilometers away. that's 3 times further than the moon. steve separation from the 1.2 ton telescope pieces away from the irs and the sun shield protects it from the heat of the sun's rays. keeping the telescope cool, and protected from bright light helps to obtain sharper images. the primary mirror measures 1.2 meters across and allows euclid to look at galaxies, up to 10000000000 light years away. it will be studying dark matter and dark energy, which influence galaxies under causing the universe to expand ever faster. dark

matter is invisible, but can be observed by its gravitational effect on galaxies. you can, it is very special because this camera will have such as precise accuracy in terms of how we understand the way the camera. what is it will actually be able to measure the shape of the galaxy? we know that gravity, i just need to store the sites of galaxies. and so we'll be able to understand how my affects galaxies and expansion. euclid will take several 100000 images. precisely, mapping out around a 3rd of the cosmos. the t for the telescope looks into space, the further it can see back into the past. so the photos are not only a current snapshot, but also the document how large structures in the universe developed, including galaxies and galaxy clusters, as well as the vast filaments of dark matter that draw them together. their dining

mix will provide information about the dark side of the universe. euclid is tasked with answering 5 questions. how is dark matter distributed throughout the universe? how did the expanding universe evolve over time? what does that tell us about the characteristics of dark energy? has proportions of dark energy changed over time? how does the universe is large scale structures form more than 3 and a half 1000 people from 21 countries are working on the euclid project to europe in space, agency or essay is overseeing it. the 1400000000 euro mission should give us a better understanding of the universe. the quality of the eclipse 1st images has been impressive. the photo still won't tell us what dark matter actually is. but knowing how it's distributed in space will provide an important basis for further research into what is probably the greatest mystery of

the universe. hundreds of sciences now eagerly await you clicked insights into the cosmos. it will then take years to analyze the data and now is it to you think you have a science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your question on the shows, we'll send a small gift as a thing to this week's question comes from daniel fernando. as in colombia, can you see this dos when the surface of the moon on a clear night air on is the sky is lifted with countless stones.

but if we were in a big city, we only see a few because our surroundings are too bright. it's the same when there's a full moon and it's light out, shines everything else if we're in a job pace, on the other hand, we see many stones twinkling. that twinkling is caused by the is up to see. when the starlight passes through the atmosphere, it hits names of different temperatures and is diffracted. the moon has no, let's see it. that means nights of the sun shines on, hinges on the surface. illuminating it bright be. but areas in shadow remain extreme. the dog. historical footage of minds missions to the moon show the apollo astronauts against the backdrop of a black sky, a sky without stars that raise questions about whether they ask them what should

really be to them in or whether the whole thing was staged. much later that could be a space proved also showed up black sky. it's simply because the earth and your assistance of the moon is so bright. the cameras couldn't pick up the stones just like in the city when most at the stars are no longer visible. the in 1972 astro notes on the apollo 16 mission, photograph the earth and this guy on the moon in ultra violet light. the images are listed with bright, don't saw stars. so they can be seen from the mean. and you actually have an unobstructed view of them, just like on the international space station, which floats above the s. it must be it. so for that reason, the stars don't appear to twinkle like they do down here on the will. we

always have in us from which we can gaze at the sky given to move in 12000 nuclear weapons that still exist worldwide. it's a legitimate question. we haven't even managed to achieve a hope to meet the weapons testing. we can monitor this easily thanks to a well like network of measuring stations that register every kind of test we visit one such listening in germany. the facility is located close to germany's border with the check republic and austria. lar serrano from the institute for geosciences in hanover, comes here once a year to do maintenance work. the station was built in the 1980s to monitor the soviet union, nuclear weapons tests. these days, the focus is on countries like north korea and china. this is this team,

