360 degrees and explore fascinating votes. heritage selling dw world heritage. 360. now the the deep sea is dog and freezing cold. still some creatures cool is who. how do they supposed on that? and what do we really know about fish? do they to paying for example? and how does biased electric beacon agriculture work without the use of animals, personalizes and how do you make sure it's done right? the that's i know coming up on tomorrow today dw science. the dc begins at 200 meters below sea

level, few species can survive and these lucky i see which is where the pressure increases with every meter at a depth of 4000 meters, full 100 chinos of pressure per square centimeter. this is where manganese no deals are found. the appetite is size, mineral deposits that cover this event. mining them could provide much needed rule materials for the energy transition, but that would have dire consequences for the federal ecosystem. the 0 c creatures living 5000 meters deep among these manganese naturalists that covered the sea bed. many of them have yet to be identified. it's a habitat that's evolved over millions of years, skipped guns, but caesar show specific organisms such as carlos and sponges, mean manganese nodules as a habitat on friends. in turn, these provider have attack for marine finance,

such as brittle stars in scope of pods. we could lose them for a millions of years on these and familiar only out of it. this is what the sea bed looks like after it's been harvested. scientists with the g on my homework center for ocean research have examined a former test type used by a belgian mining company. that one little car. what does these mining operations are set to be large scale covering several 100 square kilometers a year? so bad life forms could be destroyed for many, many generations who get up to and touch the industry claims these nostrils are needed for the energy transition. aside from manganese, they contain 3 highly sought after metals, cobalt nickel, and copper $3.00 to $5.00 times more than deposits on land. so a benefit allison, let's face it, deep sea mining will not replace long binding. what will happen is that we'll start destroying the ocean, as well as the rest of the environment to teach the test on. manganese natural

deposits in the world's oceans are at risk, including the clarion, clipper tens own a site that many countries are currently buying to mine. the international c been authority, has already approved exploration licenses. germany has submitted to claims and we also have a say on how to regulate deep c mining in the area gifted according to maritime law. deep sea mining is permitted in principle, but only on the condition that serious consequences for the marine environmental route, asking why you search. we've been doing for many years shows very clearly that they can't be ruled out. and that's why germany and other countries, including france, one to stop any mining plans until researches keep the green light, even if it takes generations. the german mineral resources agency is just one body that conducting studies,

showing that demand for metals will increase many times over in the coming decades . but some could be recycled or simply replacing them altogether. that's a taking support of trends over at knology, his advance to the point that we're developing cobalt pre bob tree's desktop was there's no need for deep sea mining to support the energy transition problem to consciously that the deep sea and impact ecosystem for the next environmental disaster, it's up to the international c bet authority to decide on its future the . we asked you on social media, do you think deep sea mining coats, more opportunities? oh, more home. on facebook, francisco santa maria says, coal mining is bad for the planets. people protest, but at the same time they look ready to do with that we have to make sure that

mining does as little damage as possible. even if that makes it more expensive. a v b 1987 on instagram roads. you have to look more closely at the cost benefit ratio . i assume that not all of the see that has the same characteristics of the same via the city also and instagram bones. it is highly dangerous. we're already contaminating the us in an uncontrolled way. deep sea mining and the further extraction of boil must be burned. those have massive impacts on the time that they should be laws prohibiting then thanks for your inputs, the blood is red. why? what would you like to know about deep sea mining, or do you have any other questions about of size?

send us a video text or voice message if we on. so your question on the show will send you a little surprise as the thank you. come on just dos in the ocean, the d. b, you go the highest, the most efficient method. you can go in hong kong to ask this question. why don't deep sea creatures get crushed by water pressure? 2 sides of the is covered in boucher. the oceans are on average full 1000 meters, deep. anything deeper than 200 meters is considered deep sea. and the 19 century researches began to talk the depth of the oceans. one of the pioneers of deep sea research was edward folds. according to his theory, life couldn't survive and was is deeper than 500 meters. today. we know that the

deep sea is home to a variety of marine life new species with discovered every yeah. were such as estimate that there are still thousands new species yet to be discovered. even though deep sea conditions, same percy, inhospitable, the water temperature is always cold. there is no light, and the pressure is immense. the d for you go the great to the water pressure. only very specific animals can but stand it some deep sea jelly fish live in most is as deep as 6000 meters at 10000 meters deep as one ton of pressure per square centimeter. and yet, sea creatures don't get crushed. most deep sea creatures don't have a swim bladder or other hollow guns on like creatures but live in china was, is best when blood is would be crushed at that depth. the deep

