what secrets lie behind these discovered new adventures and 360 degrees and explore fascinating. both heritage dw world heritage 360 now gets ready for an exciting out until you look surprised. i wish up now, and i am ready to dive into the house of tillman to us the coupon we have you have a one does not delete this a port of this card via included in the, on the vehicle. this process and unexpected size supplies enjoyed. so much as to what did you do before i came to china. she survived. oh sure. it's thanks to music. he was the nazis favorite conductor, is more on the the genuine to musicians under the

swastika. a documentary about this sounds of power, inspiring story about survival of the home or do you go get the tennis? i was the only one, usually nazi germany. watch now on youtube dw documentary. the, [000:00:00;00] the as nation's go. the vatican is tiny. but on the stage of world history, it's a giant the magnificent buildings of vatican city were built around the humble tomb of saint peter. even the 1st basilica on the site was almost as large as no true dom and paris. yeah,

of course and killing me. structure was over 120 meters long and 66 inches wide. its dimensions were colossal valley. and the successor to the 1st basilica is even more impressive. st. peter's basilica was intended to be the largest church in the world, covering over 20000 square meters. the size of 3 soccer fields. it can hold $60000.00 worshippers, both in size, but also even in its aesthetic qualities. it needs to be grand a year old in order to impress if visitors, building a church of this size present to the norm is technical challenges. not least of which was how to build a 42 meter diameter down 110 meters above the ground. the chair and rings were incorporated into the don't say the large amount of iron made it

a very modern structure. the in the middle of st. peter's square stands and of the list wing over $300.00 tons. to raise it, a wooden structure was built that served as both a crane and a means of transporting it. about 900 met, hundreds and 40 full horses and 40 inches in the vatican. city architecture is entirely at the surface of the church. a secret 800 meter long passage way was reserved for the pope's exclusive use. and documents from the early days of christianity are stored in an underground bunker field gets linked to the 80 kilometers of shelves. behind these architectural wonders lying unimaginable number of technical challenges. michelangelo not only painted the sistine chapel, but also devised the necessary scaffolding himself. and bernini conceived

a highly original design for saint peter square. about 300000 pieces can fit into the piazza. the vatican allows us to see what is normally closed to prying eyes. and 3 d animation immersed as us and the cities. amazing architecture join us as we bring the secrets of the holy city to light. the vatican lies in the heart of italy, nestled in the city of rome. it is less than half a square kilometer in area, a 3rd of which is made up of gardens in parts excluding a few plots of land outside the city proper. the vatican is only

a 5th. the size of monica. the pontiff stands at the head of the small nation, protected by 135 swiss guards. the vatican may be a micro nation, but it is the spiritual guiding light. for 1300000000 christians across the world, the if you think about it 2000 years ago, there was nothing on the vatican hill to understand how was city state with the norm is symbolic power was created from nothing or almost nothing. we have just started st. peter's basilica, more than 20000 visitors descend on the cathedral every day. to admire the architectural masterpiece, the lavish decor and the christian imagery,

news. but the origins of saint peter's basilica light the need that's marble, floors at the exact spot where the famous 28 meter high bronze canopy stands, the if you were to dig down 10 meters, you would discover that in the crop police late here before the cathedral was built the and then the company that the men acropolis was laid out along a small road. and that's literally, yeah, these burial sites were located here on the hill. they were placed on the outskirts of the city because the ancient romans divided the living from the dead. wave on the city was the realm of the living. and the dead lived outside it. d. e more simple. at that time, this graveyard was actually outside the city of rome. it's well preserved and still

contains tombs, some of which are over 2000 years old. and near this, the acropolis is another building that played an important role for the vatican. down the hill from the cemetery, amber, a collegial, a, had a roman arena, built to legal, not able to, we cause legally built a venue that he then left all the successors, including euro, which is why it is also known as the circus of curricula in nero. in the middle, the circus was 500 meters law, 100 meters wide and could hold up to 20000 spectators. it was the site of a pivotal event and the story of christianity. at the foot of this obelisk in the year 6480. after the great fire of rome and 64, a, d, m for nero, decided to blame the christians and to set up

a mixture spot of execution. in this surface, he executed saint peter crucified upside down, and his friends are given the body of a 70 year old dead man, which they have to very quickly. and they buried him in a hole in the ground. this simple hole in the middle of an acropolis became a pilgrimage shrine for christians from all over the world. emperor constantine, 250 years later, was the 1st roman emperor to convert to christianity. he had a church built there, laying the foundation for what later became saint peter's basilica. the church that we know today is saint john letter and was the 1st church built. and that was a series of other churches dedicated to st. peter, paul lawrence cetera. the bit silly because it konstantin built for st. peter was probably the most complex project because the one requisite was that the

