is i know the wi fi, i might just do it and i'm hosting dw, and you've called past thanks trace amount, but there's no actually about move join us as we travel around your, facing the history of every day. okay. and that's something right around the wells . no need to talk to back, just to subscriber id, listen to pop, gosh. then we'll take you along to the right. the nice to be at the end just to pass the gun any difficult to access an expedition ventures on to places that no one has the data. why is the ice melting the design of the research in the ice fields? plastic on march the,

[000:00:00;00] the

old we can be the generation, the ends that feel good. malaria must die. so millions can live of the russia home to the world's biggest natural gas reserves. the gas is needed, especially in europe and to the end of the cold war. ushered in an era of conflicting energy dependencies and concerned in the west. you're giving the soviet union a heart currency and they're using that to build up their military. and this is going to come back to haunt. meanwhile, the 1980s, march, the beginning of the one man's extraordinary career. as a case officer, you have to be able to manipulate people because it has no such

a single stomach gives you the guy gas is one of his 2 main tools for coersion, for leverage for influence. soviet traditions continue golf oil and gas dependencies as a political weapon was par for the course. and the warsaw pact coming game of one of the world's most powerful men, history teacher, equally wielded, which probably has most effective weapons. with the help of guys prom vladimir putin has implemented policies designed to strike fear into the wider world. the whole purpose of north stream was to be able to pressure eyes centrally, me see, or north soon. one was a project. teams had allow when you're russians to play hardball engaged on the video,

molten insula in western siberia. the regents indigenous people maintain 1000 year old traditions on the tundra. here the natives are reindeer herders, and michael 0 at o is their leader. he's responsible for this group of about 40 minutes. they're on the move every day. it's going pretty well. now. it's much more difficult in ottoman the name that's migrate to keep their animals fat. but their route has become increasingly difficult in recent years. the once untouched nature of the amount peninsula is no more. the solution from the hardest crossing is still ahead of us, move on and cover. it's a long stretch where the wide river and concrete road getting the most concrete roads by search the tundra to provide access to one of russia's largest

natural gas deposits that goes on in cobo, gas field operated by gas from the biggest extraction company in the world. the business of blue gold has been about politics, money, and above all power. for decades. the people who are explorers in the energy industry, you're always looking for a giant you're looking for a large field which has low unit cost, which will provide you with supply over 30 years. they are very few giants left in the world that we know about. one country has benefited disproportionately for germany, the russian hydrocarbon bass. the gas base is in new orleans. so for large supply, low unit cost, you can do better on

a sure economic basis. then more cheap supply from russian you're going home bracht, let b a s f, the world's largest chemical company for 8 years. gosh, that's what the gas to be. 3 things for the ss, firstly, and most importantly to get the raw material includes chemistry begins with a carbon atom people. secondly, we need a lot of hospital. and thirdly, we also need the electricity to run our plants. we need the actual gas bill to be as f, b a s as a gas strategy has always focused on one thing. simple risk minimization that means access to oil and gas it, which is why we wanted to source up to 50 percent of our carbon needs ourselves, as in the last bill. that was the driving force behind everything. we did total with this while the play golf. but unimaginative, you must all be ss, e and, and gas problem signed a contract for the construction of a pipeline through the baltic sea. just before the 2005 german parliamentary

elections use inch wide towson. and today, we joined the joint venture to develop a new catholic field on western siberia in 2003, and then how long? because then we said ok, let's bring the cheap gas to central euro as well to ones. and the idea of what's to connect germany via this pipeline to our gas field side. and this will be hands, ease north stream warranty. you'll be tiny on this up, lots 3 minds. chancellor, gerhard schroeder had been a key ally of the for years. you have thoughts and i have to represent german interest as one, especially when it comes to energy security for the german economy. adults and the former nato analyst, richard anderson outlined in 2006 how natural gas could threaten europe. security it's pretty typical for military analysts to look at energy and how it can often be

a source of conflict. rushes energy dominance is an area of concern is that data analysts have certainly been looking at for the past several decades. natural gas gets used for producing electricity gets used for heating. it's the basic element that gets used to make plastics to make fertilizers. it's the life blood of a lot of industrial economies. so this is an old soviet union map here in the center. you can see some major natural gas and oil fields that were developed during soviet times. in the case of russia, i think it's been pretty clear, especially of late. the energy often can be the printers for to a war, centered by president kennedy, the west, germany's chief of state. in 1963, the kennedy administration tried to prevent the construction of the durish pop pipeline from the soviet union to eastern europe. minus one was providing the pipes