is it in the x v systems can i don't if i explosions very accurately pinpointing their location and measuring their strength. wisconsin, his team is thoughtful. that nonsense x and the way this detection and a den, a fide every an authorized test since 1996 isn't to fits yet. in the surroundings, very and forest shops like this one conceals sized monitors. opening the chef is strictly forbidden under normal circumstances. but today these devices are switched off, ready for maintenance. so they're located at a depth of 5 meters on granite rocks where they can detect even the smallest tremors into horizontal directions and vertically messing yeah, within, we have 26 sized monitors here. measuring tremors in the earth and the 5 been so if an earthquake or explosion occurs somewhere in the world is what it will limit

vibrations to. and if those vibrations are strong enough, they'll be picked up here. that the last nuclear weapons tested north korea released vast amounts of energy just like in an earthquake. the tremors traveled quickly through the earth's core and more slowly along the surface. after just 11 minutes, the alarm sounded here in hanover at the german government's earthquake center. this is where the signal is from the measuring stations and the variance, forest and elsewhere are recorded. the strength of the tremors and their precise location can be pinpointed exactly. and we have 6 star because if we had a powerful size my logical event right now, we would see something like what we have here indicating perhaps weaker events. so we have a horizontal line here and what this means that all the stations registered a lot of energy at the same time. it's back to the measuring station and the variance forest state of the art in for sound systems are also located in the

surrounding woods. they verify the size make measurements with additional readings . these instruments are well hidden, so lar serrano has trouble finding them. tons. there's so well camouflage to come, which is you can only see the individual measuring points once you're standing right in front of them. 100, some it's vivian. so even we who know where they are and can't just spot them in passing. each one comprises 96 steel tubes lying on the ground and pointing in every conceiving will directions they can detect the smallest changes in air pressure, such as those caused by nuclear weapons test. this is organism i listen via the using these images. we measure the air pressure at this point here, this, this air pressure say don't then passes through the stainless steel pipe system. we're measuring low frequency sound here. so that's in for sound waves that humans can here with frequencies of 4 hertz or less. sometimes for up to minutes at

a time, a vision for sound waves because they have such a low frequency can travel over a very, very long distances. so tens of thousands of kilometers. the solitude and tranquillity of this border region make it an ideal locations for the measurements . they take place around the clock. underground tests are registered just like earthquakes. seismic events are recorded and analyzed by over 300 such measuring stations worldwide. and it's not i constructed for so if an event takes place, we have for 5 or even 10 or 12 of these measuring stations that have picked it up and bail showed the direction it came from. so we can locate where the cross can pinpoint the location precisely no test the. the last underground nuclear weapons test carried out by north korea in 2017 triggered a creek measuring 6.4 on the richter scale. in the past 25 years,

only the united states, india, pakistan and north korea have carried out such tests. in theory, they are banned by an international treaty, but it's never come into force. still lar serrano believes it's important to monitor these activities and make every test public existence theme. this system makes our world safer food. when placed about it's making a significant contribution towards one day having a world free of nuclear weapons. and, and even if you say the cold war or kaiser, which used to be or motivation so is over, it's of course still an important color of global security policy. especially in today's world that globe binds the sides pretty take and it could become even more important if some countries, once again, start testing nuclear weapons. the teacher knows that access to quantum computers is as restricted as the trade in

weapons. great new materials. this is to ensure that quantum computers don't fall into the wrong hands because the technology is set to be able to crack all encryption codes worldwide, shouldn't finally function as intended. that's one reason why many countries are investing billions to finance the development of this technology with china leading the way by 2020 to aging, had some 15.3 d m. us dollars into quantum computing. other industrialized nations are often investing heavily. but how did these machines actually look at says loans, quantum computers look more like a launch refrigerated barrel. not exactly spectacular. the secret lies within a quantum computer has to be kept incredibly cold. print superconducting components

to work that code quantum date so cubits especially. they need cooling systems, laser policies on control technology. a computer like this will probably never grace and office desk, but it's cubits can do way, mold and conventional. but normally these computers are kept under lock and key, but it ibm research center in switzerland. we get to have a sneak peak at one from a mazda of each other. okay, now, so this is a quantum computer that hate the moment. it's kind, it doesn't have a processor in it right now that the only thing that all the loading some below that is the actual, the quantum processor of us makes a what you see here and see what is the refrigerator capable of cooling down to what we call absolute 0, toyota, which is minus 275 degrees celsius at all, and say the seals and foss, new tubing. this helps to shield the processes from outside influences to understand of quantum computers. what you have to do is deep into the world of the