2 of saint peter stay where it was and become the central space of the church. this is an efforts to preserve the exact spot of peter's to which is really beyond the ordinary, this unusual project to begin with, dismantling the circus of curricula and nero only. the obelisk in the middle remained after the stones were removed, the slope of the hillside on which the basilica was to be built, had to be levelled off in order to do this, since peter's too was on a hillside, the engineers had to lop off the top of the hill in order to create a flat plateau. begonia for the uphill slope had to be excavated, and the soil used to in silver sloped down hill of a tool named h. 5. it was stabilized off the southern metre high retaining wall. this one,

this surface on which the largest christian basilica, the time could be built, get out on the bus the because a lot people get on the bus. the guy can see the structure was over 120 meters long, and 66 meters wide. the transcript was 90 minutes across the lagoon. another 60 or 70 meters were added in front of the basilica for the atrium video. and i mean, i mean its dimensions were colossal. close radiated columns made of expensive marble, getting the marble blocks from the imperial quarries to rome. inquired complex logistical planning. in the late middle ages, when the basilica was almost a 1000 years old, it needed renovation. and numerous alterations had greatly changed its appearance.

building with many sections added to a punk clear, and maybe even on fits for religious ceremonies that were taking place or should the original basilica be renovated and further altered or simply demolished . the church shows the 2nd option and plan and even more colossal building they want to something that would reflect a new power at this stage of renaissance papacy in size, but also in its form. it's a static qualities. it needs to be grandiose. the dome of saint peters basilica is a symbol of this grand year. from below, it looks as if it was built with consummate ease. but the reality was quite different. constructing the don't and the rest of the feature was an adventure to say the least,

the ceremonies lawyers by all the architects that have been involved in the project . so found on to my, to the i'm slow, the 4th time, monday or not. but how to connect all these drawings, and i'm a stylist who is doing watch and what needs to watch that is very difficult also to solve. the 1st pieces of the puzzle include an extraordinary pope julie as the 2nd and a star of italian architecture to not to put them onto together, they began with st. peter's basilica project. the layout does not resemble of that across as churches usually do, but takes the form of a greek cross with a central don't. for smaller, neighboring downs and for towers or mounted designs are great cross projects which agrees with renaissance ideas of the ideal buildings. and we say

spiritual, i dears, gold being the center of the universe because i'm gonna jump over again. and this was, i mean, innovative project, bob. nothing like is it ever been done before? and so it required huge financial and material investment. it had the purposeful and generous important that you can face. romantic models is still a month end of the pansy on built in ancient times and only 2 kilometers from the vatican. the nearly 2000 year old building has survived because the architects of the time had mastered the use of concrete. the from monte adopted the shape of the pantheon down, but raised the dome of saint peter's by several dozen meters. respect your secretaries at saint peters is a grandiose cathedral with

a central floor plan. you can please yet the gigantic don't rest on for killers with 4 large fortress i'm use of what i mean that the cheap one. when i said we made that, and even if it was technically difficult to build, picking us the structure not only had to be directed but also had to last for a long time. so it has to be able to support its own ways to stand as well. as with stan earthquake causes that storms and other unforeseen events over the course of time, i didn't remote particularly soon as she said 0. and you can note the important let me work began on the new st. peter's basilica in 15 o 6 and remained a one of a kind construction site for almost 120 years. but typically i think this was certainly the largest construction site in the world at the time mind letting me what i didn't realize to construct such a building, you not only needs brakes, limestone, travertine, and marble,

