or metal that you've likely never had to have heard of. that is viable, vital to a new sustainable tax that's coming up after a break. so just stay with us. if you can. i'm sarah kelly in berlin. thank you so much for joining me. take care the vacation as an applicant, do they have good weather? i, when i told me that they don't have violence. and we go sailing tulsa tissue today, because when they go to that we set up for, you know, medical people, i was work hard one the tenants, although i so not because i was just kinda curious if you thought see who the

. ringback on september 7th, 2010, a seemingly small incident in the middle of the east china change the course of history. a chinese fishing trauma and to japanese coast guard ships collided in the disputed water. the japanese coast guard detained the skipper. tensions between the 2 countries have been rising over here, and the chinese government was canceled high level political meetings with japanese officials, reportedly reduced exports of crucial re of elements to japan. china has denied this, has happened, and it's paid by how much they reduce their exports. but what is clear is that this small events mark the stock of an incredible price search. and what of why the

frenzy to secure these red as elements, arguably the most important of them being this new to me is a weird little element that will tell. i'll shoot you, the new domain is hidden all the way down here in the politic system. it's one of the 17 red. it's elements which are actually not the greater at all. these metals were 1st considered rad because they have never been seen before. but rear us like new demi, i'm quite abundant in the us crust. it's just very hard to separate them from the material around them. what it was discovered in 1885 by this austrian scientist. nobody really knew what to do with it. from the 19 twenty's onward, it was used to color the last type of fancy, but still not very useful. but in 1983 researches from general motors and the japanese conglomerate. so me to more independently announced a huge invention at the same conference. if you combine me or do me em together

with boy on an iron, you'd get really, really strong magnet today. now gimme a minute. self is also used in special protective last, and felicia is among other things. but the magnet is what turned out to be a game changer. this is a regular affair, right? magna probably what's in your normal fridge magnets? i mean, they're super easy to separate. no problem. this is what's called a supervisor. and they are super strong. oh my god, the i swear to god, i'm not that week. now do me a magnus can be up to 10 times stronger than fair, right? magnets. normally, the 9th is ation of breaks up into the subdomains, punching in different directions. this is michael kelly, the professor who has been researching magnets for over 50. yes or no. we don't want that to happen. to have a good use the use of

a permanent magnet. we want them all to be in the same direction. and the way you do that is allowing the on with another element, which is new didn't mean, which is the best one. for this purpose, that makes me now give me a magnet. it's crucial for things like electric cars, wind turbines, or even your phone. so a quick refresher why we need magnets for these things in the 1st place to are making the simplest electric marta from these monuments a battery and some copper wire frustrates for this battery on couple of these magnets. so and then you need to form your copper and a type of full service. now the me, a magnet or the creating a really strong magnetic field. this factory is the energy. so the top of this corpus board needs to touch the battery, and the bottom pop needs to touch the magnet so that the electricity can flow

through the the when this happens because of a principle called the lawrenceville. you may remember from high school, this is how we convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. so this is a basic principle of how an electric model to works. and that's what we use also for electric cos, the same principle, good for wind turbine. just the other way around this mechanical energy is then turned into electrical energy through the magnet inside here and the call the school. so in the bigger versions of these, instead of the l, a. d being looked up, that's the electric energy that the generator gets fed into the grid. so the stronger the magnet, the better and leave now do me a magnets of the strongest commercial magnets on the market. they also relatively cheap, and see the how to de magnetize in the invention of now, do me

a magnets paved the way for more efficient electric motors. then we'll come back and light to because these magnets are so powerful that even comparatively small ones get the job done. today many electric cars contain an average of about the kilogram of now. do me a magnets. wind turbines use much, much more deposit tongue turbine. these are also really important in order to equipment like these headphones, old big speakers inside these broken headphones. this still should be something magnet. so list to get well, that was easy. in these headphones, you have a cup of spoil and a magnet. the electricity is converted into movement, which then is converted into audio waves. in the case of your phone, there's a tiny magnet in here, and that causes the starting to vibrate. mess of in the meanwhile light that's going to be used for electric,

