the why is the ice melting? the design it reset in the ice, the plastic on march dw, in 94 years of the academy awards. they've been hundreds of oscar winners. but 10 actually changed movie history. the american, the 1930s was sharply divided along racial lines. even in the mixed movie theaters, black people had to sit in the balcony. in the cheap seats. against this backdrop,

hollywood made gone with the wind, one of the most successful and controversial films of all time the oscars a year later, for a sensation, the floating room during 1939. at the 1940 academy, having to change between the 1st african american to and and also it was hailed as a trying racist. i sincerely hope i shall always be a credit to my race and to the motion picture industry. my heart is too full details just high for you and may i say thank you. but even the ceremony was racially segregated. how do you, mcdaniel who plays mammy in the film one the best supporting actress award. but at the ceremony itself, she was not seated in the front of the room. she was seated in the back of the room,

black audiences then, and now criticized daniel for her portrayal of mammy. which many said was a crude stereotype. i put a smiling face on the white supremacy. just found out the highest. oh yeah, there's an all is tell a lady by the way to g in front of folks, michael bird, and i name for you to go to mr. don robinson. i need, i don't joanna novel at all to the ago. it has um, as the her row it characters essentially a civil war soldiers from the south from the confederacy and it defends a certain way of life. and miss knowledge isaac said, after going with the wind, mcdaniel was stereotyped herself. she played versions of mammy in dozens of other film. she was later criticized in the black community for regularly accepting roles as domestic servants, and other kinds of you know,

not fully articulated characters. mcdaniel struck back in her critics saying, i'd rather play, i mean then be. c to remain a pioneer, she was the 1st black woman to sing on radio in the united states, and the 1st black coast of a national radio show. and as the 1st black oscar winter, she paved the way for a new generation of black performers in holding 2 years after hattie mcdaniels historic. when another pioneer made a masterpiece that would change the language of americans. with orson wells made citizen kane. he was just 25 and had already revolutionized to our wells, had wild broadway with an old black adaptation of shakespeare's macbeth. and his radio version of h d. wells war the world was so realistic. it caused real world panic in the streets

. for his hollywood debut, wells picked an epic pail of the rise and fall of newspaper magnate, charles foster kane. this one movie was enough to earn wells a place instead of my history and a place of honor at the academy awards museum in los angeles. with well singular, artistic vision, citizen kane, change the sound, look, and feel of some was arrived in hollywood. he demanded complete creative control. he would be in charge of everything even cast himself in the starring role, playing pain from 20 year old upstart to 80 something paranoid re clips. to use the writer, he's the star, he's the director. he's the producer. um, you know they, they the perfect puppet master, if you well, wells learned everything about moving, making well making citizen king you borrowed heavily from german. expressionist

sent him using dark shadows and forced perspective to comment on his characters and pioneered the use of the focus, where figures folks close up and in the distance of a shot and be saved clearly. hello janet, that it's a compilation of a lot of really specific and fascinating techniques that come together in one film for the very, very 1st time. so in this way it's, it's kind of like a master class in synthesis of all of the highlights of, you know, the greatest of the, the panel, chrome 19 forties films and the greatest of the german expressionist cinema. coming together in the hands of this creative genius. but more than the style, the film wells as model for directors that came after him broke new ground. he wasn't shots of the film is i think that was the main achievement. we had

someone who was not a studio boss who's, who was in total control from production, but sometimes a creative creative will offer some kind of creative kind of for ortho, with the stomach and, and the presence of, of all as well as i think in hindsight, it's much more of that effect on the a special aesthetics of the field. well spent the rest of his career trying and failing to gain that complete for you? well, well struggle to fulfill his creative vision another filmmaker wrote a love story that broke the hollywood blacklist the oscar for this romantic plastic actually help. and america's red skin. red scale was of course the fear of communism in the usa. um,