but also materials such as iron lead and 10 federal bureau of course, this is also true for other cathedrals, but especially for st. peter's because it is so big i. k, i know, been involved with construction not only touched what is now the laws your region, but practically the whole of your whole. the best sums of funding were raised work progress slowly. pope julie as the 2nd died and $1513.00 and not till bermonte followed a year later by then the structural corps of saint peter's had been completed, including the 4 columns and their connecting arches. but construction of the town had not even begun and it was not clear if it could be built at all. the successors of julius the 2nd dental not to bermonte, now had to contend with a half finished show. if you think about the number of health and the number of architects, it is

a very long winded for tax knots longer than any other projects that any other pulse on the to the future of saint peters remained uncertain. for 40 years, it was as if the project was cursed, architect after architect brought only sluggish progress. one of these rough buyout plan to transform the layouts into a latin cross with a classical name. when he died, 37, his plans died with him. raphael successor, antonio, the son jello pondered a wouldn't model for 8 years without thing a single stone the the 1st architect to bring momentum back to the project. despite his advanced years was michelangelo the almost out of desperation. hope all of the 3rd summit, michaelangelo, when i rotate in november 15, 46 because all the other great masters had done it already must be too good on the

device that most people pull this, the tulsa's michelangelo to become the architect to some piece. he's 72 years old. by this point, you know, absolutely incredible. the could be a master still achieve a stroke of genius that $72.00. would you live long enough to leave his mark on the building? and how would he go about building the huge down? these questions remained unanswered for the time being. like for a month, he wants to bills a hand. this farrah done michelangelo admired the punchy, and he said that it was built by angels and not by man. these are the most difficult times to build because the nature of the hemisphere want to

implement michaelangelo again, took up romantic original idea of the basilica with this central town. partly because perfect symmetry represented purity. and partly for reasons of cost. you couldn't just think of something completely out of the appeal, so you have to work with what was already standing because it wouldn't been far too expensive to tear down everything and then doing something. but michelangelo wanted to set an example as an artist and master builder. his don't was to be the largest ever built to get a general michaelangelo designed a revolutionary deal. it is basically a double jones with 2 domes that sits on top of each other but hardly touch god. they are separate from each other and the inner don't, there's the way it gets. walls are barely one meter thick. apple that will be

specific. don't this 42 liters and diameter man. so this was very daring. i mean get the idea behind michelangelo's double. don't me is that the pair of the load and together one and reinforced each other because they are connected at the edge. you see the jammed the land turn that over to you. so for me say i did it in a lot on the don't wrists on a ring shape, september or drum which is clad with 15 meter high double columns at the top. the click to launch and i just didn't live to see those jobs. nice to finish is the drum one. then we want a, the silica look very strange when he died, a switch a suit, and his building successor inherited a time or without of no pressing who would finally achieve the

seemingly impossible task of building the don't the michaelangelo successor, the 3rd cathedral architect was giacomo de la port and when he showed the pope his design, he knew exactly what sort of challenges awaited him. 6 is the 5th half of the day and says, oh the poor to how long is this guy? how parent pines, michelangelo is 17 years to build the drum. so the poor to assess 10 years, which is a massive underestimate to build the signal was done twice the height of the past 6. the says, you have to to complete to a record to don't within such a short time frame, deal a port to altered michelangelo's design fee replace the hemisphere with a peak arch. raising the dome,

another 7 meters to retain the idea of the double zones. but his shells would thicker, and thanks to internal rips, much more stable. i put a sense of a postponing these rid of this better distributed wave is to the load bearing surface. so the drum below think about that. the 2nd advantage here is that the ribs connected with the 2 shells score so that they move together in the foundation of settles a level or in an earthquake quote. so they are a much stronger and more stable ones. here it was, the de la porto also had middle reinforcements built into the don't structure on all 3 of the chairs and there are 3 metal rings in the door and 4 more and in the lantern is that, i mean it is further reinforced by chains, iron plates and metal rods means the large amount of iron made it

a very modern structure means to the iron plays and especially important role for the lantern. at a 110 meters above the ground, it is completely exposed to the winds and so tends to vibrate tasks out loud. yeah . so would have to flex as much as possible and like to ask the guy that was he's, he might say technical stroke of genius that made it possible to build its own actually even higher than like sometimes what happens. and this is also a cheap by his work, cuz on site building 247 around the cool delta pools, finishes vista in 22 months. so john, on the success of the 52 year time limit the in 16 o 312 years after the construction of the main don't the new cheap architect calling on my down know, had the oldest silica demolished,