and other equipment, the us government occasion ministration, told them to stop doing it, which they did. west german chancellor, billy bryant then ushered in the countries knew us pull the tech thong relations. the tons and trade contracts were signed for the construction of gas pipelines. the work began in 1970 on a pipeline that would finally connect siberia with germany. because i was i or a jazz minister of the soviet gas industry, celebrates a deal worth 5000000000 together with these german partners. you guys from the soviet union arrives at the transfer station for the 1st time to get on your staff . i go for launch fit tough minutes that the economy administrative leave to extend the soviet. yes it is. got hey, what's the gas launch? as the result of the normalization of relations for the russians,

the deal was basically about hard currency that they needed because their economy was faltering and they needed the money from the west to keep the whole show going . how much schmidt brown successor also turned to siberia gaps a second's pipeline to europe was built based on this presume during chancellor schmidt's visit to moscow, german company signed a 3rd such contract valid until the year 2000 and get the schmidt deflected us president jimmy carter with the words trading partners don't shoot at each other. in fact, president carter wrote, apparently, in his notes that he was really tired of the us providing the stick and europeans competing to provide the carrots to incentivize the soviet behaviors that us washington was looking at the saying that you're giving to the soviet union, the heart currency and they're using that to build up their military. and this is going to come back to haunt us. the, as i shut down much,

i know that was even an argument best in fun. you're making yourselves dependent on the soviet superpower or ideological opponents of things. how can you, as nato members do such at their up to as be candid as the last month, the, the worries in the american side, we're about dependence. that russia would use energy as a political weapon, and that it would put your in germany in a position where it couldn't stand up to the soviet union. and so this was all seen as part of the overall soviet strategy to weaken the west and to break up nato. this situation, poland then reached a boiling point. the government imposed martial law in 1981, despite protests by the solely don or shed trade union. and new us president ronald reagan reacted with sanctions to disrupt russia's natural gas trade. the united states is taking immediate action to suspend major elements of our economic relationships with the polish government and we're proposing to our allies,

a further restriction of high technology exports to pull the new soviet pipeline to germany was built anyway. the sanctions are she were not very effective and also divided the west. margaret satcher said that we're losing jobs because we're not able to supply equipment for that pipeline. the us business was unhappy about this. the us was also selling components and the us argument for us, if we did consol these things, then you know, our competitors in europe will sell the equipment. so in the end they did show the sanctions as no secret that i realized didn't agree with this action. i am pleased to announce that the industrialized democracies reached substantial agreement on a plan of action. they did work out a compromise in, in the 1980s which put a limit on the amount of uh,

so the gas that went to europe and also ensure that there would be norwegian gas coming to europe. so that there was some diversified ation. washington tried to convince germany to stop relying on russian gas, but most continued to come from siberia as you give them. as a young diplomat, i was in the washington embassy and the a basset, or was really proud that he'd successfully argued against the americans pipeline embargo. like on them. we were all inspired by the idea that what we were doing was part of the policy of improving relations. it made sense to everybody, but no. i really don't remember anyone at the time saying this is heading in the wrong direction. i myself to dis getting fat charged but us intelligence services weren't happy. c, i a chief william casey developed a top secret plan with president reagan's blessing the vienna,

the spy capital of the world. the throughout the to ship in fargo, i was your typical black market dealer. it's in the pulse, close, especially mainframe computers, measuring instruments for nuclear physics. i think the said really delicate things that the less developed states couldn't make themselves since then taking cold. she'll get on a train with the east german estate security, which is where i was recruited. and then of course, after a break, i worked in the soviet union, some policy published in the soviet, on your list c. i a watched me for over a year and yeah, until one day when the time was right and the stock is too, they decided to intervene on the top some. so they said i had a choice, i could stay till at least 20 years in prison, or i work for that big news or the 2 up at this tunes. the c, i a supply the black market specialist with expensive high tech goods who sailed to