although it was a very tiny fraction of people when the communistic party of mary call, even fellow travelers were never had never the position to gain any momentum and political relevance. in the 1950s, at the height of the cold war, hollywood came under attack towards the legend communist, leaning right wing senator joseph mccarthy started claiming the hollywood was full of the communist sympathizers. she started looking for communists and the film industry was a very easy place to find them because they were writing films. and they were writing stories that could be construed as potentially propagandistic or in favor of communism. one target where a group of writers and directors known as the hollywood tent, who refused to testify. the most famous of them with star screenwriter don't trump because they refused to answer the questions of the committee. and they refused to

name names of other people that they knew of who had potentially been in some kind of communist meetings. but they were blacklisted. there were protests, but the hollywood 10 got jail time. their studios fired. 10 of the more than $300.00 actors, writers and directors, on the hollywood blacklist. dalton trumbull continued to write in secret or giving other writers credit for his screenplays. for the screen play of roman holiday. the name of the credits was ian mckellen hunter. trumbull references this deception in a classic scene from the fil. a most of truth bytes. the hands of lightens, the 1954 from both screenplay won the oscar. it was the 1st blow against the hollywood, blacklist. 6 years later,

trumbull wrote the script for spartacus. under his own name, this broke the down. this allowed a lot of other previously blacklisted performers in writers to come back. but not everybody. many of them had very tragic ends. many of them never worked again. the, the real and of hollywood. censorship would come later. thanks in part to an x rated film, the one the oscar for best picture the seems like this were why midnight cowboy was so controversial. john folk as hustler, joe buck, giving oral sex from a man. and a point. for decades, hollywood had kept sex of all kinds out of the movies. thanks to the haze code self censorship system requiring all films to fulfill certain moral obligations. if you would take it seriously nowadays, no fear of what ever he sought. for instance,

you, you shouldn't swear or you shouldn't show that's. that's clear. so no one unity at all. almost actuality was strictly forbid coming under the band category of wrong doing evil or sense. essentially, after the hays code came into effect, there really wasn't any depiction of homosexuality. they got to have some time in the cowboy who was one of the 1st movies made after the hayes code was abandoned in 1968. the film doesn't make it home sexuality explicit, but many read the relationship between joe buck and his pin for rizzo. as queer i know enough to know that i have great big cardboard. crap, i don't a bill, but nobody's accept or reject. be on 42nd street. that's fine. good stuff. you want to call by its name that's for paper bags. john wayne, you want to tell me, is a fag. a month after the film opened, there was a stone wall riot which kick started the gay liberation.

the not everyone got the memo. midnight cowboy lost the best actor, raised to public home of old john wayne. the next oscar winner didn't just shake up all the we conventions. he blew them away. the the 1995 oscars was the showdown between 2 iconic american movies. both have mobile, last one was a $60000000.00 feel good studio movie about the american dream. my mom always said life with black box of chocolates. you never know what you're going to get. oh, he is to the other a violent in the film made for less than $10000000.00. and i will strike down upon

thee with great vengeance and furious anger, those who attempt to poison and destroy my brothers. and you will know mine day. oh, yeah, i lay my vengeance upon the the, the 1st is a very american movie that goes in like the themes, the way that it looks like it's very traditional, think a few of the so the impulse fiction is, is uh, just like brash and crazy and just turn key nose mind help section got 7 oscar nomination. forrest gump got 13 on the big night. the 1st oscar with the pulp fiction. i think this probably the only award. i'm going to wind here tonight, so i was trying to think maybe i should just say a whole lot of stuff right here. right now. just get it all in my system. but i think the oscar go the rest of the night belong to forrest gump forrest. forrest

gump yes, but it was post fiction not for is gone, which inspires the generation. the filmmakers in america and around the world directors copies parenting those combination of slick dialogue and violent action pop culture references and a mash up approach to story. i definitely think that position has been really influential not just in terms of like directorial style or anesthetics but. busy so, and storytelling and attention to detail and, and that this kind of like um throwing whatever at the audience and not necessarily having to create a linear narrative that happens in 3 at our next winner broke a shameful eating here. oscar tradition, the