the the name was built in its place, making saint peter's basilica, the largest church in the world. but the facade was massive and blocked the view of the don't from st. peter's square, the police definitely so not a, from a functional point of view. everything was perfect. but michelangelo's design had been disfigured. i don't see, i should be up with you that you could no longer see the don't especially the timber, which was a key element to the don't on my that machine. and we're still maturing. know, chose this type of facade because it resembled a palace facade. and gave the impression that there was an institution within your architect, john, lorenzo bettany was given the task of reducing the facade mass of appearance and bringing the dome back to the fore. on paper,

the silver sion seemed relatively simple. but for vanity, it turned into a nightmare. bringing was commission to build some towers on the facade that had been erected by. but because the lines on which stopped part of the structure standing are quite marshy. the foundations were moving off to supports these towers . so when he starts to build these towers fairly quick, the cracks appear in the facades of saint peters have made clear about tactics v. this was not possible. despite this set, that benny would ultimately leave a deep impression. it was he who designed the best silicates interior from the canopy over saint peter's tomb, to the adornment of the don't support pillars and the church flooring. the a few years later he was entrusted with a task that would also shape the architecture of the vatican. the he was

commissioned to design st. peter's square in whatever shape of things take. the primary specification is to do with as many people as opposed to being able to see the benediction on the facade. benny had to contend with a 25 meter tall papa lisk. this monolith weighing over 300 tons, was still standing where it had been in the old circus. but in the future, it was to mark the middle of the square in front of saint peter's basilica. we estimate that about 300000 people can fit into the p f. this is an extraordinary mine booklet amount of people which tells you something about

the scale of the structure than any one to, to place them on the list in the middle of the future. square, because saint peter had died, edit sports. and because pope 6 this, the 5th at erected obelisk all over room as symbols of power. but also as a landmarks for pilgrims, 6 is the 5th, is the post. the rear rags was also the list that you see standing in room today. he's taking on bull, which was the ancient roman emperor. it stated the symbols of power. those are the wo, put them in strategic locations that would help to cruise navigates through the city . moving a more than $300.00 ton obelisk was a risky endeavor. the riddle, granite could break if it was dragged to another place. so the pope announced the

competition for ideas that is a european wide competition. i'm probably something around 500 submissions was sent to the post, trying to come up with various solutions. one of the suggestions that came name was pray via tell in domenico fontana when the competition the architect came up, not with a prayer, but and astonishing machine. the main construction name is called the cast. this is a boeing you mental which is framed up the functions as various areas of support for the ropes and the wind shift as a crate to list it all, but also to protect it. as is being slowed down to

protect the granite as much as possible. the obelisk was 1st clad with timber. the castelow battalion for castle then raised the monument. the next, the monolith was placed on a ramp resting on tree trunks. this ramp on rollers had dropped bars on which people and horses pulled together. this allow the entire structure, including the obelisk to be moved. what he's using is 900 . a 144 and 40. when using to the right to re record the ultimate it took $37.00

days to cover the almost 300 meters to the new location. despite the crowds of people watching, the operation took place in complete silence because the pope had threatened anyone disturbing the work with death from the obelisk was finally ready to be raised. disaster almost struck. it gets to the very dramatic moment when the over this is kind of at this angle, the roots of he to the home and have become slot. it really looks like it's going to end in dissolved. and then a sailor obviously is going to know about road prize out from the crowd. dominican some toner, immediately realize that by putting water on these whole groups, they voltage. and this is what happens. besides, the humblest bernini had another problem to solve. the app is called

a palace. well, they're not going to demolish the act. the solar palace is this talk too much investment. the sumptuous decoration, and the whole complex bernini had to come up with, lay out for the square that would effectively bypass the palace. his 1st design was a trump, is only the, at the open side of the trump, the soil. he drew 2 circles arranged so that the obelisk was exactly in the middle . the, the result was an oval shaped piazza, the why the old with an o. you create me, which makes it feel, but when we put the chip easily and the shape that is potentially another, get turned into a key size, possibly,