causing wind turbines that popping up everywhere. this is why the mountaineer do me and it's only projected to grow and could out strip supply. but let's rewind back to that boat incident for a minute. it wasn't just depends that kind of delay when they realize how dependent they have become on rent of mine and china on the price of me or do me, i'm showing up dramatically after the collision. it's all born out of this, this fear from the, the, the concentration that you the race. and it's been 20 times with china. this is michelle bustamante. she looks like critical minerals and their impact on land and natural resources. i have seen the concerns around these types of materials lead a lot of countries to become more resourceful, naturalist and i solution s. and want to mind all of our own stuff. and all mean

you now produce everything domestically australia, where it is relatively abundant, has scaled up its production significantly. the us reopened. it's one rate of mine in 2017. yamaha has scaled up it's mining, but exports a lot of it's rare us to china. india once to quadruple it's domestic production in the coming decade. but scaling up new to me and production is still far from easy. the problem is getting this element out of the new do, ma'am, is found jumbled together with other similar elements purifying. it takes a lot of steps that process use as many acids and sold instead of detrimental to the environment and hazardous to work as not only that, whenever unique challenges associated with rear or mining often is that they're mixed up a lot of the or is mixed stuff with highly radioactive elements. that's why even 10 years after the f crisis,

china is still the main producer of these elements. and they would do me along with other writ of elements, has been hot topic during recent trade. tensions and prices us starting to search again. the problem is that these new do me a magnet off so great that it's really hard to replace them. but people have tried to find other ones, other combinations of on with different rats. and some of them have been somewhat successful, but nothing as good as meeting them all these details about the metallic g. much, much to what does work though, is using less of it more efficiently. for example, in electric motors, we found that b s, you could not surely replace 50 percent off from your day meal. which fair, right? mark me without compromising performance. this is a can on livid in. he's a chemist, developing new methods to recycle and substitute new to me a magnet the so is it mother of all penalties and

substitution, but not right? for the entire replacement. recycling always seems like the most obvious solution, but when the very early stages go in personal electronics, these magnets are small and hot to retrieve because they're built in with other materials, making it easier to just use new new to me. but since the wind turbine and the electric call markets are also expected to keep on growing, it could incentivize more recycling. and since the magnets use there are bigger it could be more cost effective. i can tell you that we're making version for this approach is to recover these forever elements in an environmentally friendly way. using that process, we call the assets free, the solution office. with this method, there is no need to pre sold and separate out rid of magnets, one by one instead of toxic assets. the process use is called the sold and selectively lead to our rate us. and these are examples of rare elements that we're

to cover up from the it would make it even easier if manufacturer is already built . they've products with recycling in mind when we create the currently sustainable supply chains that involve a high degree of reduce recycling. that's when we're really gonna solve the problem is that create all this fear not just by trying to mind everything ourselves as individual nation. so it's unlikely that this obscure element is going out of fashion anytime soon. did you know about super magnets in there? do me m, please let us know in the comments and subscribe. read those videos like this. every 5 the,

the, the go for some, $4000.00 pon, catch fish. a large fish farm and nigeria is making a successful investment in

a sustainable future. possible culture is becoming increasingly important when it comes to feeding the country's population next on dw maritime trade and tourism can be powerful sources of beacon nomic growth. but they come with greater risk than before. container shipping is vulnerable to both accidents and political conflict. crew ships caused considerable environmental damage. can we still afford these enormous vessels made in germany. in 60 minutes on d, w, the, the,

the special hot spots in germany here dw travel. extremely busy. we are all set and we're watching closely. we all seem to bring you the story behind the news. we rolled about unbiased information all 3 months of fateful encounter. in the late 19 seventy's former concentration campaign, my general most meisner meant the man who had to maintain him go stump dog, known as the beast of sylvie bar. shame on you, tell the truth. to use nature, wagner was dead. and investigation concluded that it was suicide. of the fire. give

rise to don't really have to go see the january 27th on the hello and welcome to a new edition of a co africa talk lean to climate crisis. take skills on the modulation. it means transforming the way with think about everything. and for that we need people with vision and people with know how i am present lives coming to you from lagos, nigeria, and our own sandra, the homes, the 3 nobody will joining you from composite.