2010 oscars was david versus goliath, the champion avatar. the highest grossing film of all time. the challenger, the hurt locker, a low budget. we're moving. it was a showdown between her locker director catherine bigelow. and our ex husband added our director, james cameron. plus there was this big gender again. in 80 years, the oscars had nominated 400 filmmakers as best director. only 3 had been women and none had ever want the. you'd have people like jane campion nominated for the piano . you have lena work molar, you know, nominated very late in her career back in 1975. so the a couple are nominated. you know, the fact that i can say them all in about 10 seconds is not good enough. but the big lose take on the very masculine jaundra of the war film struck a course with the academy. the heart locker is a nail biting action thriller that is also anti war and anti cons.

it $16.00 oscars, including best director for katherine bigler. it was really quite radical that she won at the time and for a war picture and for a very small war picture that really had a very, you know, limited box office success. i sort of loved that she won while beating her ex husband james cameron's. i felt that was sort of delicious. after big a lot of chloe, joe, one best director in 2021. jane campion in 2022. in the space of just i think um you know, a little more than a decade looking at 3 women directors winning best director after none have has one before that that's huge. but let's not get too excited. a recent study found women directed just 9 percent of the top grossing films of 2022. there was an even bigger oscar surprise, a few years later with an on stage drama that made history the

vehicle to me. award for best picture lala. there's a mistake, a blue light, you guys, one best picture. i was in the early times news room and it was, it was shocking. it was really, it was horrifying. it was truly the stopped the presence moment of the academy awards from the past several years. the mix up was high 1st but took away from the big story of the night. what's your numerator? the 1st black l g b t t plus film to with an awesome night. thank you so much. that was really incredibly exciting for me. you know, i like because it was a song that i watched, and i talked about with my friends and my peers and that it was, it, it was a film that everyone that i knew, you know,

to michael who it was like really excited about 2 years before moonlight activist, april rain started at the oscars. so white campaign protesting how ethnic minorities were being shut out of the academy awards. for the 2015 oscars every single actor nominated was white. that is not good enough. you know, if, if you're saying that the best 20 performers of the year are all white, maybe you're not looking at the spread of films you should be looking at. you trying to do smile in the moonlight was everything oscar? so wife have been calling for a fully realized black l g b t q plus story that brought marginalized voices to the main street. the i think one of the things that is really important bhaskar. so why? and i think one thing that it did to help move light is that i think sometimes

articulating the problem, makes it harder to ignore. in 2017 or record breaking 5 black filmmakers. one oscars, and under pressure from rain and black directors, the oscar academy has added hundreds of new non white members. hash tag oscars. not quite. so while the 2 years after moonlight, the oscar has stopped being lennox, and learned to love street the, the oscar is used to hate that st. since the start of netflix, oscar photos have been trying to keep streaming films out of the academy awards. the 1st netflix original film be sub no nation was a critical hit but got dumped by the academy with no nominations. the reason is month found another critical save got for oscar nominations,

but one not the a large part of that resistance had to do with just like skepticism was like what netflix could create, you know, could it could be prestigious, is it up to the standard of excellence and i also think it is borrows a bit from just like a general anxiety between for just like between like traditional institutions on the internet. you know, defense that anything that originate online is of less or quality than anything that came from like the like the traditional forms of a cultural production. then came roman. everything about our phones. acquire owns netflix, moving the black and white cinematography, the long tracking shots. the wide screen images screen, send them even netflix haters loved the vios. got going to do

on the big nice romo. 13 oscars, including best director or alfonso club room. just 4 years later, apple tvs coda, another online 1st movie, one best picture. the oscars had learned to lot stream what roma did for streaming our next oscar winner did for african cultures in holding the, the i so no, but do, do, do you really did see all the black paint before black panther african cultures were almost invisible at the oscars, and the after goes to black panther, right. by the time costume designer,