sea creatures also have high it in the pressure. they would never survive close to the surface. another check out the sleeve, try and metal the main oxide o t m a. for shown. this molecule stabilizes the proteins within the cells so that they don't lose the shape on the high pressure. the higher the concentration of t m a ok. the deep, the creature can go. the human body can never survive such pressure. but with diving bells, humans have gone all the way down to $10000.00 and reaches the world record for the deepest dive without a protective caps. fuel was just 333 meters and it took the dive of 15 hours to equalize the pressure on his ascent. juice, fish have feelings that a blink and they don't cry. whatever happens,

they don't change. they facial expression. that's one reason that no one thinks about. there will be neither hobby anglers nor so i can 6 fishbock to know there's new data about the ability of fish to feel stress and pain and that could have far reaching consequences cold as a fish. we own the say, no one worries very much about their feelings, including body to flakes, tools and angling, instructor the the domestic fish have to be a specific size before it's legal to catch them. this little perch was lucky clearly cuz doesn't think that the pain of a hook in their lip is too terrible. i

always say when i'm teaching, you have to think of it like getting your living here from your own board and little thing and certainly hurts the fisher maybe for a short time. and for example, for life, my thoughts on previous is, but i imagine it just feels a bit strange anymore. still, it's nothing that affects it in the long term because you have to meet the most efficient heidi's by and tasty. most people assume that fish either feel little or no pain. what does the research say of the marine biologist, whom with zig now has long been interested in the question as to whether fish feel pain. we meet up with him in the natural history museum band. remo, but when you talk about pain, you have to distinguish between 2 factors and is the i and one is the purely sensory perception. and the other is the psychological perception who it hurts and it's unpleasant and fish can feel sensory pain. now the questionnaires can they

also feel it psychologically on him there was one study by james rose that concluded they don't know based on the reasoning that in humans processing pain and processing. emotional pain takes place primarily in the cerebrum. i'll buy things not exclusively, but mainly in the survey. bramble face do not have a cerebrum. so the argument is simple. no brain, no pain was no brain, no pains, and sation pain kind. but since then in the last 20 to 30 years, there's been a lot of evidence from research that suggests that's a big to some place. take a plus to i. in fact, it in an experiment that's considered a milestone in research on the neuro behavioral nature of fishes scientists look into whether fish would pay as a wherever pain relief. z profession normally prefer to move around in aquariums with plants and the sandy bottom. needs to offer them protection and food. in an

experiment, one group was injected in the lip with a c, the gas it, which hurts. and the control group with iso tonic sailing solution. both are harmless for the fish. they have the choice of staying in the battery or the hospitable side of the aquarium. at 1st, as expected, they all stay in the hospital car. however, when a pain killer was dissolved on the other side, the fish and checked it with a, see the gas, it preferred to swim there. this shows on the one hand that fish react to pain killers and on the other, and that they're willing to pay a price for release, sacrifice of protection and food options. the many earlier skeptics now accept that fish can have a psychological experience of pain. the debate has revolved around the definition of consciousness in fish compared to humans. and if fish do feel pain, what can we do about it?

if you should, if fish don't feel pain, we can treat them very differently according to the animal welfare laws concerning reading, capture, and experimentation. then if they're pain sensitive and so it has direct consequences. the i think the consequences, the germany like many other european countries, animal welfare is in fry and in the law no 1 may cause pain suffering or harm to animals. the. 1 reasonable exceptions might be made for strictly controlled research or slaughtering animals to eat them. this was philosopher mock, who subdued is critical of this approach. just recently, she is still so the main thing is that we try to protect animals from stress fear and pain flats and trying to be animal protection act looking. so from an ethical

perspective, i think that's very important. the animal protection act in switzerland and to germany regulates the economic use of animals. they seem to be the ups office and it doesn't for see special protection for and a most of it just regulates how we're allowed to use them via t notes and do a put in the global efficient industry. fish welfare is not an issue. squeezed together for hours farmed fish are pulled up to the surface of park you quickly, which makes their swim. bladder is rupture on deck. they suffocate in agony. the pictures come from green piece. they don't appear to have been stunned before being killed as required by animal welfare laws. in many countries, with marine biologist, rosella tay, used to work in research. now she works for the n g o fair fish, which campaigns for better standards and fisheries and aquaculture. not that most people aren't even aware of what the fish, the ends up on the plate has been 3 and they buy and sell it to fish. then there's