referencing the keys of some piece and the key to salvation. the effect was spectacular. $284.00 columns, 16 meters tall, forming 2 arms that welcomed and embraced the faithful in the piazza. these are composed of being full. colin's deep stock divide the space up into 3 passage rays, so the central one is the largest wide enough the carriages to go through and then the 2 small ones by the sides for pedestrians. the columns were carved from bind trevor teeth and varied in diameter. in some parts of the piazza, the 4 ro colonnade was interrupted and continued with

a single row of columns to crown at all. their need had $140.00 statues, installed each over 3 meters tall. this last major building project at the complex was completed in 10 years, but was not met with universal susie as him. regardless of all the world problems, it's still very, very quick. but on the most criticism, not only costs but of design, a lot of people. so the design was hideous. in his design, bernini had envisioned a 3rd colony, intended to surprise visitors when they 1st saw the basilica from the piazza. but when pope alexander the 7th died, no pope after him was willing to commit to the expensive building project zone to the southern dines when the piazza is complete,

it has already cost squarely. and in fact, an estimate has been done for the cost of the building of the whole of some pieces . the piazza is somewhere in the region of $9000000000.00 with it spectacular design. st. peter's square is the most symbolic and famous gateway to the vatican city, state. beyond the symbolic border, you are officially no longer in vatican, but in a town in territory, you crossed from one country to another without even realizing it, just by setting foot in the square. but there is another largely secret way in and out. this 800 meter long cord or behind the arcades of saint peter's square is known as the past set to the board of go or the bar go passage. how was this tunnel created? what was it used for?

was it there to spirit popes in danger out of the vatican? or was it used for dr. purposes? it was built as a covered passage, which people would not see what was going on. pat inside, it does cool all sorts of stories in the pipes. going to meet the mistresses in cost us a time 0 pull. going to see the execution of somebody. they particularly hated the vatican was not always surrounded by a wall. in fact, a transformative event had to occur before the pope decided he had to better protect himself. a 46 for cyrus, and this will take cost you on the phone. so i'm right that i have to enter the city thoughts. they suck the stuff up in the churches. it's certainly

a terrible show to western christian. this is very important to defend the history of asking because it triggers the building of a wall which has become in a 48. it took 4 years to complete the wall. today only a few sections remain built in tale of brendan briggs with some great flux to stay. but it's probably about 8 meters high, 2 and a half inches thick, with towers along it up to about $22.00 or $25.00 tons. and that will link costs or sometimes, or to the batch. gonna hill up behind some pages and then runs down the other side. for me, a little rectangular strip, which is the, about 3 kilometers long. in the 13th century,

and 800 meter long section was altered using this prostate to the boat. though the pope could reach the nearby castile sand on zillow fortress from the up a solid palace. it's a way of thinking about going to cost us in town 0. if i was going down into the street, the presence of the fortress of castillo sometimes draws a safe haven because people position in rome was always resting no time the from the outside, but also by you know, right? some difficulties inside the city. this strategically important passage was modified again in the 15th century. the city wall was raised and the former battlements became a tunnel with defensive slits for embrace. years on both sides. again, an open passage late along the top. so you could have sold as above. so just

below and also soldiers can move freely on the cover invisibly along this low compet passage way. in the eventful history of the vatican, the best set to the portico twice proved its worth as a lifeline. 1494 when colleagues onto the 6th is threatened by the french king charles to 8, and he pauses down the process. so 2 color design, just most famously in 1527. columbus has to flee the troops of the emperor of charles the 5th. because you have to imagine, not just the pope gained on the process of the whole contract of car nose and bureaucrats. and this is probably a one is the same as you know, chaos inside the best set to apart from these 2 tens, military episodes, very little is really known about what the passage was used for. but there are

plenty of rumors about secret rendezvous. synchronizing nations are a feature of political life. suppose that there is a source of glorified facts, this but because it secret mr. off around it. and we will never really following the last attack and $1527.00 piece range for the vatican for 2 and a half centuries. during this time, further, architectural projects were completed. of course, work on saint peters, basilica continued, but other no less. astonishing buildings were also erected like this tower. it's called the taut a dave and the tower of the winds and marks the 2nd highest point to the vatican. it was not field to watch for enemies, but to study the stars. but why was the vatican interested in astronomy?