smallest particles, the item. it's the world of quantum mechanics. a strange will nice, disturbing wells. that's fascinating to hear. everything is constantly in motion overlapping on, often in several places at once. it's hard to growth quite literally, because as soon as you try to measure something here, the quantum states dissolve. so you 1st have to learn how they work. in the past, we only familiar with conventional beds which are electrical circuits with transistors that can either be 041. this digital well can be wired logically. what each circuit is processed in sequence one off to the other very quickly, but always one off to the other. in the quantum computer bits become cubits. they can be manipulated by a microwave or laser pulses,

thus described many most states of and just one or see right in the so called superposition, a cubit and can be one on 0, but the same time and all states between the it's rather like a spinning coined as long as it's spinning, the decision is open only when you measure this the cubic choose one of the 2 conventional states. unacceptable will help illustrate what this means. in practice, a computer resolves to find the most direct cost in a complex system. a conventional computer works to old possible pulse, one of to the other. the more complex the task, the longer it takes, a quantum computer with it's connected cubits can try out all the possible path symbols heinously and still find the best route much more quickly. but it says i

can the so now you've learned about 2 important properties of the quantum computer . technically at 1st, the superposition law that you can be in 2 states at the same time on coffee. but the other thing is with them if you have more cubits, and this leads to an extreme increase in the number of possibilities that you can look at simultaneously. i'm going to stick long. this is called quantum parallelism going to be on and that makes the quantum computer is very powerful and very fast. so i'm off this now. what are the possibilities of this quantum power level as i'm responding? also, one cubic in superposition can describe 2 states simultaneously. a 0 on a one with 2 cubits that increases to full state the combinations 0 and 00110 on 11. each additional cubic doubles the number of possible civil, tiny states. so with 3 cubits the 8 combinations. with full

it's 16. it increases exponentially. a system with 10 cubits can already make use of 1024 states. symbols heinously with 20 cubits. that number rises to over 1000000 with 33 cubits. you could execute operations on most states, and they're all people on this. with a $166.00 cubits it's mold and all the items on s, on with $279.00 cubits. you could work symbols, heinously. what about as many states, etc. thought to be items in the entire universe, 971 step to invite intel in an unimaginable number with a to 7 digits. so quantum have a lot of them, makes extremely complex computing possible. but what could quantum computers best be useful? stuff on zone or

a specialist in quantum algorithms says that's suitable for highly complex simulations with almost n. this possibilities by speaking of the examples could include carbon secrets duration. so in this extensive, the development of synthetic fuels, i said we don't know how to make them more energy efficient supplementing. so the examples often relate to energy efficiency. again, this kind of that concludes the development of new catalysts, or a better understanding of chemical processes and all other examples include the development of new drugs that work better. and we do have a more targeted effect and fewer side effects. for example, in the long term, that's a possible application that could have a huge impact on society to this claim. and i suppose off off because i talked talking kind of taking the example of medicine. imagine every person receiving their own personal medication tailored to the illness and to them. quantum computers could calculate what that would need to look like. for agriculture, quantum computers could make farming green us by helping to optimize the production

of ammonia making the production of fertilizer, most sustainable funding, logistics initial experiments are already underway. an extremely busy, potent los angeles. quantum like systems have optimize the handling of containments . that's helping to save a lot of money on results is so the phone one to computers, austin and evans and see. but the potential is huge. we have not about science and technology. that's like d, w. science is now on take what you want to gravitational the way that that is when the people begin getting high and laughing gas how do i need drums boogie to the beads?

and what's the perfect king footboard find? find the on says gets most dw signs on new, tick, tock channel, and that's it for today. thanks for watching tomorrow or to date. the dw sign to see you next time the, the, the

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