human to us, the huge funding we have you as a one does not delete this whole port of this card via included in the on the vehicle and unexpected side supplies enjoy the, the deep sea is dog and freezing cold. still some creatures called a tube. how do they supposed on that? and what do we really know about fish? do they to pain? for example? how does bias? so i click beacon agriculture work without the use of animal personalizes. and how do you make sure it's done right? the that's i know, coming up on tomorrow today, d, w, science. the deep sea begins at 200

meters below sea level fuse bases can survive. and these mucky icey voices with the pressure increases with every meter at a depth of full 1000 maces, full 100 kilos. the pressure of her square centimeter. this is where manganese know deals. i found the appetite is size, mineral deposits that cover this event. mining them could provide much needed rule materials for the energy transition. but that would have dire consequences for the fragile ecosystem. the there are sea creatures living, 5000 meters deep among these manganese nationals that covered the sea bed. many of them have yet to be identified. it's a habitat that's evolved over millions of years, skipped guns. but see, there's a specific organism such as carlos and sponges mean manganese nodules as a habitat to provide on friends. in turn, these provide to have type for marine phonics,

such as brutal stars in scope of pods. we could lose them for millions of years on these and familiar on the out of it. this is what the sea bed looks like after it's been harvested. scientists with the g on my homework center for ocean research have examined a former test type used by a belgian mining company. that one little car. what does these mining operations are set to be large scale covering several 100 square kilometers a year. so advanced life forms could be destroyed for many, many generations who get that up to and such that industry claims these naturals are needed for the energy transition. aside from manganese, they contain 3 highly sought after metals, cobalt nickel, and copper $3.00 to $5.00 times more than deposits on land. the elephant. let's face it. the sea mining will not replace long binding. what will happen is that we'll start destroying the ocean, as well as the rest of the environment to teach the it's

a strong manganese natural deposits in the world's oceans are at risk, including the clarion clipper to in zone a site that many countries are currently buying to mind the international c been authority has already approved exploration licenses. germany has submitted to claims and we also have a say on how to regulate deep sea mining in the area keeps it according to maritime law. deep sea mining is permitted in principle, but only on the condition that serious consequences for the marine environment over ruled out. the way you search, we've been doing for many years, shows very clearly that they can't be ruled out. and that's why germany and other countries, including france, wants to stop any mining plans until researches give the green light, even if it takes generations to the german mineral resources agency is just one body that conducts studies showing that the demand for metals will increase many

times over in the coming decades, but some could be recycled or simply replacing them altogether. does that change the portal trends over at knology has advance to the point that we're developing cobalt free by trees and desktop. was this new need for deep sea mining to support the energy transition problem to kind to see that the deep sea and impact ecosystem for the next environmental disaster. it's up to the international c bet authority to decide on its future the we asked you on social media, do you think deep sea mining coats, more opportunities? oh, more home on facebook, francisco santa maria says, coal mining is bad for the planets. people protest, but at the same time they look ready to do with that we have to make sure that

mining does as little damage as possible. even if that makes it more expensive. a v b 1987 on instagram roads. you have to look more closely at the cost benefit ratio . i assume that not all of the cdn has the same characteristics of the same via the city. also and instagram bones. it is highly dangerous. we're already contaminating the us in an uncontrolled way. deep sea mining and the further extraction of oil must be burned. those have massive impacts on the time that they should be laws prohibiting then thanks for your inputs, the red. why? what would you like to know about deep sea mining, or do you have any other questions about science?

send us a video text or voice message. if we don't so your question on the show will send you a little surprise as the thank you. come on just dos in the ocean. the d. b, you go the highest, the was a patient method. you can go in hong kong to ask this question. why don't deep sea creatures get crushed by war suppression? 2 sides of the us is covered in most of the oceans, all on average, full 1000 meters. deep. anything deeper than 200 meters is considered deep sea. and the 19 century researches began to chop the depth of the oceans. one of the pioneers of deep sea research was edward folds, according to his theory, life couldn't survive and was his d, kevin 500 meters. today. we know that the deep sea is home to

a variety of marine life. new species we discovered every yeah. were such as estimate that there are still thousands new species yet to be discovered. even though deep sea conditions, same pushy, inhospitable. the water temperature is always cold. there is no lights, and the pressure is immense. the d for you go the great to the water pressure. only very specific animals can but stand it some deep sea jelly fish live in most is as deep as 6000 meters at 10000 me just deep as one ton of pressure per square centimeter. and yet sea creatures don't get crushed . the most deep sea creatures don't have a swim bladder or other hollow guns on like creatures, but live in shadow. worse as best when blood is would be crushed at that tip. the

