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all about the final stuff in a global fashion industry. fast fashion. watch now on youtube, the, [000:00:00;00] the as nations go, the vatican is tiny. but on the stage of world history, it's a giant. the magnificent buildings of vatican city were built around the humble tomb of saint peter. even the 1st basilica on the site was almost as large as no true dom in pairs. of course,

the feeling must october was over 120 meters long and 66 satisfied its dimensions were colossal valley. and the successor to the 1st basilica is even more impressive . saint peter's basilica was intended to be the largest church in the world, covering over 20000 square meters, the size of 3 soccer fields. it can hold $60000.00 worshippers, both in size, but also even in its aesthetic qualities. it needs to be grand a year old in order to impress visitors. building a church of this size present to the norm is the technical challenges. not least of which was how to build a 42 meter diameter down 110 meters above the ground. the share in rings were incorporated into the don't say the large amount of iron made it

a very modern structure. in the middle of saint peter's square stands and obelisk weighing over $300.00 tons to raise it. a wooden structure was built that served as both a crane and a means of transporting it. about 900 met, hundreds and 40 full horses and 40 inches in vatican city. architecture is entirely at the surface of the church. a secret 800 metre long passage way was reserved for the pope's exclusive use. and documents from the early days of christianity are stored in an underground bunker called gets the link to the 80 kilometers of shelves. behind these park a tech tool, wonders line unimaginable number of technical challenges. michelangelo not only painted the sistine chapel, but also devise the necessary scaffolding himself. and bernini can see the highly

original design for st. peter's square. about 300000 pieces can fit into the piazza. the vatican allows us to see what is normally closed, to prying eyes and 3 d animation immerses us in the cities amazing architecture. join us as we bring the secrets of the holy city to light. the vatican lies in the heart of italy, nestled in the city of rome. it is less than half a square kilometer in area, a 3rd of which is made up of gardens in parts excluding a few plots of land outside the city proper. the vatican is only

a 5th. the size of monica. the pontiff stands at the head of the small nation, protected by 135 swiss guards. the vatican may be a micro nation, but it is the spiritual guiding light. for 1300000000 christians across the world. if you think about it 2000 years ago, there was nothing on nevada can help to understand how was city state with the norm is symbolic power was created from nothing or almost nothing. we have to started st . peter's basilica. more than 20000 visitors descend on the cathedral every day. to admire the architectural masterpiece, the lavish decor and the christian imagery,

news. but the origins of saint peter's basilica, lipid neat, that's marble, floors. at the exact spot where the famous 28 meter high bronze canopy stats, the if you were to dig down 10 meters, you would discover that in the acropolis late here before the cathedral was built, the any company that then acropolis was laid out along a small road and that's what these burial sites were located here on the hill, they were placed on the outskirts of the city because the ancient romans divided the living from the dead. the stream wave on the city was the realm of the living. and the dead lived outside it, a video possible before at that time, this graveyard was actually outside the city of rome. its well preserved and still

contains tombs, some of which are over 2000 years old. and near this, the acropolis is another building that played an important role for the vatican down the hill from the cemetery. ember can legally had a roman arena built legally, legally built a venue that had been left to the successors including neuro, which is why it is also known as the surface of curricula and neuro go down in the middle. the circus was 500 meters long. 100 meters wide and could hold up to 20000 spectators. it was the site of a pivotal event and the story of christianity. at the foot of this obelisk in the year 6480 after the great fire of rome and $64.00 a d. m for nero, decided to blame the christians and to set up

a makeshift spot of execution. in this surface, he executed the saint peter crucified upside down, and his friends are given the body of a 70 year old dead man, which they have to very quickly. and they buried him in a hole in the ground. this simple hole in the middle of the acropolis became a pilgrimage shrine for christians from all over the world. emperor constantine, 250 years later, was the 1st roman emperor to convert to christianity. he had a church built there, laying the foundation for what later became saint peter's basilica. the church that we know today at saint john louder and was the 1st church built. and that was followed by a series of other churches dedicated to saint peter, paul, lawrence cetera. the basilica, the constantine, built for saint peter was probably the most complex project. because the one

requisite was that the 2 of saint peter stay where it was and become the central space of the church. this is an efforts to preserve the exact spot of peter's tool, which is really beyond the ordinary. this unusual project to begin with, dismantling the circus of curricula, and nero only, the obelisk and the middle remained after the stones were removed, the slope of the hillside on which the basilica was to be built, had to be levelled off. in order to do this, since peter's too was on a hillside, the engineers had to lop off the top of the hill in order to create a flat plateau. begonia for the uphill slope had to be excavated and the soil used in the silver slope downhill of a tool named aged 5. it was stabilized off the southern metre high retaining wall.