the soviet union was banned in the soviet to move on to the soviet union reacted as expected. there's a glitch, some g r u people suddenly appeared in the hotel scenes today. hey, i'm 2 gentlemen politely asked me to answer a few questions to up this and fixed that turned into a 6 hour interrogation because the tech equipment had clearly been tampered with on it for gifted a lot of man, everything was actually compromised and i found out then that the 1st big computerized sold a huge thing made up of cabinets, had caught fire. so, so these and getting in the, the, i've so far, you all get funded reagan and his see, i mean we have their site set on the siberian pipelines is in the website because you think i'm convinced that a broad variety of technology was being delivered to the product that there's a famous case of a gas pipelines and that was damaged by

a contaminated unit brought in from the west to at least the software running one of the largest gas pipelines in the soviet union when haywire in june, 1982 just as the ca, plans, the result was a huge explosion. the hunter has been on for this, have a choice. they've got kind of, there's no question if they caught me, i'd be dead. it was that simple. i was very, very happy. i survived surviving was the greatest triumph of my life. i survived. a russian engineer was arrested on the moscow street in 1985, a c. i a spy that he was leader executed in the pipeline soon repaired business as usual. vladimir putin was at the time being trained as a k g

b agent. he was sent to east germany in 1985. somebody ask him, what did you do and dressed. and he said, you know, he was a k g b case officer, and he said i was working with people of documents who just became a regular k g b presence and dressed. and he regularly showed up at meetings of the east german security service besides the stalls. the agents often photographed putting the is a case of this that you have to be able to manipulate people. you have to understand people's weaknesses, as well as the strengths and add to that the fact that he doesn't judo champions, you're trying sense even if your opponent is physically stronger than you, one of the other weaknesses, how can you distract them? so i think if you put those 2 things together, um he probably has been quite good or manipulating people, making them feel,

but they're very important and appealing to their own vanity. starcy officer mathias, bonnie was also active and dressed and he previously spied in the west. i had a close colleague in berlin at the time. i was in moscow and he had access to the stalls, the files and discovered the bone. it had indeed been with this policy we were interviewing people who knew both of them and they were able to place them in dressed and in the late eighty's and said that they were working together. what we were able to ascertain was that the k g b was actually trying to recruit styles. the agents in dressed in a stuffy id became part of clinton's disguise. and by 1989, he was looking beyond the preservation of con. mean, it was very, very impulse and for establishing that business career as of a lot of different people. and also i probably allowing the kids to be to present a lot of it's network key and that styles the chief areas smith got just a year earlier put in represented

a powerful state that was keeping east germany afloat with its cheap oil and gas. natural gas wants a very closely related to quality of life to worse to the probation off, you know, services allowing schools to function hospitals for functions. and i have to use the word glue you could describe that the chief energy that the soviet union was providing to its eastern european satellites, basically as a subsidy to keep their economies going to keep them tightened associated with it. so the rush was then using oil and gas as a disciplinary measure within the warsaw pact. when ever there was conflict. i'm thinking of the uprisings in hungry and 68 and check us lucky. on one of them, the young austin fish and mattress hired moscow, sent tanks to check us a document and supplied less oil and gas. moscow sent tanks to check us

a gotcha and supplied less oil and gas. one gas using oil and gas dependencies as a political weapon, was par for the course. and the warsaw pact, all they would offer very favorable oil and gas contracts. and in return, they of course, expected loyalty to soviet interest. as of today, asking about some of the after some and pressing i live the out some of the exploding, these dependencies in foreign and security policy has a long precedent for this out. it's going to take a task of a, as in the lesson long for an off how to in 1989 east germany was on the brink of collapse. but the soviet union continued to demand high prices for oil and gas, which the country could barely pay. it slid deeper into crisis, the associates of getting all this money from europeans. and they would see what the real price of energy in europe was. and i saw with our economies and doing

great why we're giving away our energy to these people. agents like find them, you're putin and mathias manas had to adapt. the system they worked under was ending bonnie landed on his feet, moments after the berlin wall crumbled the gets past so many thing how for example, how quickly vondik was fired by dressing the band. i mean, they identified him very, very early on, someone who would be extremely useful for the building up that business in eastern europe and russia. former agent vladimir putin repositioned himself as the statue of the key g beach founder was torn down in moscow. suits in his describes on very well in interviews. how he came back from dressed and he didn't know what to do and he was, was moonlighting as