deep sea creatures also have higher in the pressure they would never survive close to the surface. another check out the sleeve, trying metal the main oxide o t m. a. for shown, this molecule stabilizes the proteins within the cells so that they don't lose the shape and the high pressure, the higher the concentration of t m a. oh, the deep, the creature can go. the human body can never survive such pressure. but with diving bells, humans have gone all the way down to 10000 meters. the world record for the deepest dive without some protective caps. fuel was just 333 meters. and it took the dive of 15 hours to equalize the pressure on his ascent. juice, fish have feelings that blink. and they don't cry. whatever happens,

they don't change. they facial expression. that's one reason that no one thinks about their well being. not the how the anglers know, so i can say fishbock with know there's new data about the ability of fish to feel stress and pain and that could have far reaching consequences cold as a fish. we own the say. no one worries very much about their feelings, including body to flakes tours in angling. instructor domestic fish have to be a specific size before it's legal to catch them. this little perch was the lucky failure. doesn't think that the pain of a hook and their lip is too terrible of the

coma. i always say when i'm teaching, you have to think of it like getting your living here from your own board. and the other thing, it certainly hurts the fisher maybe for a short time. and for example, for life my thoughts on previous. but i imagine it just feels a bit strange anymore. still, it's nothing that affects it in the long term. if you have some useful information on how it is by and tasty, most people assume that fish either feel little or no pain. what does the research say of the marine biologist, whom would zig now has long been interested in the question as to whether fish, fuel pains we meet up with him in the natural history museum band. remo, when you talk about pain, you have to distinguish between 2 factors and is the height one is the purely sensory perception, and the other is the psychological perception which it hurts and it's unpleasant and fish can feel sensory pain. now the questionnaires can they also feel it

psychologically on him? there was one study by james rose that concluded they don't know based on the reasoning that in humans processing the payment processing, emotional pain takes place primarily in the cerebrum. i'll buy things not exclusively, but mainly on the survey. bramble face do not have a cerebrum. so the argument is simple. no brain, no pain was no brain, no pain's incision or pain kind. but since then, in the last 20 to 30 years, there's been a lot of evidence from research that suggests that's a big to simplistic a plus to. i'm talking to an experiment that's considered a milestone in research on the neural behavioral nature of fishes scientists look into whether fish would pay as it were for pain relief. z profession normally prefer to move around in aquariums with plants and the sandy bottom. needs to offer them protection and food. in an experiment, one group was injected in the lip with

a c, the gas it, which hurts. and the control group with iso tonic sailing solution. both are harmless for the fish. they have the choice of staying in the barren or the hospitable side of the aquarium. at 1st, as expected, they all state in the hospitable car. however, when a pain killer was dissolved on the other side, the fish injected with a see the gas, it preferred to swim there. this shows on the one hand that fish react to pain killers and on the other, and that they're willing to pay a price for release, sacrifice of protection and food options. the many earlier skeptics now, except that fish can have a psychological experience of pain. the debate has revolved around the definition of consciousness in fish compared to humans. and if fish do feel pain, what can we do about it?

if you should, if fish don't feel pain, we can treat them very differently according to the animal welfare laws concerning reading, capture, and experimentation. then if they're pain sensitive and so it has direct consequences. the i think the consequences in germany, like many other european countries, animal welfare is in freind in the law. no 1 may cause pain, suffering or harm to animals. the reasonable exceptions might be made for strictly controlled research or slaughtering animals to eat them. this was philosopher, matthew subdued, is critical of this approach. just recently. she is the main thing is that we try to protect animals from stress fear and pain of flats and trying to be animal protection act looking. so from an ethical perspective,

i think that's very important. the animal protection act in switzerland and to germany regulates the economic use of animals. you can give yourself to submit testing for seas special protection for anamosa. it just regulates how we're allowed to use them via t notes and do a put in the global fish industry. fish welfare is not an issue. squeezed together for hours, farmed fish are pulled up to the surface of park you quickly, which makes their swim bladder as rupture on deck, they suffocate in agony. the pictures come from green piece. they don't appear to have been stunned before being killed as required by animal welfare loss. in many countries. swiss marine biologist rosella t. used to work in research. now she works for the n g o fair fish, which campaigns for better standards and fisheries and aquaculture. not that most people aren't even aware of what the fish, the ends up on the plate has been 3 and they buy and sell it to fish. then there's