this form to sir this almost the largest christian basilica. the time can be built, get out on the bus, the because a lot people get on the bus. the guy. yeah. of course. the structure was over 120 meters long and 66 meters wide. the transcript was 90 meters across on obama or the gamma due to another, 60 or 70 meters were added in front of the basilica for the atrium. video. and i mean, i mean it's dimensions we're colossal, co signed or aided columns made of expensive marble. getting the marble blocks from the imperial course to rome, acquired complex logistical planning. in the late middle ages, when the basilica was almost a 1000 years old, it needed renovation. and numerous alterations had greatly changed its appearance.

building with many sections added to it punk clear and maybe even on fits for religious ceremonies that were taking place or should the original basilica be renovated and further altered or simply demolished. the church shows the 2nd option and planned and even more colossal building. they want to something that would reflect the new power at the stage of the renaissance papacy in size, but also in its form. it's aesthetic qualities. it needs to be grandiose. the dome of saint peter's basilica is a symbol of this grand year. from below, it looks as if it was built with consummate ease. but the reality was quite different. constructing the dome and the rest of the cathedral was an adventure to say the least,

the ceremonies organs by all the architects that have been involved in the project . so from on to my design, slow, the 4th task monday. i know how to connect all these drawings and the steins who is doing walks and what needs to watch that is very difficult also to solve. the 1st pieces of the puzzle include an extraordinary pope, julius, the 2nd at a store, a battalion architecture to not to bermonte. together they began with saint peters, basilica projects. the layout does not resemble of that and cross as churches usually do, but takes the form of a greek cross with a central down for smaller, neighboring domes and 4 towers mounted, designed a great cross project which agrees with renaissance ideas of the ideal buildings

and with spiritual ideas, gold being in the center of the universe. because i'm gonna jump over again. this was an innovative project. bob, nothing like, is it ever been done before? and so it required huge financial and material investment. it had the purposeful and generous important that you're going to face romantic model, histone month, that of the pansy on built in ancient times and only 2 kilometers from the vatican . the nearly 2000 year old building has survived because the architects of the time had mastered the use of concrete. the from monte adopted the shape of the pantheon down but raised the dome of saint peters by several dozen meters. respect your sec jase at saint peters is a grandiose cathedral with

a central floor plan. you can please that the child can take now don't rest on for killers with for large fortress. i mean, we let the chief step one step one i said, we made that even if it was technically difficult to build, picking us the structure not only had to be directed, but also had to last for a long time, soto, it had to be able to support its own ways to spend, as well as with stan earthquake, storms and other one for seen events over the course of time by different mode. particularly sonya, she said 0 and you can know the important let me work again on the new st. peter's basilica in 15 o 6, and remain the one of a kind, construction site for almost 120 years. whatever. typically i think this was certainly the largest construction site in the world at the time my money, but i didn't really know how to construct such a building. you not only needs brakes, limestone, traveler, teen, and marble,

but also materials such as iron lead and 10. okay. i'll think about it. yeah. federal bureau, of course, this is also true for other cathedrals, but especially for st. peter's because it is so big, i get an open volatility. construction not only touched what is now the laws your region, but practically the whole of your whole. the best sums of funding were raised work progress slowly, hope julie as the 2nd died and 1513 and still not to vermont a followed a year later. by then the structural core of saint peters had been completed, including the 4 columns and their connecting arches. but construction of the dome had not even begun and it was not clear if it could be built at all. the successors of julius the 2nd dental not to bermonte, now had to contend with the half finished. sho. if you think about the number of helps and a number of architects, it is