a taxi driver on the streets of some pieces that you find is ended up in the man's office in saint petersburg. we've made some check. my subject was a reformer. he was also corrupt. so you had the period, they were putting this in charge of fine economic contacts. and that's i think when he became begun to make money, violence followed the collapse of the soviet union. the 1990s was a terrible time. it was just people trying to survive. well, the key thing was protection. what the russians called cri, show, which is readings. and sometimes grief can be someone in the criminal organization . sometimes it's a someone in the government in the ninety's often that person was the same person, the former size, the agent varnish, established contacts, and st. petersburg for dressing their bunk, both in local government and at a new company gas problem. they needed someone in the some pieces the government

who could look after them and opened doors for them. that was why the set of teaching vondik connection was so interesting because essentially putin was phonics collection. he was his roof coach and became more and more influential over the years, receiving dignitaries and growing his network. meanwhile, the remnants of the soviet union were being bartered away, claims were being states. the was the sort of time of no he. ready bought wild capitalism, it was a wild beast. essentially, russian natural resources was passed to a small coterie of all the dogs. so sort of extremely rich individuals in high leaves dubious, probably. so as ation options was a really, really rough ride for the west end investors. but potential rewards with just so

vast that they just kept the hands of the game. while the russian people scoured empty supermarkets for food and lives for freezing winters. international investors were bringing up cheap russian companies, especially those in raw materials. one object of speculation was the former gas ministry renamed a gas problem in 1989 and a corporation since 1992 gas from was the most undervalued company in russia. at the time. the reason that it was so inexpensive was that everybody assumed every last cubic meter of gas was being stolen. out of the company, a lot of assets were being siphoned off and given to friends and relatives of a senior management. this did not deterred german companies. one of the biggest shareholders gas from outside the school, the government of russia was rude. yes. the german company had already sold siberia

natural gas in germany during the soviet era. but other investors criticize the conditions that gas problem every year we would run a candidate for the board of gas problem, which is one of our people whose highlight the corruption they sent on the board. didn't of course vote for our candidate and didn't say a word they wanted they yes, as well. and they were absolutely unwilling to say a word about criminality. broke ass dominated the european market thanks to siberia and gas. this did not sit well with the staff, its largest customer nonsense windows 90 will be a f. f was essentially blackmailed in 1993 by broadcast through prices that were so high. we saw our lewd vix hoffen complex at risk field. we decided we needed an alternative team. we set up a joint venture with gas problem and they failed the necessary infrastructure in germany. home depot, fuel mode when to get in touch with to in touch on talk to about this up i'm gonna include so we build a large network alongside the existing one. im, including

a large storage facility and the biggest in germany. and this one is easy. it was a big deal. this is, it was ultimately co financed by gas problem between us here the german government under how much coal favorites such projects. partly because they pumped up the reader, russian president, boris yeltsin. d. pop the idea of a partnership with a russian that had made german reunification and possible was that the heart of the german foreign policy go to the left, right, or centering, scrape when the mid to end for large stretches of the 1996. there was nothing wrong with that fights the other objective was not to leave russia behind as a sort of failing state. and you didn't want to nuclear power sort of going off on its own in some other world holes for gave the depths of yelton's russia and the natural gas float. putin noticed 210,

drew the conclusion very early on that russia's greatness was based on its extraordinary oil and gas wells and box needed to be deployed strategically in order to enhance rushes, great past status, who didn't have gas and nonsense, even putting, wrote a doctoral thesis in the 1997 on energy dependencies and how they could be instrumental lives in foreign policy. from the very beginning from he had developed a strong personal interest in the issue and because i myself had talks with german intelligence officials could also read it. we talked about what it actually meant and being deemed as the austin, the if german intelligence knew the chancellor's office due to vincent being the, the domestic political trends were relatively clearer and more state control of the energy industry managed directly by the kremlin component that gave up shop to

accommodate me. elect of. i'm coming tonight to book such policy has its roots thousands of kilometers away. at the bowls on in coco gas fields in western side, the area an invaluable resource ranger heard or micros sorento has let his heard through the tundra for 25 years like generations of need that's before him. but since the development of the gas field gas pumps infrastructure has made life difficult for these indigenous people, micros heard is moving to the car. see in the north? that's how it's always been. but the closer they get to the gas field, the more pensive these tundra no mats become, the actually will look at the roads. that's a dead end to. they also build

