as far as he's got issues with a lot say, who could i use the when it comes to meet. people tend to have strong opinions for some kids at the center of the meal, a delicacy they can't do without while other people, including beacons and vegetarians, avoid me for various reasons, slight protecting the environment. all of this and more on this edition of dw science, you welcome to tomorrow. today the cows or a major climate killer due to their burbank and flatulence,

which contains methane, a greenhouse gas, but it's $28.00 times more pump that c o 2. whether they live on a pastor or an a barn and a don't count them, it's between 30500 grams of methane a day. how about as much as driving a car for 80 kilometers? cattle are also a major source of nitrous oxide, which is produced when they're done and you're in liners on a pastor as a greenhouse gas. nitrous oxide is 12 times more potent than me thing and $300.00 times worse than c o 2 but how much nitrous oxide is produced? exactly. that's what scientists from the swiss agra scope research institute. want to find out these chambers which close for a couple of minutes every few worse, collects the gas,

is emitted from the ground instead of for that and the how much of these chambers contains applications, various and measuring devices for coupling event that allows us to monitor those patches, the amount of harmful gas is being limited here, the topping kite, which the man the research has also use various devices to monitor the wind, as well as c o 2 and other gases that allows them to assess the net greenhouse gas emissions for the entire pasture. the special camera also records how many candle power on the pastor several times in our state cook. this is based on some complex calculations go on using these readings

and what we can see on the photo see me see what we can determine the emissions book, how one for each hour they spend on the meadow light. the study isn't done yet, but the results so far suggested in switzerland, grazing cows account for less nitrous oxide emissions than previously assumed the little ball a bell for this. what cannot they? me so one's for global benchmark stillwater cold emissions fact says that we've been using them based on the data from new zealand, britain, the netherlands, and so for on those a long so hold on. so the thought on the, some of that data is raw, the rolled on in on the findings can also vary based on the climate and salt conditions processed and also i bench, but i some to one to side to add in garlic, citrus extracts, flaxseed or red l g to the cattle feed can help reduce emissions of the 2nd greenhouse gas methane. along with these feed additives. scientists are also trying

to breed kettle that emit less me thing. the real problem isn't the kaos. it's our insatiable hunger for me. that hunger is what drives the cattle industry and why they're over a 1000000000 count on the planet. there are plenty of alternatives to meet like vegan products made of soil grains and legumes and researchers around the world are working on making meet out of cell cultures. in bio reactors, they've already figured out how to do it, although consumers aren't quite ready for it. yes, is this a taste of the feature a piece of meat cultivated in a bio reactive made by a start up based in switzerland?

some dust. yeah, this is the 1st time that we've been able to produce a steak like this and cook it and it doesn't contain any g, n o is all fetal bovines here and in theory, we couldn't make it any sizes. one. occlusal christopher myatt and his team have succeeded in harvesting stem cells and growing them in a plant based medium, which has been processed into muscle 5 as creating an unusually 6 nob of lab growth . meet sunday and bounce feeling was good for. do you see there are lots of muscle fibers that we've been able to join together using connective tissue to get a piece of settling down? if you name it has to come and then we can slide start into steaks, advisor mistakes, compression. i'm scientists around the world of studying how to make me types of stem cells so far it hasn't been produced on any industrial scale. and the single pole is the only country that's approved sale ex,

but say lab gray meet still faces. t of handles the goose, not all for the holding. the biggest challenges include manufacturing the file reactors and the equipment. we need to produce this lab real needs, including all of the materials, we would need the human voice to and, and of course we don't have enough of all the components needed to make the culture medium. indeed, and they're still far too expensive. it's interesting. also a few to toil. now the us had kind of is a professor of cellular agriculture in the neck. and this setting up a new research center that he believes cultivated meet could be the wave of the future. i found that to be default. i know it would be all sorts of environmental benefits, of course, less pollution, lower water consumption, and possibly somewhat lower energy consumption. and then of course, there are the ethical benefits and the ability to secure the food supply on a global level and try to push out people around the welfare and tear in gemini,