a very long wind is for 10 knots longer than any other projects that any other pulse undertook. the future of saint peter's remains uncertain. for 40 years, it was as if the project was cursed, architect after architect brought only sluggish progress. one of these rough buyout plan to transform the layouts into a latin cross with a classical name. when he died, 37, his plans died with him. raphael successor, antonio, the son general, pondered a wouldn't model for 8 years without being a single stone, the, the 1st architect to bring momentum back to the project. despite his advanced years, was michelangelo the almost out of desperation. hope all the 3rd somebody, michaelangelo when i rotate in november 15, 46 because all the other great masters had died out. you must need to get on the

mice and we're going to be going to most people pull this the full says michelangelo to become the architect to some piece. he's 72 years old by this opponent. you know? absolutely incredible. could be a master, still achieve a stroke of genius? that's $72.00. what do you live long enough to leave his mark on the building? and how would he go about building the huge down? these questions remained unanswered for the time being. like for a month, he wants to bills a hand. this farrah done michelangelo admired the punch and he said that it was built by angels and not by man. these are the most difficult times to build

because the nature of the hemisphere wants to implode. a michaelangelo again took up vermont a's original idea of the basilica with this central down. partly because perfect symmetry represented purity. and partly for reasons of cost. you couldn't just think of something completely out of the 2. so you have to work with what was already standing because it wouldn't been far too expensive to tear down everything and then doing something. but michelangelo wanted to set an example as an artist and master builder. his don't was to be the largest ever built to get on journal or michaelangelo designed a revolutionary deal. and it is basically a double jones with 2 domes that sits on top of each other. but hardly touch god, they are separate from each other and the inner don't, there is the weight. i think it's walls are barely one meter thick. apple. but all

the spaces at home is 42 meters in diameter, man. so this was very daring. i mean, get the idea behind michelangelo's double don't mean that the pair, the load and together going and reinforce each other because they are connected at the edbc, jammed the land turn that over to you. so for me say i did it in a lot of the don't wrists on a ring shaped september or drum which is clad with 15 meter high double columns at the top. click on to that, it just says live to see that those jobs manage to finish is the drum one then we morning the silica look very strange. when he died, a switch a suit and his building successor inherited a time or without her don't pressing. who would finally achieve the

seemingly impossible task of building the don't michaelangelo successor. the 3rd cathedral architect was giacomo de la port. and when he showed the pope is designed, he knew exactly what sort of challenges awaited him. texas the 5th half of the day and says, oh the poor to how long is this guy? how parent behind michelangelo, 17 years to build the drum. so the poor to says 10 years, which is a massive underestimate to build this a new was done twice the height of a pound and 6, the says, you have to yes. to complete to a wreck to don't within such a short time frame, deal a port to altered michelangelo's design fee replace the hemisphere with a peak arch. raising the dome,

another 7 meters. he retain the idea of the double zones, but his shells would thicker, and thanks to internal ribs much more stable. i put a sense of a postponing these river spit are distributed ways to the load bearing surface. so the drum below think that out, that some states, the 2nd advantage is that the ribs connected with the 2 shells. so, so that they move together is the foundation of settles a little or in an earthquake quote. so they are a much stronger and more stable ones here. it goes to a lot of stuff in the daylight. porto also had middle reinforcements built into the don't structure on all 3 of the chairs. and there are 3 metal rings in that door. and for more in the lantern is that, i mean, it is further reinforced by chains, iron plates and metal rods really means the large amount of iron made it

a very modern instruction piece. putting, i mean, the iron plays and especially important role for the lantern at a 110 meters above the ground. it is completely exposed to the winds and so tends to vibrate us by lot. yeah. so it had to flex as much as positive, like to ask the guy the that was use, you might say technical stroke of genius that made it possible to build its own actually even higher of unlike sometimes with plans. and this is also a cheap by his work because on site building 247, around the top delta pools, finishes vista in 22 months. so it's just awesome to success. the 1st 2 year time limit the in 16 o. 312 years after the construction of the main don't the new chief architect called them? i don't know. at the old,