a rail road that will you do want to be soon. we won't have any land lab and what happens if they close this crossing to go to one or 2? we won't be able to get to the other side, but we will have to spend the summer somewhere here. but it gets to what we've already had a bad 3 years in a row. that snow cover was to think what to put it up, workable not for the reindeer were so weakened, but half of them died which i didn't slope. we started the motion and the extract lots of gas gas. i need to sell it abroad for big money. yes. and what about the, you know, i'm, i'm for the the fee to the maintenance has always been a side issue for gas problem. while a single man in 2000 reached a level of power, no one expected vladimir putin became president of russia in the 1st year of the new millennium,

did already served as prime minister and director of the secret service, the speed. he had connections throughout the state of virginia, but he did you instead of keeping it up, there were major things that quote and had to do. one was to solidify the power that the russian government had over these industries. and it wasn't just in, in natural gas and oil, it was across the board putting went out of his way to put his cronies into these companies. newton also took power economically, company by company position by position. then you really sold the rise facility to keep the strong man, the guys from the security services who then began to occupy key positions in the patients administration. who can also set his sights on gas pump at the time. still a massive and unmanageable company at the annual general meeting who stepped into the fray, and he fired remedy aka rab, who is the ceo of gas from who's doing all the stealing along with

a 6 or 7 compatriots. and he replaced them with the new guy whose job it was not to do any stealing. his name is lexie miller. he was a guy that teaching you from st. petersburg. i remember what the science of somebody in cask from a little bit irritated, reese this guy, what's, you know about anything good this, the only people that can run gas pumped people for some pages, but, and the answer was no. these are the only people that trust go to lexie. miller was not the true gas problem boss. of course not. he couldn't decide alone. gosh, he could decide for gas problem and we've got but it's still have to be voted on file. and that's why certain deals took longer to we're talking about a state own company's pocket gas problem, followed pollutants orders and bought a critical television station, mtv and brought it into line move the data. but we're asking

everyone to both mtv journalists and all those when sites them to stop and putting up hurdles. and you've got critical journalists square dismissed, protests ignored. i pretty good. yeah. i just wonder howard people can elect a president like that. it's horrible with that. the with the i'd be gas problem still owns its own glitzy broadcasters, 20 years later, a dominant force in russian media. the a dedicated line leads from the station boss directly to the kremlin and put in for gas problem also controls private radio stations like echo of moscow location. i'm the number when dividing me, approaching came to power in 2000. she wanted to get control of independent media

is ladies who might be started with television, of course on much will. but also one of our shareholders with the majority stakes. i knew that the music was used key. you can use chair seized on me in order to take out a loan from guys. problem room. i'm not sure that's why i always say that my miller isn't. our shareholder pushing is guy's problem. isn't our shareholder the presidential administration on soon? so that's what president the station was banned from operating and march 2022. just over 20 years earlier, vladimir putin had shown a very different face on a visit to berlin. many german politicians that saw him as a symbol of hope put the music of for today we must declare firmly and definitively as the cold war is over. excuse me, and subject problems. aside beneath everything beats the strong living part of russia,

which is open to full fledged cooperation and partnership getting some thank you. the, the, the, when i saw the response to that speech back then, i thought it was a bit naive help. people were so uncritical of a man who had been in the k g b for years of off the learning java even gonna probably be bob put in one the unconditional support of german chancellor. gerhard schroeder is i'm give you this so close it opportunity for democratization didn't really exist. but that didn't change the fact that russia was the 2nd most powerful nuclear power on early to then and now a full month, whether you like it or not. when you have to live with russia food or the my attitude at the time was that we had to try to somehow integrate exam on an international level. and so,

but you didn't need to have any illusions about that. him, you're putting this character back in russia who didn't was having the 1st offices in terms of the only got searched a new power struggle was emerging. it was very humiliating for putting in all the k to be you guys for them to watch a bunch of no buddies in their minds. people who aren't part of the system become so spectacularly wealthy will all these k g b guys were basically, you know, paid $50000.00 a year by these all the guards to do in arrest, you know, enemies and to trump drum up to the criminal cases. against business competitors and so had been diminished to paid service for the owners who in summons the oligarchs in 2003, questioning them on live tv. one was singled out that frustration and not bits, and this came through very, very strongly in the campaign against protocol. that was where it really crystalized. because you soul, you know,