a nice, the whole source that goes with it through the too much. no one knows the fonts like what kind of fish it his square lift, how it died, and how it was quote, with 5 different humans. most wildcard fish comes from fishing fleets owned by industrial nations. they buy fishing licenses from small african countries, for example, and then deplete all the local fish stocks. the local fishermen don't see a cent of the profits. what should be done to fight injustice and fish suffering the saving status? i would like to see the sea fishing and industrial fishing as its practice today cease to exist at one point. we should obviously, it's a brutal slow to of trillions of fish country to any animal. well, fellows, he's who can fix that whole time is up to nothing for me. it's not just a large mass. these are individual fish living creatures, 5th and they does of by time you will see how the fish fish

have feelings just like other animals. this is a fact that consumers and the fishing industry need to grasp the as fish stops dwindles. the fish industry is costing it's nets ever. wide. the bowls oceans are in poor condition, listening pollution and climate change. a leading to algae growth, which rubs to most of life and oxygen. marine life is increasingly vulnerable. in this thing is that connected to the open ocean by only a narrow straight all particularly effected on the baltic sea, then looking for a solution these german politicians are visiting the baltic sea thanks to a special camera. they can tell that it's not in good condition because even us,

we've seen that the sea grass meadows are well developed on the surface, which is important for climate protection. but as soon as you get into deeper waters with the sea grass disappears, that's due to the presence of nutrients which blocks sunlight. and that's a big problems put in these nutrients. so that because of all the fuss, eliza washed into the sea by rivers. it also results in areas with low oxygen levels known as dead zones, where requested life constant vive. it's not the bolduc fees. and the problem is the fishing and pollution from plastics and world war 2, munitions, of putting a strain on the ecosystem to which this is the will, it's important that we give nature room to recover. so species can we generate and multiply, that means zones that are not being used, not even for fishing, so that nature can develop freely. would you not? why i'm just fight and fight. a special representative for the oceans,

sebastian own that supports the idea of creating a both exceed national hawk. local fishermen, however, are skeptical. no, not on store prohibited zone where boats aren't allowed. what will be allowed as well, so shouldn't be allowed. don't have enough protected areas already moving such good be due from older are 25 of them on the baltic coast to installation because time we're fishing is already restricted. that's why you're saying, because no culture has doubts that worried the tourists might stay wave too much of the beach is out of bounds. so now the baltic sea national park is just one proposal to improve the states of the baltic sea. but one way or another, something needs to be done. the conventional foaming crops sprayed using fertilizer to arrive from intensive

livestock farming, which is not good for the animals, the soil of excitement. but what a mole, climate friend, the type of agriculture look like. we find out from the farmer in southern germany who uses exclusively plans based fertilizes. it is applicable to one day organic farmer. claimant's phones got the shock of his life. he had switched over to organic fruit farming 20 years ago. he was quite successful and happy until one day he received a fertilizer delivery that really shocked him. i think the 2nd okay. when i opened up the sack, there was half a cows headed in there and explained of stones us. i was surprised that a cows head was in there because i had actually ordered, horn shaving evolve for me, so we'll just give you the smell was revolting. so one shaving is in the bag. smoke

like burned the car tires and then the whole thing that same year i bought chicken peak, says fertilizer things like they were supposed to be from organic chickens in italy . but they were actually from caged industrial chickens and hungry even chagrin. those neighbor gives and design. i was that was the experience that made me realize that i don't want any of that on my farm. leave me study. so less calling me. i'm not going to support anything that gives me a bad feeling. will me out and kind of going to skip through. animal fertilizers, made of industrial meat scraps are cheap and deficient. avoiding them completely would be a big financial risk. steel claimants holding funds, 18 hector's of organic apple trees near lake constance in southern germany. the fertilizer provider to ship me something different and he said it wouldn't be a problem and that it would cost more attention, get it for me, since he wants me to pay for his services. so he said, i'll get you something else, but you are the only one who isn't happy. that i said, okay,

then i'm the only one. the advantage animal fertilizers have over plan based ones, is that they contain more nitrogen and other nutrients that includes fertilizers, made of horn shavings, and cow hoops. however, a big disadvantage is that they came from conventional animal farming. according to agricultural scientists and sabina chica, the that's a big problem. ecological meat farming isn't wide spread enough, and that's why organic farmers depend on fertilizer. meat from 5 products of the conventional media industry was one looks to know that using animal waste products from industrial sloth to house is one that raises a whole slew of questions about with about 3 new comic farming on just being. that's why the organic farming industry is starting to use new satellites, us to break the cycling through them, but to, to look that way. they will not be so dependent on fact, alliances that come from conventional sources took them into the continents and in the opinions to find the how many of the new fertilizers like clover brass,