ready for me from a petri dish. i'm definitely not. i would need it from a petri dish. sorry, i'm too much of a gorman for that. nissan manufacturer university. it was in germany, nicholas and he is studying consumer acceptance of lab grade meat. he believes it's key to sustainable me consumption, but use, i knows that for you most. it will be a hard sell that supposed to be. yeah, i'm, we have here is an innovation that breaks the rules we humans have always lived by . we've always hunted and killed or animals, i'll meet the so this will be a huge adjustment of years ago. so i suspect it will be easier to get ahold of technology in place than it will be to gain broad acceptance for this. i decided to act, sometimes he's been studying what's behind people's reluctance to warm up to these kinds of innovations when it comes to food. that's must be the one thing we realize

is that there are lots of mixed feelings tied up with this levels. we humans are drawn to new foods, but at the same time we're kind of propelled by them life. i think i'd like to see us have an open ended debate about these technologies so that we can grapple with these issues taken looking to stomach, what are the benefits one of the challenges like to have those funds then decide whether or not would accept this innovation from one bit he's a, he's going to that's the ones who doesn't to promote that to open ended debates. he also spends a lot of time listening to people's concerns. today he's visiting a young book check in a region that sometimes goes to poke bouts of gemini philip map was that to show as needed, his family for 5 generations. and he is in sales v good products. so how does he feel about lab grad meat? i paid well, if you can give me your thoughts left them, it's a topic. it's definitely on my radar. a blockhead, but i'm not quite there yet. mentally. yes,

but high quality meat is really important to me. and so is knowing where my meet comes from. this and we'll check on that makes him a lot more open to the idea than many politicians. so far, gemini has been slow to invest in r and d, when it comes to cultivated, meets the agriculture minutes to announce the new funding program. but it's being slow to get off the ground. the ministry for research is also sponsoring a project in munich, mount yes, hang, cut into his team and conducting basic research. and the 3 d printing and bio reactive. they're also interested in developing new technologies for cultivated means that include studying which nutrient mediums are best for growing meat cells . gemini, may be behind in this sector, but not he has had colleagues hoping to change that style. but let me, it's on an, even if we're one of the last countries to get on board with cellular agriculture,

i don't think we've missed the boat entirely disposable mich fresh last week. but i do think it's important for policy makers to signal that they're on board and stuff helps dealing with other hurdles to including lexi endo, paying a regulatory processes. some of them i have printed this out for us. so let's take this thing a pool. a nice document which sets out very clearly what the steps are and this is the us and which is also clear and concise in yet. but for europe, there's nothing of the countries have expressed interest in the swiss stuff top. but mary might not even apply for approval in the you mount e as hank whole think spots, the shame been continuing votes on sale. germany is very strong when it comes to research. i look at, we have all the skills we need and we could implement this here. and that would be a shame of companies that are based in europe that develop their product in europe . have to go somewhere else to apply for approval. the step from stem cell to stake

is well underway and it set to transform the food into agriculture and markets. all the more reason to get tumble, which made me is perfectly suited to production in urban areas and by 2050, more than 2 thirds of us will be living in cities according to a report issued by the united nations to make sure that urban dwellers also have access to fresh fruit and vegetables. growing produce in the cities wouldn't make sense. like an indoor farming. an idea with plenty of potential. andreas. oh, they enjoy spending time in the, in the, from the university of applied sciences in the city of austin to brook in north west in germany. these black pep of vines, a native to stuff tropical regions,

but the thriving here and this greenhouse still spice ponds are just a side line here. the main focus is vegetables. these one is, does. our vision alpha leave for lunch is not as a result of social changes and climate change for 40 bucks. one a need to supply people in metropolitan areas with planned to face food. just wanted to dial the site. and because people like having a variety of time based foods and that diet, a novel, we're looking for crops that do well with these kinds of oven spaces and we'll bottom in volume and touch bases. i'll quit to via to that and kind of like let's as for example, it's gross is being monitored by various cameras and senses that allows the researches to assess which environmental factors are most beneficial to grace. light is one of the key fact is the scientists can adjust the light intensity on