this is the strong man in the kremlin and in the government really target someone who for them symbolized this all the god class, someone who had come from virtually no way to a mass staggering wealth and to take over one of the biggest oil companies in the country. michelle krakowski was then head of the oil company. you close the market number 2 behind gas problem. krakowski was regarded as a put in critic with suspicions. a state corruption who is reaction was to have critical ski arrested. yukos was accused of tax evasion. the you could see and in the kind of the campaign to destroy called the called sky, there was real. there was a sort of vengeance that for all the humiliations that they had suffered with the

collapse of the study union. krakowski was publicly tried. we were at the time following this process extremely closely because it was really the 1st big attack by pretends kremlin on private business. he was sentenced in may of 2005 to 9 years and a piano camp yukos was seized and auctioned off for less than it's value hooton's associates took over the oil company and next preparation and all but name the and i with the expropriation. you have to ask, how did certain people get their hands on these resources in the 1st place? you can say they might have had something that didn't belong to them at all. and couldn't edmond's office by protocol. she was taken to a siberian prison camp in russia's far east. near the border with china. criticism from abroad fell on deaf ears. the

german chancellor gerhard schroeder picked aside. these are the form of these reforms. ladies and gentlemen have put russia on a path of stable economic growth if they think good things, there's not the slightest, no reason to engage in debates, which would shake that confidence based on this or that event as these us. but on a should that incentive the german energy companies wanting difficult negotiations with russia in 2004 over access to a gas reserves just as put in was desperate to build a pipeline to germany. the so western technology and partnerships were very important in terms of bringing russia to the point where it, once again became really an energy super power proved to needed technical help from germany. russia's pipeline network was in disrepair. they had discovered enormous fields in places like less than siberia,

but they couldn't develop them because they didn't have the capital. but german chemical company b, a sense did them bind. so we'd already converted the 1st hour plaid from oil to natural gas and 1997. because the kyoto protocol pointed very clearly towards c o. 2 reduction, sure, and killed to japan. the international community reached its 1st binding agreement to limit greenhouse gas emissions. we adopt these things and so these side will discuss a gas, has an advantage with gas, you can run a combined heat and power plant and unlock it. but in other words, you can exploit the resource much, much better compared to pure oil or coal burning wood. hooting was directly involved in negotiations between russia and b, a. assets each side needed the other ending. each clay was always

very well prepared for meetings. so i'm going to talks with are preparing, but i never saw that was put in place is how we should be put in need only so many western executives who dealt with putting felt that we're dealing not only with the president of russia, but the ceo of russian energy, because of his knowledge, is detailed knowledge and interest and focus on energy. so he's, i mean, he's an enter the guy as well as a political guy i've actually met which in 16 time, what impressed me most of those gatherings with his knowledge of all the statistics . he doesn't have to turn to any of his assistants. awesome, so he really loves images. this guy knows about energy in a way that the minimum of these as much countries have from that, why do he was more the seo gas from when he was president. putin was driven by one thing above all. we'll do literally is to reach an agreement with the parents club and especially with our german partners on an early repayment of part of this debt

to the paris club. i'm guessing it just if it was a good place to buy names, what's the german government present? that negotiations with gas prom and to moscow, i don't know the representatives of the german government were not there. it was really negotiated between gas problem and b, a s f and other partners. you know, it also took quite a long time and how do you offer that to you for them to get over? but mathias, veronica, the xt. as the agent working for dressing or bunk was always present on the way from a g, u people. and on the german side, inform us policy. and that seemed very strange and very suspicious. it confirmed us in the negative instinct about this thing. andre coogel, yes, boss of ukraine's oil and gas company, new gas from better than anyone. was born use a saw. and i clearly understood is that the company of that important can never be just

a simple company. this is bottled state. i was member of litigation from dr. guess . is that the land to negotiate? so i knew gas transit is the person who was hosting else was engulfed from middle manager who after having couple of shots of what he viewed himself as a former special agent all fine. so you get the balance of service when i was kind of talking to myself and great. you have to be very careful. most people around here, z. i'm not the business people. zahn little guess. people is these people were thoughts and developed to spite and dispute later, you could talk to both level advice from the officials from the very, very top they'll, they'll use it as no such a single stomach gives you the guy,