peas and algae have different amounts of nitrogen and nutrients. so who in time researches are investigating how well they work in a long term project over several years. and they want to determine how plant based fertilizers perform compared to animal based fertilizers. that also includes liquids that come from plants. and that's the most important. what we found is that there was something faster. life is like venice which is a liquid fertilizer released nitrogen rapidly. you have on the other 5 slices that release nitrogen gradually. so the timing is not as easy. so i can still use them. can you just have to adjust the font device ation stress j do is try to gain entry, placing it on tests, claimant's phones decided for a different path. he doesn't use animal fertilizers anymore. by reviving old techniques, he's discovered new possibilities. the escape signs of the hit too little. there

are plant based fertilizers, but they aren't very popular because they're so expensive. a couple of which i how i and i use potato skins, brown algae, and us, which is an important fertilizer that is commonly used and organic fertilizer, including all testing fetus, allow me to the novelty. there are lots of nutrients inside what it's all plan based on 3 cos we side of the i'd say. and finally i so clover for the newer plantations so that the nitrogen gets bundled, and they have enough nutrients at the beginning to move so organ. at 1st, the claimant's own felt like he was fighting an uphill battle. he didn't realize then that more and more farmers are also doing without animal fertilizers. their method is known as bio sick like beacon agriculture, which includes composts to fertilize re shows up unit c to the video recordings that we're taking on claimants. one's fine with. she's convinced that his trees are getting enough nutrients from the bios to click begin. fertilizer and using fluffy

compost is also a key part of the new strategy. officially, this is chalk this up from a scientific point of view. you can post as a silent homicide to you out on a laptop, which is good for story, a composition of dots. who does people get tools to increase the soil? start much for a lot of 20 out. when you add nutrients, that's more of a long time satellite ation procedure on, but you also get the positive effects of these other soil qualities on the board. and i can shop the scientists have discovered that plant based fertilizer also works well on tomatoes and pickles. there's a lot of potential for doing away with animal fertilizers on fruit and vegetable farms. the many of the claimant's ones colleagues are now interested in purely planned face fertilizers. so you to are no longer convinced that the animal fertilizers that still dominate the market are all that eco friendly banassi. so they're following hooton's lead from the field. so he mostly

uses that sick, liquid fertilizer. that's a bit like molasses. all the i fi pulled up to 40 sceptics. it's very sick and takes a bit of getting used to, but it works. he'll stick arbutus from bio sick look leak. and agriculture is more expensive and more complicated to use. but claimants hunt takes it all in stride systems. ok, it has to be ok for me. that's very important. when the plants are doing well and i feel good about using it, then i'm happy because i'm taking care of the soil and even improving it for future generations. the same as honda stopped using fertilizers that come from industrial farming research. and this experience have shown firsthand that this approach can be both eco friendly and economically successful. that's it for this week's edition of tamara today, d w science program. join us again next week for more exciting stories from the

world of science and tech. until then by the

try and repeat after me, there will again to god read, sherwin google gods evaluate the full screen gauge, vocab, acquitted, and so forth. i'm interested in leo for that is the longest name of the place in europe and its wells. we should definitely try to pronounce at least one year on the coming on d, w algorithms instead of paints and brushes, artificial intelligence is conquering the art world,

new technology and so are becoming ever more creative. but can they replace humans as authors and makers? and do we even want to that can artists and a i co exist in fuzzy minutes on d, w, the fast fashion as an environmental nightmare. a closing graveyard image of land desert. this is where things wealthy industrial nations no longer need and the lightest textile waste gets stranded here. all about the final stuff in the

global fashion industry. fast fashion. watch now on youtube. so you don't feel the same way you expect and one's different things from life than your parents . i just want to pursue was that's my so on fired or you think you kid is 2 different risk areas for and so the unreasonable old or southern port is as nonsense. i wonder it was under the doctor. is there an alternative to plan everything to prevent a divorce, but nothing worth doing because it's time you were asleep and we're paying for them when generations last

this week on the w is kind of funny. feels like the this is the w news, and these are our top stories. the war between israel and tomas has reached its 100 the day after the how mazda attack on israel, on october 7th. since then israel has counted over 1200 people dead. the hamas one house ministry says more than 23000 people have been killed in gaza, and 85 percent of the population has been displaced. lava from the volcano which erupt it early on sunday in iceland has reached the small fishing time of green defeat. the molten lava flows have set some buildings on fire. the times residents were evacuated saturday night.