the silica demolished the the name was built in its place, making saint peters basilica, the largest church in the world. but the sun was massive and blocked the view of the dome from saint peter's square. to the separately from a functional point of view, everything was perfect, but michelangelo's design had been disfigured. yes, indeed it you could no longer see the don't, especially the timber, which was a key element to the don't on my that machine. you were still maternal chose this type of facade because it resembled a palace facade. and gave the impression that there was an institution within your architect, john, lorenzo bettany was given the task of reducing the facade mass of appearance and

bringing the dome back to the fore on taper the solution and seems relatively simple. but preventing it turned into a nightmare. bringing was commission to build some towers on the facade that had been rectified. but because the lines on which stopped part of the structure are standing, are quite marshy. the foundations were moving off to supports these towers. so when he starts to build these towers fairly quickly, cracks appear in the facades of saint peters have made clear about texas v. this was not possible. despite this set back, benny would ultimately leave a deep impression. it was he who designed the best silicates interior from the canopy over saint peter's tomb, to the adornment of the don't support pillars and the church flooring. the a few years later he was entrusted with a task that would also state the architecture of the vatican. the he was

commissioned to design st. peter's square in whatever shape of things take. the primary specification is to do with as many people as possible. being able to see the ben eviction wheelchair on the facade. benny had to contend with a 25 meter tall popoleskie. this monolith weighing over 300 tons, was still standing where it had been in the old circus. but in the future, it was to mark the middle of the square in front of saint peter's basilica. we estimate that about 300000 people can fit into the p f. this is an extraordinary mine booklet amount of people which tells you something about

the scale of the structure they are needing. wanted to place them on a list in the middle of the future. square, because saint peter had died, edit sports. and because pope 6 just the 5th at erected obelisk all over room, the symbols of power. but also as landmarks for pilgrims. 6 is the 5th, is the post the rear rags list of the of the list that you see standing in room today. he's taking on board was the ancient roman emperor estate, the symbols of power. those are the wo, put them in strategic locations that would help to cruise navigates through the cities. moving a more than $300.00 ton obelisk was a risky endeavor. the riddle, granite could break if it was dragged to another place. so the pope announced the

competition for ideas that is a european wide competition. i'm probably something around 500 submissions was sent to the pub trying to come up with various solutions. one of the suggestions that came in was pray via tell in domenico fontana, when the competition the architect came up, not with a prayer but tennis, done a shing machine. the main construction is called the cast. this is a bone you mental which is framed up the functions as various areas of support for the growth and the windshield as a crate to list it all, but also to protect it as is being slowed down to

protect the granite as much as possible. the obelisk was 1st clad with timber the castelow battalion for castle then raised the monument. the next, the monolith was placed on a ramp resting on tree trunks. this ramp on rollers had dropped bars on which people and horses pulled together. this allow the entire structure, including the obelisk to be moved. what he's using is 900 . a 144 and 40 when using p. c had to re read the ultimate it took 37

days to cover the almost 300 meters to the new location. despite the crowds of people watching, the operation took place in complete silence because the pope had threatened anyone disturbing the work with death. from the obelisk was finally ready to be raised. disaster almost struck. it gets to the very dramatic moment. when the over this is kind of at this angle, the rope, said he to the home and have become slot. it really looks like it's going to end in dissolved and then a sailor obviously is going to know about road prize out from the crowns on dominican some tona immediately realize that by putting water on these holt groups they build some trust and this is what happens besides the hub lisk

bernini had another problem to solve. the app is called a palace. well, they're not going to demolish the aca solar palace is this talk too much investment . the sumptuous decoration and the whole complex bernini had to come up with, lay out for the square that would effectively bypass the palace. his 1st design was a, trump, is only the, at the open side of the trump is all right. he drew 2 circles arranged. so that the obelisk was exactly in the middle, the, the result was an oval shaped piazza, the boy with an o. you create me, which makes it feel, but when we put the chip easily and the shape that is potentially another similar, it turns into

