oh yes, a little surprised. hi, i'm shopping and i'm ready to dive into the hands of human to do you have you have a one dodge to delete it from port on it's going to expire on the on expected side to side? no, it's not the, they are the last of their kind, not seen on 5 to 2 female northern white fry knows when they die, their species will die with something. but might modern reproductive medicines save them from extinction? an international team of scientists believe that all this and more on this edition dw science show. welcome to tomorrow. today we awaited this for a long time. all the work we put in now has it has

a real sense and can make a difference in for the species. so then the hertz is part of an international team that's trying to rescue with a northern wide rhino. and for that they needed to take a detour of a close relative, the southern white rhino. and that's now raising high hopes we achieved the 1st successful emerald transfer in the rental for us ever. and that's quite the. yeah, in all the big steps for us to the right. no baby unfortunately won't be born, but we'll get to that. so this pair of northern white rhino cows are the only 2 left on the planet, and they're protected around the clock. i'm like the southern relatives, northern wide ryan, those ones roamed parts of central africa to poaching and civil war. have had a devastating impact, and now the species is extinct and the wild. and that's less than equal logic hook up. then otherwise, ramos is a keystone species in central africa or was until they've got eliminated from its

natural habitats. it keeps open spaces of short grass, but other species can feed on they some species are struggled with longer growth. and also by creating these uh, short grass areas or zones, they contribute to having fire protections. eco systems are extremely complex and i think only when animals cross species disappear from them, we understand how into links everything was only a handful of northern way dry nose have ever survived captivity for it and is in the czech republic to help these 2 vinyl couplets breed then i brought it to kenya and 2009 with a good grace on the native grasses in their native climate. but those hopes were dashed, no rhino babies, rebel, and both bulls died, leaving behind the 2 females as the last chance for the species. how could they work? part of the answer lies frozen. these containers at the lipids institute for zoo and wildlife research in berlin. together was sales for more than $300.00 other

species here we also store um, siemens samples of northern red, ryans, and members of november trials. we split them between italy and germany to have a backup in case some catastrophic event happens. at least one bank safe. 30 northern wide, reino embryos, cardinal, slandering, and the cold scientists had harvested seamen from separately, right, no boots before they died. every few weeks, the scientists harvest excels from one of the 2 females rhinos the cx, our events loan directly to the lab, and italy where the sperm and the egg meet, end develop into an embryo that's frozen for the future. this entire process is also being carried out with one of the close relatives, the southern white, right, know that population is quite a bit larger. so they're

a good test case. for the rhino embryo transfer, the entire process had to be reconfigured for rhinos to the point of even inventing new tools. right, and those are so large, there's going to so sick that the only way to reach the uterus it turns out is through the rectum. we have to go one into half me through inside of the animal and bring a needle, next puncher, the wall of the rectum into the uterus. and then deposit our ambros inside of the uterus. as far as i know, no, no other amber transfer has ever been done. this way. it's a long journey until an embryo reaches a rhino uterus. in the most recent transfer, the southern wide right new excels came from belgium, and the spring from austria, virtualization took place in italy. the embryo was frozen and sent to kenya to be implanted into the surrogates mother, correct. unfortunately,

cora fell ill and died during the pregnancy. but for the 1st time ever, it transferred reino embryo had grown into a fetus. so when, when we saw the fetus, it was really it perfect little creature. it looks already like a rhino. you can see the base of the hall and you can see the rips count the rips through the skin. you could clearly see it's a male subpoenas. the at this stage actually 99 percent of the pregnancy is continue to last breath. so a call attempt to do is pause to grow for the inside of the lump of this moment unless she died, which unfortunately happened. but the scientists had shown that the idea was viable to move felt forward, especially to save the and all the right right. now, this is the crucial prerequisites that we can really with the ambrose. recreate that, we can go to the next step and create new life from them. there's another problem.