ruth carter, one her oscar, she'd spend a lifetime celebrating african her good. the my whole entire life had been a journey in recreating hit black history in, in presenting the culture of black americans of the african diaspora. and black panther specifically was a combination of everything that i had done my entire career. and carter worked with director spike lea taking inspiration from black styles past and present to design costumes for films like malcolm x and do the right thing. um, well i came from a family that was always very much in to, you know, black nationalism and really kind of knowing a bit about your, your heritage. and, but it was a very big, broad,

general knowledge. so what black cancer allow me to do was really take a deeper dive into the, the, him to try the torres. what was north africa? well, the south africa, you know, and we actually were inspired by them to create these tissues of groups and what caused the black panther wasn't fused with real african traditions. queen ramon does crown was modeled on a zulu headdress, the red armor and spears of the messiah tribes inspired the cautions for female warriors the door. i'm a logic princess series and stack neck rings come from the ceremonial jewelry of the tribe of south africa. black panther also drew from arab futurism and art movement that imagines what african cultures could become. it freed from the history of colonialism. i think when black panther came out, there was a real sensibility already of um like

a pan african dias for it kind of popularity like there was already that was already in the pop culture like i was already being celebrated and a lot of ways black panther became one of the most successful movies of all time. when i started late eighty's early ninety's, i felt like, you know, they weren't giving budgets to black films because they didn't feel that they were making the box office. so i think this proved that whole concept brian, we've been approved in hollywood wrong, you know so much since black panther, our final oscar winter approved hollywood wrong about the oldest tradition at the academy of the there been best picture winners, set in morocco, sat in rome, and even set in china. but for 91 years,

every single one was an english filmmakers who changed the language. a system like physical funding, a key the kuta software. the mar bergman or yes, a google or she never one oscars, top product. their native language was too big, i heard it took a korean film to make the oscars truly goble of bomb june holmes. parasite and the oscar goes to paris really language to to when the best picture it was a shock to me and i think it's a brilliant shop. the in parasite bomb june home took a very korean story about 2 families, one for one rich. and they're mutually parasitic relationship and told up with the

stylus, the applause of acquitting parents, you know, or an alfred hitchcock to beat hollywood at its own game. the mean, this film made more than 53000000 up the us box office more than 263000000 worldwide. what a success story and i hope i hope it keeps people's minds open to. what is the oscar? what is the best picture of the year? it's not necessarily who the studios are telling you. with parasites, the oscars finally opened up the whole wide world of center. * it just made me so happy. i mean, it was the 1st time and what 92 years? i think it was that a non english language film had one. it's been this long past parasite was the one that made it happen. i think we should see the parasite when not as something weird, one off, not as an outlier, but as you know, a potential like a beacon,

a harbinger of what could still happen. 94 years into the academy awards. and the oscars are just starting to tap their global potential, the, the, the

one farmer's title against the german energy joining an r w d souls. peruvian homeland is being threatened by climate change and police are melting, is making it worse. so lawsuit against r, w e, one of the world's biggest c o. 2 emitters symbolizes his fight against all climate defenders. and winning could change the world close out. in 15 minutes on the w h by the ancestors,

the people are celebrating the return of the belief from sculptures stolen during the colonial period by returning the vital piece of their history. ann coulter also comes home. but when you say that it's not enough in 19 minutes on these w, the people in trucks inject, when trying to see the city center and of the, the, the straight screen, [000:00:00;00]

the around the world, more than 130000000 people us we all mine because no one should have to make up your own mind dw, may feel mine's. the world in progress of pop calls to everyone who wants to know more about the topics that concern us about the stories the on the headline was back inside in depth interviews and see the world in the program at c w,

the . this is the www. is leih from that hungry approves weight and spit to join nato after 2 years. tonight, lawmakers vote overwhelmingly to support the decisions after overcoming opposition from the prime minister. also on the program. jeremy rules on sending taurus cruise missiles to ukraine, johns lachelle says delivering the weapons that key of requested you would risk pulling germany into the war. and you're paying farm has been pots of brussels to

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