a key sites hosted p referencing the keys of some piece of the key to salvation. the effect was spectacular. $284.00 columns, 16 meters tall, forming 2 arms that welcomed and embraced the faithful in the piazza. these are composed of being full calling states that divide the space up into 3 passage res. so the senate, for one is the largest wide enough the carriages to go through, and then the 2 small ones by the sides full pedestrian. the columns were carved from fine trevor teeth and varied in diameter. in some parts of the piazza, the 4 ro colonnade was interrupted and continued with

a single row of columns to crown at all. their need had $140.00 statues, installed each over 3 meters tall. this last major building project at the complex was completed in 10 years, but was not met with universal susie as, regardless of all of the work problems, it's built very, very quickly, but also on the enormous criticism not only calls but of design. a lot of people, so the design was hideous. in his design, bernini had envisioned a 3rd colony, intended to surprise visitors when they 1st saw the basilica from the piazza. but when pope alexander the 7th died, no pope after him was willing to commit to the expensive building project zone to the southern dines when the piazza is complacent,

it has already cost squarely. and in fact, an estimate has been done for the cost of the building of the whole of some peaches . the piazza is somewhere in the region of $9000000000.00 with it spectacular design. saint peter's square is the most symbolic and famous gateway to the vatican city, state. beyond the symbolic border, you are officially no longer in vatican, but in a town in territory. you cross from one country to another without even realizing it, just by setting foot in the square. but there is another largely secret way in and out. this 800 meter long cord or behind the arcades of saint peter's square is known as the past set to the board of go or the bar go passage. how was this tunnel created? what was it used for?

was it there to spirit popes in danger out of the vatican? or was it used for the dr purposes? it was built as a covered passage, which people would not see what was going on. pat inside, it does cool all sorts of stories in the pipes. going to meet the mistresses in cost us in time 0. pull. going to see the execution of somebody they've particularly hated the vatican was not always surrounded by a wall. in fact, a transformative event had to occur before the pope decided he had to better protect himself. he hey, 46 for cyrus in this tyco steel and they said the phones on right. they don't the enter the city thoughts, they suck the stuff up in the churches. it's certainly

a terrible show to west and chris, this isn't a very important event. the history of asking because it triggers the building of a wall, which has become in a 48. it took 4 years to complete the wall. today only a few sections remain built in tale of brendan briggs with some great folks to stay. but it's probably about 8 meters high, 2 and a half me to stick with towers along it's up to about 22 or 25 tons. and that will link costs or sometimes, or to the batch. gonna hill up behind some pages and then runs down the other side. for me, a long rectangular strip, which is the about 3 kilometers long. in the 13th century,

an 800 meter long section was altered. using this prostate to the boat, though, the pope could reach the nearby castile sand on zillow fortress from the opposite dolock palace. it's a way of thinking about going to costa as in tom 0. if i was going down into the street, the presence of the fortress of casto sometimes draws a safe haven because people position in rome was always resting no time from the outside, but also by in a riot. some difficulties inside the city. this strategically important passage was modified again in the 15th century. the city wall was raised and the former battlements became a tunnel with the offensive slits or in braziers on both sides. again, an open passage lay along the top. so you could have soldiers above soldiers

below and also soldiers can move freely and on the cover invisibly along this low covered passage way. in the eventful history of the vatican, the past set to the port of the twice proved its worth as a lifeline. 1494 when colleagues onto the 6th is threatened by the french king charles to 8, and he pauses down the process. so to customize the venture, most famously in 1527. columbus has to flee the troops of the emperor of charles the 5th. because you have to imagine not just the pope guy and on the process of the, you know, whole contract of car knows and bureaucrats. and this is probably a one is the same as you know, chaos inside the best set to apart from these 2 tens, military episodes, very little is really known about what the passage was used for. but there are

plenty of rumors about secret rendezvous. sacred nations are a feature of political life the best that there is a source of glorified facts. this because it secret may square off around it and we will never read the following the last attack in 1527. peace range for the vatican for 2 and a half centuries. during this time, further, architectural projects were completed. of course, work on saint peters, basilica continued, but other, no, that's astonishing. buildings were also erected like this tower. it's called the taut a dave and the tower of the winds and marks the 2nd highest point to the vatican. it was not field to watch for enemies, but to study the stars. but why was the vatican interested in astronomy?