a nice, the whole source that goes with it. through the too much. no one knows the fox like what kind of fishes his square it live, how it died, and how it was cold by different name on most wildcard fish comes from fishing fleets owned by industrial nations. they buy fishing licenses from small african countries, for example. and then the police, all the local fish stocks, the local fishermen don't see a cent of the profits. what should be done to fight injustice and fish suffering the saving status? i would like to see the sea fishing and industrial fishing. as its practice today, cease to exist at one point. anything, should i be? if it's a brutal, slow to of trillions of fish country to any animal? well, fellows, he's what he said, that's honest option for me. it's not just a large mass. these individual fish living creatures 5th and they deserve back to us. we'll see how the fish have feelings,

just like other animals. this is a fact that consumers and the fishing industry need to grasp the as fish stops dwindles. the fish industry is costing its nets ever wider. the bolts oceans are in poor condition. listening pollution and climate change leading to algae growth, which rubs to most of mice and oxygen. marine life is increasingly vulnerable in this thing, is that connected to the open ocean by only a narrow, straight, particularly effective on the baltic sea. then looking for a solution these german politicians are visiting the baltic sea thanks to a special camera. they can tell that it's not in good condition dizziness we've

seen that the sea grass meadows are well developed on the surface, which is important for climate protection. but as soon as you get into deeper waters with the sea grass just, it appears that that's due to the presence of nutrients which blocks sunlight. and that's a big problems put in these nutrients. so that because of all the fuss, eliza washed into the sea by rivers. it also results in areas with low oxygen levels known as dead zones. where requested life console vive. it's not the basic fees. and the problem is the fishing and pollution from plastics and world war 2, munitions, of putting a strain on the ecosystem to which this is the will, it's important that we give nature room to recover. so species can we generate and multiply, that means zones that are not being used, not even for fishing, so that nature can develop freely. would you not? why i'm just fight and fight the special representatives to the oceans. sebastian

on that supports the idea of creating a boat exceed national park. local fishermen, however, are skeptical notes on still hear me that zone where boats aren't allowed. what will be allowed as well. fishing be allowed? don't have enough protected areas already moving subscript be due from older or $25.00 of them on the baltic coast 2 inch leaves we coast time. we're fishing is already restricted. that's why you're saying, because no culture has doubts that worried the tourists might stay wave too much of the beach is out of bounds. so now the baltic sea national park is just one proposal to improve the states of the baltic sea. but one way or another, something needs to be done. the conventional foaming crops sprayed using 1st eliza to arrive from intensive

livestock farming. which is not good for the animals. the soil. oh, the excitement what, what a more sign that frenzy tons of agriculture look like. we find out from the farmer in southern germany who uses exclusively plump based, fertilizes. it is applicable to one day organic farmer. claimant's phones got the shock of his life. he had switched over to organic fruit farming 20 years ago. he was quite successful and happy until one day he received a fertilizer delivery that really shocked him. i think the 2nd okay. when i opened up the sack, there was half a cows headed in there, its theme of stones. as i was surprised that a cow's head was in there because i had actually ordered, horn shaving. see of all by somebody will just give you. the smell was revolting.

so one chevy is in the bag. smoke like burned car tires and the holes that same year i bought chicken big says fertilizer things that they were supposed to be from organic chickens in italy, but they were actually from caged industrial chickens in hungary, michigan. those neighbor gives and design. i was, that was the experience that made me realize that i don't want any of that on my farm. leave me study. so was calling me, i'm not going to support anything that gives me a bad feeling will be out and that kind of going to skip through. animal fertilizers, made of industrial meat scraps are cheap and deficient. avoiding them completely would be a big financial risk. steel claimants horton funds, 18 hector's, of organic apple trees near lake constance in southern germany. the fertilizer provider to ship me something different. and you said it wouldn't be a problem and that it would cost more attention. get it for me since he wants me to pay for his services. so he said, i'll get you something else, but you are the only one who is in tabby. i said, okay,