the temperature to optimize the conditions. but each species and groups can be accelerated to like. and this variety of sweet potato modifies have been there to and there's lots of i normally this variety here would take about a $120.00 days to be ready for all that to phase off the pipe tops. and once i'm using our system, that's where the 1st to succeed in speeding that up to 80 days. so we've really speeded up the cultivation process and find a dollar to ship for to of the final. the researches are especially interested in sweet potato vines. the rich in nutrients which make them an ideal food staple. since space is at a premium in cities, the greenhouse is based on vertical foaming ponds grow, one above the other in hydra pony talents. and instead of soil, they grow in a substrate that has the perfect mix of nutrients,

which are obtained from an unusual location. i mean, on the side, so sad, so i mean it's 0 producing mineral salt is quite energy intensive. so bonding cause for of an indoor farming systems like this. we're looking for ways to obtain the nutrients we need and a new and energy efficient way to even ask of the an vixen one to and that's why we went to municipal sewage treatment plant jacket. the guy looked for ways that we could use the nutrient resources in the waste. we'll do this for our crops. that's a pretty long so it looks by nothing. so this wastewater pounds is located in a major metropolitan region, se if the university it treats more than 400000000 cubic meters of waste water a year, which could be a valuable resource in the oven. farming fog. my koya is developing and analyzing technologies to recover a key nutrients from wasteful time to unlock his invasion. placing the whole sewage

treatment plant is basically a trough for all the waste materials that accumulate in an urban area and is named in for that includes the key nutrients we're interested in, like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also resources like c o 2, as well as the treated and purified water you need for this form of cultivation. and of course the energy that's available in a waste water treatment plan which you need in order to operate those systems efficiently. the technology is being tested in this pilot plant, a miniature wastewater treatment facility. right next to the big one. the waste water flows, 3 batteries, filter systems. this is looking at the tea leaves or what's called the lights. you know, it's a naturally occurring mineral, a naturally occurring rock, which we use for an ion exchange process. so, and absorption, process ions at one. so this is one of the 3 technical modules that we used to

obtain fewer waste water, meaning water that contains no tre, substance it self and contaminants. so for anything that would pose a hygienic, written emphasis to the end result are liquid fertilizer solutions like this coming, which are perfectly clear and which can be used in cultivation systems like the one over there in a function code to the old phone. i guess there's also a small green house that the front felt mccoy to an andrea school police, a monitoring the lattice that's being fed with liquids fertilizer, a form of lemme also known as duck lead is growing in a nearby basin. it's high in protein and as long been a source of food in parts of asia. one day vegetables might be growing, get around right next to waste water treatment facilities, but will consume is be willing to bind vegetables that was fed by waste water. that's the official is coming in and then the retail stay will look if we can

ensure that no harmful substances from the waste water treatment system may not get into the greenhouse for trial. august the 9th of faces. and if we can ensure that the bubble advertised, we're providing fresh, regional, high quality produce. we have to get to and then we believe people will be more than happy to take advantage of these regionally, grow and product out. as i know, such as these are not a product, a product to subscribe for. not wanting to reset his bike in austin or brook are examining every pound for possible contaminants. and optimizing the composition of the liquid fertilizes, produced the waste molten plant. one day wastewater treatment plants might have a 2nd job, supplying nutrients to nearby and farms and greenhouse is the quick zone. our vision is that one day

a wastewater treatment plan could serve as an anchor for urban development within a larger region. 4 of them in the past and church towers play that role and dizzy. so, but in the future of this kind of innovative production site could be the place where new neighborhoods are formed in which the residents can obtain the fresh produce from right next door. and gave them to with climate change, vulnerable supply chains. uncontrolled facies surrounding the use of fertilizes produce, thrown with the help of wastewater plants may well help feed the cities of the future. and what about our water supply? many researchers believe that by 2050, nearly a quarter of all urban areas will face water shortages in large part due to climate change, which will become increasingly apparent by mid century. that's why scientists are now looking for ways to recycle and reuse water more efficiently. because every