so the semen and excels come from only 3 northern wide right? knows. that's why scientists and germany and japan. i experimenting with themselves to bring more variety into the gene pool. the methods we develop are extremely important for the future of many species. i think for example, also there's so much in rhino that we have been called now to work with. and we're already starting to apply our technologies to this species as well. the plan codes for transferring the 1st northern wide dry new embryo in summer 2024. if all goes well about 16 months later, a baby will take its place alongside the 2 northern wide rhino cows because to grow up as a prep, a north and why dry? no. the baby needs to be part of a rhino class. these days,

most rhinos live in fenced in nature reserves, where they're protected from poachers, who are mainly interested in the rhinos. horns and traditional chinese medicine, powdered rhino horn, is a sought after ingredient. in reality though, the horns are made of carrots and the very same substance that makes up human hair . but what about the horns of other animals? that's the topic of this week's viewer questionnaire, which comes from sophia are in columbia. the why do the horns of large herbivores come in so many shapes and sizes? first of all, not every animal with fancy head gear has horns. dear and their relatives have antlers, which are made entirely of dead bone there shut every year, and then re grove horns by contrast throughout an animal's life.

the rhino family has one kind of or made own the super hard carrots to go. big family has a different kind of horn, which includes goats sheets, and antelope, and their horn share common features. the color is made of living bone interlaced with blood vessels, all covered with a tough coating of keratin. it's the same substance that makes up our own hair and finger nails. the shape of the horn is believed to play a role in the regulation of body temperature, especially in the heat sensitive brain. as scientists have documented on and for red thermo images. the top of the head on cows with horns stays cooler than in cattle whose horns were removed. in more temperate regions, capital horns tend to be shorter and lightly curved and covered with a thick layer of carrots and in the tropics. no kettle tend to have

big, sweeping horns. their large surface area can dissipate excess bodies without water loss. the same holds for the upright horns, commented gazelles, and many other antelope. their horns are covered by a fin, carrot and cheese, and have a cooling network of blood vessels to extend to the very tips. it's not a patient that isn't well suited to the cold, but they're kept in series. in cooler climates, antelope from africa can even get frostbite on the tips of their horns. why do you have a science question? send it to us in a video text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. so come on. just ask these

ibex may be native to the helps, but surprisingly enough, they enjoyed basking and warmer temperatures. during a mild winter more as you all know, i back survive and alpine ibex. don't need all that much surface water either. so from their point of view, the impact of climate change and this without isn't necessarily a bad thing. it's 4 30 in the morning here and this without the game keeper was. dish now is hiking to the rock face of the augustine mountain the chemo. it's always a special encounter, and it's like a glimpse of another world. when you get close to these animals, the a specialist i thought that's also what makes the alpine ibex so fascinating was.

dish now has been observing the wild ibex, a species of wild coat here for nearly 30 years. now those are all mature bucks. they live in separate grooves outside of an amazing seas and of course we do something to prove that they all of alpine ibex are adapted to the extreme conditions here and can go long periods without water. although that ibex don't really need to drink. otherwise they die of thirst and the outstanding region where there's hardly any surface water that's off because of the water they get from plants and from the morning do is all they need from the law. so those i'll take a short time later he encounters a group of about 30 in juvenile and but your box the previous winter here was mild . that's good for the ibex, which live above the tree line. shy, that's perfectly evident. deal for they me they all fine ibex benefit from that. so

just really the winters are one of the most crucial, mostly difficult times of the year for them. see i'm a half here all winter, even in january, february, and march. when it's minus 20 or 30 degrees celsius of ice and be in the wind blast over the mountain tops with a 100 kilometers an hour. so conditions are harsh, milder the winter, and the lower their death rate. so the animals benefit that they are all good. the only backs are especially interested in the dog luna, to get a better estimate of the size of the population. the gain keeper also looks for the dough with their kids. they're harder to find because they tend to seek the safety of rugged and accessible terrain. there's a 0 down there, a middle age go to look. there's some more you know small they are. there's no they're not all that old yet. there's

a 3rd one and a force field. that's great. that's really lovely. the presence of young ibex is also a good sign, a lindsey mailing investment. a herd has a lot of yearly subs assigned that last year's kid survived the winter and on nothing after the mild winter, many of the kids survive level a for them. it's always great when you see the go with their younger you see machine especially up close like this yet. and of the nice the style. that doesn't happen every day. there's all the big la. on his way back down. there is a surprise in store. this punk is 15 years old, which makes i'm the oldest ibex and the time region. we think they called in the holly as part of our herds management. we also hunt the animals to maintain a certain colony size based on that the city when the winter death rate, as low more young animals survive. so we raised our kill, quote,