what influence did the tower have on the world's calendars? and why was a hole boards in the side of the tower? the attorney opening was bored in the south side. it's only about 4 centimeters in diameter. tickets ultimate. at 73 meters tall. the tower is visible from afar, but it's not open to the public. it was a record at the end of the 16th century with a very specific purpose. of showing the tower of the wind. it was built between 15781580. and to confirm a calendar reform that the pope wanted to complete before the end of this month. difficult. so him home and they also they, i'm the father. so it just kept the pope in question was gregory the 13th, and with this tower, he hoped to correct the old julian calendar, which had been introduced by julius caesar. it was not accurate enough and shifted

the dates of religious holidays over the centuries. so actually, so the julian calendar doesn't work very well because it's an accurate in pringle. home. the julian year is about 11 minutes longer than the average solar year olds mean least 11 minutes accumulate over time. after about 120 years, the discrepancy amounts to a whole day off is behind the doors of a room on the 2nd floor. the traces left behind by the world famous astronomer, if not see what danty are still visible. the sky on a wall in the middle of a fresco is an oculus, a hole through which sunlight falls. a line has been chiseled into the marble floor. a meridian running from north to south fit, you know, selected at the moment the sun reaches its highest point in the sky. a is position

is projected onto this line is just sitting in the sun's entry into the various constellations can be marked on the line. the only digital signatures which are the most important moments of the spring and fall equinox, is built in the summer and winter solstice. is it the the decisive test wasn't 1581 connection specific. there's no record of this, but it said that pope gregory the 13th, came to this line on march 21st 15 by one to verify with his own eyes that this reform was necessary to the truck. to click on that day, he observed the ray of sunlight falling through the occupants. 5.2 meters above the floor. according to, if not so dantes calculations, the spot of light should have been in the constellation of aires. the 1st one i definitely, i mean the sun was supposed to be at this position on the line at 12 noon that but

it wasn't indeed you have already moved on considerably. it was a good position. the 2 positions were 11 days of hard to think of any of this was in fact the difference between the theoretical equinox and the actual equinox of the time is the typical desk the calendar was performed the next year to compensate for the shift officials change to leap years were calculated and shortened the month of october. so pretty much the assembly struck 10 days from the calendar. the day after october, 5th, 1582 became october 15th go. council saunter type the presentation in the tower of the winds, or the gregorian tower. only confirmed the earlier work of a scientific commission, but it staging symbolized at the pope's power. this hole would have far reaching consequences and the recording calendar would later dominate throughout the world

the century that makes. busy the reform naturally spread to catholic countries 1st and it met with resistance and protest and lambs. in england, a gordon calendar was introduced in 1752, took place on russia, for example. it took until 1918 and saudi arabia was one of the last countries to adopted in 2016 on the research. everything that happened in the vatican was intentional. every work, every gesture had to demonstrate the churches greatness. and the same was true for the sistine chapel, only 200 meters from the gregorian tower. even before michelangelo arrived in the sistine chapel, it was already extraordinarily beautiful space. the chapel is a 40 meter long building,

situated parallel to saint peter's cathedral. its architecture is like that of a military structure. the long before new popes were elected in these rooms. the sistine chapel was a strategically important building. at any given time, there would be a litter team going on in that space. you would have the entire hierarchy of the church in one room. so the building was also constructed. so there was a certain amount of security for that reason. it was very easy to adapt the function of the sistine chapel to the site where future pontiff would be elected to form michaelangelo set to work. the chapel had already been decorated by painters like that of gene and bought the champion. michelangelo was asked to rework the ceiling to depict the 12 apostles. the commission was not ambitious

enough for the uncompromising artist. the whole thing was crowned by a magnificent lapis last july, blue sky flecked with golden star. but the ceiling began to flake and this man who never does things the way other people do, begin to in vision a declaration that would be on like anything anyone had ever seen before. the project was both an artistic and a technical challenge. more than a 1000 square meters of surface had to be painted 20 meters above the floor. the architects, though not to bermonte, had already designed scaffolding, but michelangelo rejected it. it would have to be fast into the ceiling and would have left holes in his work. michelangelo and bermonte didn't get along very well.