the the british news magazine, the economist wrote in 2005, set coo and had to means at his disposal to restore russia's former influence, nuclear weapons and gas. i think those still are the 2 major levers that pulled and has keys quite shrewd and he did realize the gas is one of his 2 main tools for coersion for leverage for influence. then nato analyst richard anderson wrote realistically, without serious concerted efforts on the part of the states. russia will have the upper hand and this relationship quite simply, demand will remain constant almost without regard to price, giving the choice of a cold dark home for pay exorbitant prices. europeans will do the latter. the construction

began unable to exceed pipeline at the end of 2005. the project was eventually chris and nordstrom, the others and event like that is always done for show, but it was still important stuff. today we're beginning of the north european gas pipeline project, lots north stream. one is a big deal. no question about it. kind of, i don't regret it one bit either. i don't have a problem with it at all. don't disagree with the right thing to do on that. no, it was right for b. s. f. and it was right for europe. we should reserve gas from western cyber area for europe when every possible this of young vince, the market. alexi miller introduced garrett hard shooter as a new head of nord streams, shareholder committee on a cold day in december. just 17 days after he left germany's chancellor. a

voice as he doesn't speak, you know, he would do it. no, i didn't. i talked with a 100 americans directly, i'm eligibility for now on the other girls. her schroeder had taken the job. i told her that was an intention. what one did you say? now that she didn't make any other comment? they told her to be always of the police until america became chancellor in 2005, the appointment of her predecessor by a russian controlled company, raised eyebrows. when he took that job, i mean, there was considerable, i think, surprise in the united states because and in other countries, because it really was very unseemly for a chancellor who had negotiated the deal. then when he's defeated in an election to immediately take a job and profit very handsomely from from it. so i think that, but it certainly, uh, it was received very negatively in the united states. and, you know, a lot of suspicion about the sentiment in germany. but similar is

not really sure. of course it was something i would have preferred to get resolved differently. the, the more political situation is, the more conflicts arise. and i didn't want that on the warranty. i mean, i don't think it's right to have a leadership role with gas problem then when it's does the majors chairman of the board? yeah, absolutely. that in germany zone. interesting. yeah. hodge stood, has taken over the supervision of a project that's in our own interest in terms of energy towards lenses shooter to now become a gas comm lobbyist. on his own. his nomination was approved. i was like to see him . it should be someone who can represent to european economic interest as well, but also has a rational approach towards the majority shareholder. you have the time sure to embody both those elements for the comments in the even the new chancellor,

who in public was cooler towards putting did not distance herself from shooters new job to allow me. i think angela macro actively supported and endorsed. and i don't remember america ever speaking out against it now quite the opposite. as far as i remember, she frequently made use of the channels that went through care. i'd sure to a whole piece to move. i think it also provides a sense of, you know, these important people are important in country. so it must be something important that they are doing on behalf of russia. so it does work to both neutralize any concerns that citizens would have. and it also seems that they are collecting this very prestigious crowd to do their business. so again, it is not just mr. scott or who has fallen trap and to this, although he's become such a poster child for exactly what this looks like for that city. there was no opposition from germany's conservatives on this issue,

and that is why not because the entire german economy and especially the energy industry, wanted to see what i'm looking at. so there were many supporters, not just schroeder, social democrats, about feeling, which couldn't be because i can't recall any significant voice. recently, he's saying it was a bad idea. that's good news. indeed, in the future, at least in ukraine. what clearly realize that loss one from the various thoughts was a project aimed at allow when you're russians to play hardball. again, this is what was your odd and you crane one of your ups most important concepts and put his mind. these pipelines were not something that ukraine had built. there was something that the soviet union had built into trove, russia crazy that ukraine control these pipelines, which was the way that it's gas move to the west. russia tried at one point to take control of the guns transit system going through kind of the ukraine, resisted it,