a bad that lets us maintain the population at the size that we want need will help paul to the 100 insures that the population doesn't grow too large. the herds have enough food and don't need to compete with shami for resources. here on the remote and rugged mountain top, the alpine ibex or thriving mad about fines. technology. that's like dw signs is now i'm take time. what's to be fun? why do gravitational ways? when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out? the drums boogie to the beads. and what's the perfect kid football find? find the on says, gets most c w science. oh, new tick, tock channel. the rules were once the most widely spread predator in the

world, the skilful hunters ranged over much of the northern hemisphere. then humans hunted them nearly to extinction. in the 1990s, balls were granted protective status across europe, and their numbers have been rising steadily. ever since researchers have been documenting their return today about $180.00 volts tax boom across germany. much to the dismay of many farmers and shepherds. last year was killed molten $4000.00 farm animals and gemini, to be as tins flocks of being attacked twice already. wolves killed 70 of his sheep and a few goats and several more sheep had to be snorted afterwards, due to injuries. tim likes, wolves, but he says enough is enough. it's been of inside for me definitely and favorite cooling problem. animal meaning moves that have managed to get past or safety fence

several times to move in. these electric fences were no match for the woods for the shepherds, the presence of wolf packs, and that his phone is no longer an option. this one will stay where you ride a kid from this region, a 150 years ago, volumes because of exactly this problem. beautiful. it didn't work or work the way they imagined it. working in a heavily populated region like north ryan was fairly young. the and here to were you introducing goals is a very, very difficult to help and even say it's impossible in many areas of garnishment. ok here in gemini, several different states agencies and hundreds of x, but some monitoring the rules, foresters and volunteer experts, and the samples of will firing down to the sinking back institute near frank fence . every sample is analyzed. kathleen, the goal is to establish a genetic data base of every will fin gemini maintained here at the institute. yeah, i mean those hundreds of i know here in germany we have almost 3700 separate wolf profiles with the boys. they're all stored in our electronic database and we send

it. and the information also includes which wolves are related to each other, what it would pack they belong to doc, a one. so when the sample was taken and so forth. and i'm going to use this just every time we get a new genetic profile in our database law that both gets its own. i d, the boys i g, w for genetic, the whole number, you know, math. so we maintain a consecutive list of, of those numbers for this and then combined 4th law for the new model. when a foam animal is mold asylum, police taken from the wound and compared to the data base. when there's a genetic match. and it's clear that the livestock was killed by a wolf, the farmer couldn't receive compensation from the states. and if the same wolf is determines to have carried out several different attacks, the former can apply to have to move cold, even though it's a strictly protected species. this kind of upset can take a long time, sometimes even years and it's been by then we'll pack might already have that. so

we knew cods, so it doesn't really work. and yet so nice. the regulations for protecting hubs of sheep and goats. a very strict and complex, too complex. some critics say, a biologist and also hunts the tip fun and steal the says the bad on killing moves shouldn't be absolute rules, so no longer at risk of extinction. and he says that even if the rules and loosened the species went beyond districts with adults are boys, are hoops here in germany, are part of the whole population that spans much of europe for probably northern your asia as well just to fund they've never been at risk of extinction yet in the past or no, not in the field. so there's no sensible reason to ban hunting wolves important invoice disagree. i think we have to be all but frank fast believes will still need to be strictly protected and they posed little danger to humans in all of europe. i mean 9 people have died, since wolves returned most of them from rabies. then rule about when you're looking

at the past 70 years in this very large geographical area, meaning all of europe, it's safe to say that the statistical probability of a wolf attacking the human and for any reason on all is very low. it says, because there are a number of series, why that is the case or the c. and one is that what was might regard us humans as a kind of credit target as far as, as a whole, something best left alone. some of these in who list. so when it comes to rules, conservationists and pharmacist them to away see i to i here in germany and elsewhere in the wild. dogs are closely related to wolves for more than 15000 years now. they've been our faithful friends and they have a very special skills, an amazing sense of smell. that's why, especially trained dogs help search for survivors when disaster. yes. but those missions are dangerous for the dogs to settle. good. high tech, a i robot one day replace our k 9 friends. when it comes to search and rescue