so i go, angela said he would handle it to sell. the wooden scaffolding that michaelangelo designed was not suspended from the ceiling, but rested on tags placed above the windows of the chapel. the bridge on which the artist worked, followed the curve of the ceiling. this made extremely uncomfortable, work less strenuous the bridge would allow him to always be at the same distance. so basically it's just an arm's length away. it's a painting, technically tired, that he stand with his head thrown back and there were large prepared drawings of exactly what is going to go on that section of the ceiling. it would be applied to either in sized or punched out and that would guide the end while he was working. for more than 3 years, michaelangelo falling against muscle cramps migraines and

a stiff neck. t illustrated scenes from the bible. incorporating the ceiling bolts into his work and accomplished sculptor, he painted so organically that is figures seemed like like when he had finished half the ceiling, the scaffolding was moved, so he could paint the other half, even seeing as unfinished work was like a revelation. it was hale this and master piece from the 1st moment. hope is delighted. everyone is amazed by it. and it really, it affected art. in the immediate decades to come, michaelangelo made an exceptionally profound imprint on the sistine chapel. but his contribution to saint peter's basilica was just as unforgettable. the temper he designed inspired his successor de la portent, who placed the dome on top, their name. he then took over hispanic and architect and design the magnificent

piazza in front of saint peter's basilica. but for the past 300, the years the architectural history of the vatican has been quieter. the available real estate and the world small as nation is after all, in short supply the so a lot of imagination was needed to build an archive. the, the only is actually the vatican up. a style like archives are stored on the remarkable, 80 kilometers of shelves. yesterday, i mean we're can documents covering half a square kilometers of space, be stored. what do these documents contain? and why would the archives set to be secrets for over 400 years? the answers to these questions lie in the court de la de la mean. this treasury protects

a vast number of historical documents and files the building of 5000 square meter. 2 story concrete bunker, not far from the vatican, museums was designed to withstand fires and to conduct damaging moisture to the outside. the. the architects constructed an additional room on each floor for the most valuable and sensitive documents. the temperature and humidity in the special rooms are kept absolutely constant. after all, some of these documents are over 1000 years old. the speak to the most popular documents date from the 13th century and are written in mongolian, although they are among the oldest extent, written documents, the files from the trial of galileo gun. and they are also stored there. and the documents for which luther was excommunicated in the 16th century. important

documents from religious history and diplomatic files, their cattle, their zip. among the carefully guarded treasures is a report on the trial of the knights, templar written on a 33 meter long parchments. and this document from the 16th century is the petition of the english king henry the 8th. for the enrollment of his marriage. it bears the seals and signatures of $81.00 aristocrats less sensitive documents, ordinary administrative files and diplomatic correspondence from all areas and countries are stored outside the special climate control rooms of the archive bunker. but the name vatican secret archive is misleading the victim that she did turn in the vatican secret archive, which was used from the 17th century onwards is derived from the latin terms

separate us from ethics, which refers to the pope's personal archives and absolutely not to secret contents of sorting of buttons to avoid this confusion called frances change the name from vatican secret archive to vatican of a solid archive in 2019 on options i posted in the stomach archive was founded in the 17th century. and the original storage rooms are still in use today. the volume of documents is immense and growing daily. the underground archive bunker was built in 1982. it is a gold mine for historians, but is not accessible to everyone. the pope in office decides what can and cannot be viewed as hundreds of the archives were open to researchers under pub, leo, to 13,

at the end of the 19th century as well. they don't, it is a rather ambivalent undertaking to open up to a historical scholarship on the one hand and to defend church. history from attack on the other hand is read from one papacy to the next. it is, the church has opened up more and more just as me. now the archives are accessible up to 1958 the. the history of the vatican continues to be written day by day. and the most recent decades of its history have a special place on shelves behind, carefully locked grills there they wait to be analyzed by historians many years from now. the vatican continues to hold tremendous fascination. it's a unique and secret place. its architecture is extraordinary. the buildings and works of art, bear witness to the deep belief in a christian god, but also to struggles for power, money,

and prestige reason enough for you ness. go to declare the entire territory a vatican city, a world heritage site, the, the,

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