what influence did the tower have on the world's calendars? and why was a hole boards in the side of the tower? the attorney opening was boarding, the sounds facade. it's only about 4 centimeters in diameter. tickets ultimate at 73 meters tall. the tower is visible from afar, but it's not open to the public. it was a record at the end of the 16th century with a very specific purpose. nichols to show the tower of the winds. it was built between 15781582 confirm a calendar reform that the pope wanted to complete before the end of this bunch of tickets, sodium on the new york state. they am the father of sending it to the pope in question with gregory the 13th and with this tower, he hoped to correct the old julian calendar, which had been introduced by julius caesar. it was not accurate enough and shifted

the dates of religious holidays over the centuries. so actually, so the julian calendar doesn't work very well because of the inaccurate in pringle home. the julian year is about 11 minutes longer than the average solar year olds mean these 11 minutes accumulate over time. after about 120 years, the discrepancy amounts to a whole day off. behind the doors of a room on the 2nd floor, the traces left behind by the world famous astronomer. if not see a don t r still visible. the eye on a wall in the middle of a fresco is an oculus, a hole through which sunlight falls. a line has been chiseled into the marble floor, a meridian running from north to south fit, you know, selected at the moment the sun reaches its highest point in the sky. a is position is projected onto this line,

is just sitting in the sun's entry into the various constellations can be marked on the line. thank you so late on digital signatures, which are the most important moments of the spring and fall equinoxes in the summer and winter solstice. is it the decisive test wasn't 1581 connection. you know that there's, there's no record of this, but it said that pope gregory the 13th, came to this line on march 21st 15 by one to verify with his own eyes that this reform was necessary to the truck. to click on that day, he observed the ray of sunlight falling through the occupants. 5.2 meters above the floor. according to, if not so dantes calculations, the spot of light should have been in the constellation of aries the 1st where they took away. i mean, the sun was supposed to be at this position on the line at 12 noon that's but it

wasn't. indeed you have already moved on considerably. it was a good position. the 2 positions were 11 days of hard to think of any of this was in fact the difference between the theoretical equinox and the actual equinox at the time of the simple best the calendar was performed the next year to compensate for the shift officials change to leap years were calculated and short in the month of october. so pretty much is simply struck 10 days from the calendar. the day after october, 5th, 1582 became october 15 miles of co counsel sancho type the presentation in the tower of the winds or the gregorian tower only confirmed the earlier work of a scientific commission. but it staging symbolized at the pope's power. this hole would have far reaching consequences and the gory and calendar would later dominate

throughout the world century. the reform naturally spread to catholic countries 1st and it met with resistance and protestant lands. in england, a gordon calendar was introduced in 1752 took place on the in russia for example, took until 1918 in saudi arabia was one of the last countries to adopted in 2016. on the research. everything that happened in the vatican was intentional. every work, every gesture had to demonstrate the churches greatness. and the same was true for the sistine chapel. only 200 meters from the gregorian tower. even before michelangelo arrived in the sistine chapel, it was already extraordinarily beautiful space. the chapel is a 40 meter long building,

situated parallel to saint peter's cathedral. its architecture is like that of a military structure. the long before new popes were elected in these rooms. the sistine chapel was a strategically important building. at any given time, there would be a litter team going on in that space. you would have the entire hierarchy of the church in one room. so the building was also constructed, so there was a certain amount of security for that reason. it was very easy to adapt to the function of the sistine chapel to the site where future pontiff would be elected before michaelangelo set to work the chapel had already been decorated by painters like that would you know and bought the champion. michelangelo was asked to rework the ceiling to depict the 12 apostles. the commission was not

ambitious enough for the uncompromising artist, the whole thing was crowned by a magnificent lapis last july, blue sky flecked with golden star. but the sealy began to flake and this man who never does things the way other people do, begin to in vision a declaration that would be on like anything anyone had ever seen before. the project was both an artistic and a technical challenge. more than a 1000 square meters of surface had to be painted 20 meters above the floor. the architects, though not to bermonte, had already designed scaffolding, but michelangelo rejected it. it would have to be fast into the ceiling and would have left holes in his work. michelangelo and bermonte didn't get along very well,