and when that fell apart, they, they a, so if you decided that the only solution to this situation was to go round to crane, i mean, it was a very clear concerted strategy, rational from russia's point of view, to build pipelines that reduced its dependence and ultimately eliminate its dependents on ukraine. which russia really regarded, at least putting people around who did not regard as a legitimate state the gas pipelines run either through poland or ukraine. a huge network is evolved since 1970. the gas pipeline is not just one pipeline. to give the, they have the capacity to transport more gas than rochelle producers for the european markets. the new pipeline appears to have been designed to take you, crane and poland out of the picture as transit countries, while still guaranteeing germany's gas supply. the whole purpose of north stream

was to be able to pressure rise. essentially miss new york. there isn't a single ukrainian who is not a russian ally who thinks that nordstrom does anything other than a catastrophic and very suddenly veiled attempt to buy capt bypass to create 2 weeks after construction began on ord stream. and that's doable. may have thought this conflict from the very beginning, their policy has always been to illicitly divert gas, or to put it more simply to steal it from european consumers that are what you want to get a physical record. here by limit gas supplies to ukraine. the flow of gas to ukraine and europe stop. the 2006 conflict was very, very important. as a stopped the consequence of a relatively schultz katzoff of russian gas were much greater than any one expect. we never saw what this could happen. look,

it's not an emergency you meeting was convenient. we shall discuss what has happened during those 24 hours that happened for the 1st time in over 40 years of constant into reliable, fresh, and gas supply. by turning off the gas, putin was continuing a soviet tradition in 1991, even former soviet president is held. corbett chaffed hilde as a reformer, had used gas as a weapon against states moving to leave the soviet union. the market advertising, the former soviet ambassador to germany violent jean filing develop the funding doctrine of on name 7 instruments. russia could use to enforce its foreign policy in the future. and the most important instrument was the expectation of energy dependency. so they get pulled at the shopping cart in the early 1990 is when there was a whole issue of how to divide the blacks the fleet located in premier. you had this very heated discussions about the what is going to happen with this fleet

house is going to be defined as russia threatened ukraine with a gas boycott is if this camp is put in place, then we'll certainly be forced to curtail power generation. you have this perfect situation for that kind of pressure to be accepted there. they certainly were using energy as a weapon, then different parts of the ukraine's natural gas. that's beside the russia where cancelled in exchange for different percentages of that blacks the fleet, even the russian mission accomplished. and so come 2006 publication by a swedish colleague larson looks back at the 19 ninety's saying in more than 50 cases, russia had exploded these exact kinds of energy dependencies with, for foreign policy purposes. effectively, politically black veiling other states talk this political press talk. that's what

menu deos haven't been missed. they simply do not want to accept harsh reality that's facing you wait for us here often, but the thing you're being union ends,

the rest of the shift shift your guides to life and the digital flow of the latest online trend. navigate your way through the digital jungle. global perspective

will be you'll guide and show you what's possible the really message to you in 15 minutes on the w. 9, an offer box. here's someone. ready may change your mind, yahoo, you'll sit portland toner toner, and break dancing on each climb to the top. the coolest opera store in the world. 0930 minutes on d, w. bring a most of the following. exploring jamaica's fire of community from collecting additional times in the rain for us to the aspirations and traditions of every day. not unique inside roster. gracie and to make

his traditional here in 75 minutes on d. w. the you can draw the line between the space is because i don't believe that space is, is i'm all really relevant criteria and any more than i believe that rice or sex is on frontier. and. 2 2 should. 2 2 we humans are closer to a chimpanzee. sanitation, pansy is even to a dog, a donkey or series about our complex relationship with animals. watch now on youtube. d. w documentary. the only way i can be on the top is to create my own empire, discover stories to just

to click away the during the destination, right. based document trees. subscribe now. ok, name, treat started. we started to understand clearly and watch it needs to do for us. ukraine was assembled or moving towards europe or not. the 20 said he still is afraid. democracy protest in ukraine as a country response to your price to ship to west have recognized the danger and the terms of being photos on the sides with us. we really understand that so easily for you. uh, we will lose our concepts,

euro my done jobs february 17th on dw, the . this is dw news line from berlin. the us launch is air strikes on targets in syria and iraq. the raids on a pro ron militia come in response to the killing of 3 us soldiers. a new drone attack on a base in jordan last week, also coming up israel's military for parents to move it to gauze, offensive further south toward rough as a mazda is leadership ways, the terms of a propos, 6 weeks,

he's fine. the