drop counts this waste water is from a flash toilet. it's in the basement of the nest research and residential building in zurich. environmental engineer causing a noise is studying ways to move to can be recycled. and there's someone just flush the toilet. and here's you can see grey water, maybe someone's watching her hands or taking a shower to shift. that is a sometimes you can see toilet paper or see see flying through the pipes, especially show that's the great thing about those transparent pike. and i can see what's going through them, because i need to work up a lot of the research who wants to recycle the was a here in the building, rather than sending it to a waste water treatment account. even if it's not recycled into drinking water, it could be put to what the use is here in the building. the waste water from the nest building is being connected at the water hub live, but

e t h is eric university. several different kinds of waste which were generated in residential buildings. water coming from the bathrooms, kitchen washing machine is cool, grey or tan. black that comes from flushed toilet and contain ccs. yellow also contains new and normally all these kinds of which are mixed together before it makes its way to a municipal wastewater treatment plants. but here in the water, how it's recycled. and that's why the scientists keep each kind of wastewater, a set price that ensures that fee sees un, don't end up in recycling moves. so the technology being developed here could be especially important in times of war to scarcity mix, they could show here in switzerland. we're already seeing a certain regions, certain times of the year, it could really benefit from using water. maybe we want to be prepared in gain

experience on how to deal with the challenges or the future. or one of these challenges, for example, is the increasingly hot summers in urban areas. when cities get hot to they need more time spent, most of it's been recycled but isn't quite few enough to post. most students drinking water could make a real difference or should be defined moment these trees, you see here, for example, gladish. we could use it to water, the trees, it's advance for which in turn could how cool lot of serenity. very clearly, acetic households produce plenty of gray more time when people brush that teeth shower and wash known drink, for example, recycling it right on the spots and reusing it straight away. well, then sending it fast to a municipal wastewater counts. could be far more efficient as to what's happening colleena done is filtering gray, which has to get it ready for recycling. having extra 1st tank uses

a course filter. it filters out here and larger waste particles because it seems that the 2nd taking contains a small treatment planet where bacteria breakdown nutri at all in the dirty water. so of course the taxes that's books faded by with the natural pop. you have the member on another membrane, filters out the bacteria and the tiniest particles before the water flows into a carbon filter and an extra so they come and that filters out additional organic substance as long as she still will succeed that or is this for to now, ready to drink. lots of benefit to salt lake city. no, i wouldn't produce water and it's something and we're not trying to produce drinking water. this is of our plan is to use this waterford base other purposes. how could include things like flushing the toilet, altering the gotten recycled was it could be put to all sorts of good uses, especially in hot punch some as well because have a drink,

people in the process. right. so now it's your turn. you have a science question, send it to us in a video text or voice mail. if we answer it on our show, we'll send you a small gift as a thank you. the this week's viewer question comes from hospice, apple. d in gonna what color is smoke? smoke is made up of water vapor, various gases, and tiny certain particles. it's usually formed when solids or gases are burned. throughout human history, smoke has been put to a variety of uses. we use it to preserve foods, to help calm deeds, and during rituals and religious events, the color of smoke depends on

a number of different factors. most importantly, the substance that was burned and how it was burned. would, for example, can produce smoke in various colors. when it's, when the smoke is thick and white, dr. would smoke is almost transparent and here is low and oxygen. the smoke can be dark gray or almost black. earning substances to contain a lot of carbon use for the release of stars, or even black clouds of smoke. like when coal, crude oil or plastics are burned at dark color indicates that the substance didn't fully combust and the smoke contains a lot of sit particles the various chemicals can be added to substances to make colored smoke. red smoke,

for example, is used in signals which can help raising alarm over large distances. so smoke isn't just smoke, and firefighters can often tell what kind of fire they're headed towards. even from a distance. reddish brown smoke can indicate hydrochloric acid or nitrogen, while yellow smoke can indicate so far. we're crazy about science and technology. that's why dw science is now on tick tock . what do be do for fun? why do gravitational waves squeeze our bodies? when did people begin getting high on laughing gas out? who are your drums? they'll get to the beat. and what's the perfect cure for bug bites? check out the answers and get smart with dw science, our new tick,

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