so i called angelo said he would handle it, selling the wooden scaffolding that michaelangelo designed was not suspended from the ceiling but rested on takes placed above the windows of the chapel. the breach on which the artist worked, followed the curve of the ceiling. this made extremely uncomfortable, work less strenuous the bridge would allow him to always be at the same distance. so basically it's just an arm's length away. the painting technically expired that he stand with his head thrown back and there were large prepared drawings of exactly what is going to go on that section of the ceiling. it would be applied either in sized or punched out and that would guide the end. while he was working for more than 3 years, michaelangelo, phone against muscle cramps, migraines and

a stiff neck. p. illustrated scenes from the bible. incorporating the ceiling bolts into his work and accomplished sculptor. he painted so organically that is figures seemed lifelike. when he had finished half the ceiling, the scaffolding was moved, so he could paint the other half, even seeing as unfinished work was like a revelation. it was hale this and master piece from the 1st moment, hopeless delighted, everyone was amazed by it. and it really, it affected art. in the immediate decades to come, michaelangelo made an exceptionally profound imprint on the sistine chapel. but his contribution to saint peter's basilica was just as unforgetable. the temper he designed inspired his successor de la portent, who placed the dome on top, their name. he then took over his vatican architect and design the magnificent

piazza in front of saint peter's basilica. but for the past 300, the years the architectural history of the vatican has been quieter. the available real estate and the world small as nation is after all, in short supply the so a lot of imagination was needed to build an archive. the, the only is actually the vatican up. a solid archives are stored on the remarkable, 80 kilometers of shelves. yesterday. hubbard where can documents covering half a square kilometer of space be stored. what do these documents contain? and why would the archives set to be secrets for over 400 years? the answers to these questions lie in the court de la de la pena. this treasury protects

a vast number of historical documents and files. the building of 5000 square meter 2 story concrete bunker, not far from the vatican, museums was designed to withstand fires. and to conduct damaging moisture to the outside the, the architects constructed an additional room on each floor for the most valuable and sensitive documents. the temperature and humidity in the special rooms are kept absolutely constant. after all, some of these documents are over 1000 years old. the speak to the most popular documents day from the 13th century and are written in mongolian good. they are, among the oldest extent, written documents, the files from the trial of galileo gun. and they are also stored there. and the documents for which luther was excommunicated in the 16th century. important

documents from religious history and diplomatic files, their cattle, their zip. among the carefully guarded treasures is a report on the trial of the knights, templar written on a 33 meter long parchments, and this document from the 16th century is the petition of the english king henry the 8th. for the enrollment of his marriage, it bears the seals and signatures of $81.00 aristocrats less sensitive documents, ordinary administrative files and diplomatic correspondence from all areas and countries are stored outside the special climate control rooms of the archive bunker. but the name that it can secret archives is misleading the system that the german vatican secret archive which was used from the 17th century

onwards, was derived from the latin terms. separate us from netflix, which refers to the pope's personal archives and absolutely not to secret contents . in upsetting of buttons to avoid this confusion coke branch has changed the name from vatican secret archive to vatican up a solid archive in 20. 19. when the options i posted in the stomach archive was founded in the 17th century, and the original storage rooms are still in use today. the volume of documents is immense and growing daily. the underground archive bunker was built in 1982. it is a gold mine for historians, but it's not accessible to everyone. the pope in office decides what can and cannot be viewed as hundreds of the archives were open to researchers under pub, leo, to 13,

at the end of the 19th century as well. they don't get either rather ambivalent undertaking to open up to historical scholarship on the one hand and to defend church history from attack on the other hand is reading from one papacy to the next is the church has opened up more and more just as me now the archives are accessible up to 1958 the. the history of the vatican continues to be written day by day. and the most recent decades of its history have a special place on shelves behind, carefully locked grills. there they wait to be analyzed by historians. many years from now the vatican continues to hold tremendous fascination. it's a unique and secret place. its architecture is extraordinary. the buildings and works of art, bear witness to the deep belief in a christian god,

but also to struggles for power, money, and prestige. reason enough for you ness, go to declare the entire territory a vatican city, a world heritage site, the the

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