then i'm the only one. the advantage animal fertilizers have over plan based ones, is that they contain more nitrogen and other nutrients that includes fertilizers, made of worn shavings and cow hoops. however, a big disadvantage is that they came from conventional animal farming, according to agricultural scientists and sabine, etc, cuz he, that's a big problem. ecological meat farming isn't wide spread enough, and that's why organic farmers depend on fertilizer, meat from 5 products of the conventional media industry. plus one, lots to know that using animal waste products from industrial sloth to house is that raises a whole slew of questions about with the thoughts really comic foaming on just being. that's why the organic farming industry is starting to use new satellites. us to break the site to look that way, they will not be so dependent on 5 devices that come from conventional sources to them and, and also requirements. and in the opinion, design, the new fertilizers,

like clover brass, peas and algae have different amounts of nitrogen and nutrients. the holding time, researchers are investigating how well they work in a long term project over several years. and they want to determine how plant based fertilizers perform compared to animal based fertilizers. that also includes liquids that come from plants. and that's the most important time. what we found is that there was something faster. life is like venice which is a liquid fertilizer release nitrogen rapidly. you have on the other fast slices that release nitrogen gradually. so the timing is not as easy so i can still use them. can you just have to adjust the satellite ation stress j do is talk again. it's placing on past the claimant's homes decided for a different path. he doesn't use animal fertilizers anymore. by reviving old techniques, he's discovered new possibilities of the escape sign. so the hit to go there are

plant based fertilizers, but they aren't very popular because they're so expensive. a couple of which i how i and i use potato skins, round algae and us, which is an important fertilizer that is commonly used and organic fertilizer, including all testing fetus, allow me to know about size. there are lots of nutrients inside what it's all plan based on 3 cos we side of the i'd say. and finally i so clover for the newer plantations so that the nitrogen gets the bundle and they have enough nutrients at the beginning to move. so looking at 1st, the claimant's own felt like he was fighting an uphill battle. he didn't realize then that more and more farmers are also doing without animal fertilizers. their method is known as bio cyclic beacon agriculture, which includes composts to fertilize re shows up be let's see, could the video recordings that were taken on claimant's phones, phones with she's convinced that his trees are getting enough nutrients from the bios to click begin fertilizer and using slut the compost is also

a key part of the new strategy of fish, this and shop. this is from a scientific point of view. you can post as a silent homicide to you out to got a laptop which is good for story will composition of dots. who does people get tools to increase the soil structure? a lot of 20 out when you add nutrients, that's more of a long time satellite ation procedure on, but you also get the positive effects of these other soil qualities on the night. scientists have discovered that plant based fertilizer also works well on tomatoes and pickles. there's a lot of potential for doing away with the animal fertilizers on fruit and vegetable farms. the many of the claimant's ones colleagues are now interested in purely planned face fertilizers. so you 2 are no longer convinced that the animal fertilizers that still dominate the market are all that eco friendly banassi. so they're following hooton's lead for them to be what

so you mostly use is that sick? liquid fertilizer. that's a bit like molasses. all the i fi pulled up to 40 sceptics. it's very sick and takes a bit of getting used to but it works. he'll stick all of us from bio sick last week and agriculture is more expensive and more complicated to use. but claimants hunt takes it all in stride. so me, it has to be ok for me, that's very important. when the plants are doing well and i feel good about using it, then i'm happy because i'm taking care of the soil and even improving it for future generations. the same as honda stopped using fertilizers that come from industrial farming research. and this experience have shown firsthand that this the,

the china is favorites probably knowing your billions in loans, motor infrastructure, investment serbia, is the bridge head for china as news sell cloud critics or warning of too much dependence and control china's influence. in 15 minutes on the double, you look at the baby

parents worldwide. breast feeding to how much attention does and you won't actually need an easy to pay too much of a quiet town people stories the may be in good faith in 19 minutes. dw, the, the, you'll see about the video that goes in the media and legal law. give a lot of the time i get, i will stop into that and i'll give you the order. would you be able to order that up? jo made any a dog comment key more people than the eval on worldwide in search of a did you have you ever used them in at the accounting method? the godaddy? how do you guys find out about on the story?

and so my friends world in progress of pop calls to everyone who wants to know more about this topic. the 2nd son about this story is beyond the headline world in progress. the w talk costs the

this is dw news line from berlin. polls are closing anti ones, pivotal selection. we're voters have been casting their ballots to choose a new president and parliament. the outcome is is set to shape the course of full relations between china and taiwan. pulse are coming up. the u. s. military strikes, cruise the targets in yemen for 2nd day. that's after tens of thousands of germany's protested against the 1st wave of bombing, who's the leaders warrant that us and british interest are now considered legitimate targets and a devastating de lose in congo heavy rains.