operations, which knows those best. milo says no. he's being trained as a rescue dog to identify since follow their trail and report to find the sense samples include human flood and burial shrouds. the team hides the samples and now it's my lowest turn. a still has plenty to learn about how to carry out search and rescue operations. for the man said, i tied up in the r valley. the flood water rushed through and left the mountains of rubble and its weight bag. and the chance of finding survivors wasn't all that high unfortunately. oh, so that's when our dogs would come in. that's come. but dogs have to be highly skilled to work in a crisis zone. milo isn't quite there yet. rough terrain, steep hills, and distracting odors all make searching for traces of evidence near the water, especially challenging under

water searches are also difficult. dining robots and underwater drones take a long time to completely search an area. trained dogs can narrow down where to search. team leader yano scotch is preparing a lower. the pipe is filled with burial shrouds and heavy rocks. the training session will take place that the link and the black forest. now the lower will be submerged. when we're planting a note or for the dogs to find later on, it's nice and deep. below us here who owns a trained dog can detect a sense of to 20 meters under water. even some are jones doesn't know exactly where the lower is, is with the handle or shouldn't know where the lower is. because if they show even the slightest sign or expectation, the dog notices right away for often when do but take sugar. now it's time to

hop on board. milo is only allowed to bar when the boat is directly above the odor particles. but this isn't the right spot. there is nothing here. my low as anxious and over eager. a guardian and we haven't been out on a boat often so he doesn't have to signal down yet. random barking won't pass muster. milo needs to be more precise. he failed this training exercise, but he'll be given another chance. robots, on the other hand, don't get stressed or anxious once they've been programmed, what they do is they've been told the european japanese cursor project has designed robots to search for certain libraries in a disaster zone. they are older sensors can locate people trapped under the rubble of a collapse building. for example. could robots like this replace search and rescue

dogs? pianos, yeah. doesn't think so. he and his dog venga were also called to the r valley in western germany after the catastrophic floods there a few years ago. the robot is, and as i look, you have to pick it up and bring it to the right place. it needs a technical equipment, batteries and things like that in the home of the oro valley flood is a good example. a search there would have taken much, much longer with a robotic than a dog wound up real quick. so the dog can detect his son from quite a distance ultimately, and then go to the right place and pinpoint where it's coming from quite quick lane, the highest, also 5 in the say it was on this a sense because a highly trained dogs, nose is still superior to a mechanical one, dogs have up to 300000000 olfactory receptors and can smell human sweat, hormones, blood, and even people's breath, an incredibly tiny amount. mylo isn't quite there yet. right now he's learning how

to beat, hoisted up with a rope and keep his cool. he also has to get used to noisy helicopters and flying to a disaster science. the lesson plan includes every possible scenario he might encounter on the job. now it's time for his 2nd try at the lake. the search mission underwater is one of the toughest jobs of rescue can face it. essentially, now i have to keep a sharp eye on any changes in his behavior. some are a jones, his job is to interpret my low signals. she's convinced he has what it takes up. so now he's signaling straight ahead and we're right over the spot where the odor with the older lawyer is indicating the correct spot. vega or that type, fitness boot about bingo. my little barks to report the center of the site. that was good, right? you stick your nose all the way down close to the water. good job. the milo has

shown you have what it takes. yeah, the my, the other thoughts, my low did a great job today, i believe was a lot calmer before he got on the boat and on the boat to boat off and we're going to be, he's made some real progress and forth with so. so let's infinity, the patient's training at a strong bond between dog and handler. make all the difference h my comes in and i really like his loyalty is very focused on me. that's nice because it makes the job easier and it helps them and are bond. that'd be 2nd stand . i love his lively personality intact. second story. so when it comes to search and rescue missions, a dog and a human handler are still an unbeatable team. dogs are fast, precise resorts full and tenacious, and don't need electricity for internet access. robots are also getting more and more sophisticated, but there's still a long way to go before a robot knows consult smith. ok, 91. that's all for now. thanks

for watching tomorrow today. and to join us again next week for another edition of dw science show. you that the

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is the state of the news line from berlin, the leaders of germany and the west portion for more 18 ukraine. chancellor. what else shots meets with presidential buying and washington to urge us lawmakers to prove more military and for keep the us presidents as not doing so would be criminal. also in the program. year of the dragon has arrived as china and other countries mark the start of the lunar new year. we'll look at how people in hong kong for a so brady, one of the most important holidays in the calendar. the

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