of the and touch down next up dw is documentary about the world of aero clinton. i'm in the so thanks for watching dw, stay with us, the ice cold b. jessica new an expedition ventures on to places that no one has the climate research in the ice, the dos much on the we live in a well surrounded by

a class of gases and want to make up the onsite must be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space, and these lands on teeming with life insects, seats upon, and bacteria floats in the atmosphere. similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currants, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow planks of several decades. arrow biology just focused on these organisms, the, it's a branch of biology that's long been under appreciated. right. biology is starting to move months of life in the atmosphere, whether the time the organisms in a cloud, the rain drop or in the cost of a desert, wind. learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio diversity. health and the climate understanding how

they influence our lives and the global animal implant wealth is increasingly important. swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch can mysterious ecology is to be a full of discoveries just waiting to be discovered. the one that i placed on the, to the one to, to receive up here. if you have the feeling you're far away from everything that's presented to them. but that's exactly the point we want to find out at best life at this altitude and what type of music all of you either can when you have a book in there circling the subject on the wind is blowing at about 20 kilometers per hour on. so a particle travel is a remarkable tony kilometers per hour. sounds like you to minutes. let's click on see the on. yeah, i'm a to at the institute of chemistry,

oakland mall fell in central. france wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. today he's almost 10 minutes of to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. he's setting up time tom trunk, set the observatory traps on essentially vacuum cleaners. the capture dice. select the tiny apple and travelers. when p i'm a to looks into the skies. he knows that anything bought empty. the atmosphere around us is bustling with life. to skate on it unless 5th is under. so now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. okay. and so it's a mirror image of the ground festival. so none of those 5th, all very dynamic. they do that. it's moving and mix things. so mean all day of today, winds sweep over all of a surfaces staring apple types of particles,

lifeless, and living there and feasible to the naked eye, but constantly around us. these particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tents on the ground of the aerosols. brian's about forests, they can contain leaf dust, poland, moans, and bacteria, the souvenirs, some phone. imagine junky, very excited when it's windy mixed together to form a clinical footprints of this forest, the which spreads across the whole land device and the bone while some of the major cities. as the over a meadow, there might be grass clippings, small insects, and minuscule traces of sheets for over

a highway. a cloud might form of tie of particles, oil in the droplets and fine dust. high altitude winds mix the air, results, and transport them far away. the this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms in the arrow painting of sweat to long body and conference . the place data boucher and manuela paula shay work at the national research institute for agriculture, food and environment in midland. in west and fronds, they're collecting samples from based on the line structure positions in the middle of the fields. it's essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. there's a strong as though from the trap. the position in uh does not do it though,

if it by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high, then on or 40 feet to be exact because it's an english model. it was metal. in addition to a depth to maybe don't want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters about the ground them. but rather oregon is so that, that works. went into the air schools, those and travel greater didn't quite, they don't send it on there to do the picture so long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on those keyboard. let's here to know some of the items on wednesday who is very good. do the they're all even lifeline because he wrote this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. so the launch is don't in isms an arrow painted and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters depending on their size

and the wind speed, the trap socks and everything. but policies by agricultural scientists use the results to warn the farmers of clouds of a fade. so the past, the trap operates. oh yeah, around the cock. this is really a lot to it's because it's a sunny day use. pull it up. i mean, i'm m as in a say, ok, another one is hiding last guess. you know, and another a beat leaf. if it beatles and flies bugs, even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the visible aerial by swelling above us. the comes on medium uh what about just as the account myself as an allergy and small press patients in the see that the

cubic meter of air above our heads contains so many different organisms of that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spiders, i tell you it was easy to use on saying design. you took down the organisms right. the wins like flying, compet the and keeps them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. and to so find the we've known about the existence of arrow painted him to nearly 200 years,

which is naturalized charles darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the collapse of ghosts. in 1835 the spiders were entangled in the ship's rigging. many miles from shaw and in the 2nd tom for the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. the particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal tassels. as to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology, tuberculosis, and strikes meningitis around that time. scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. a new branch of science was born and wrote biology. scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that $55000.00 bacteria were found in the bustling, dilute as a by lee and parents. but any $7600.00 were found among the trees in

a box. in the swiss alps, the hotel even advertised with assigned the claimed only $25.00 bacteria. the, then there was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached and it the save divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada, collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. the samples supported the pieces that living things can survive long distance and travel at high altitudes. but in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity. the organism suspended in yeah, was somewhat so gotten the bidding p things in satellite imagery. we kindled interest in the late 20th century

. a scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. she was feel free to push the also i love the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. you see that it's carried away with the air flow executive. it's the same in the atmosphere how the mass of these particles is so small, the ones that are born, they stay there and follow the s. o is the last few of the cooling down foss, while to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. he says, roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing on dost rise from the laundries deserts every year, and circulate in the atmosphere. these gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. aero biologist spin realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone.

no, but certainly i met you on, you know, i don't know just contains not only mineral matter, but in some cases also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, meals as soon as the test is keeps out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to complete the new place this with, with the it's easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. the dead winds does up grains of sand blasting off tiny granules of clay on impact tons of johnston, micro organisms, a sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers.

will go up to west street or we can track this task over long distances. also the supers you satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over the so hard as that within several hours the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. i will say, don't, don't, i'll fast forward, there's will pre tunnel what goes set to goals mazda pursue days later. you can see these huge dustin masses reaching the atlantic ocean here. this, with a few days later, they're already over western france. it will cause they'll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a propulsion was showing us coordinated ex, weather conditions high and low pressure areas. boom and cold and current. either pull the task booms in or blow them away. they foam highways that circle the, the

kilometer. if the task cloud can cross the atlantic within a week, the, the atmosphere is a true transpose, a of like the book to do that. yeah. and that's the matter contains chemical elements. and in some instances, nutrients, the task of these desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. this increases the officer at the time, the organisms in arrow, pine tone travel incredibly long distance is that high altitudes. but how do they travel? and how do they affect the ground?

the countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the body. the immediate cas, i'm valuable, is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to climate change. he's working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere. almost with a key signed by his research is in the spanish baronies by the to see the just so you know, we to get some of them out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. we're at an altitude

of over 2000 meters, where there's little interference from local air pollution. i'm using better. so we want to capture micro organisms that spread in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so than i, you're going to do this. we gather green water in a collector for one week. the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. we collect these in a filter and bring it to the land. and i don't know one of them which, which, which, which the most part people just get the most i can hear. you can see the particle. so like, you know, what's the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and most of you to a of the, any particular sort of that because there are organic particles like bacteria. if one guy pollen was on me, but also in organic ones like clay silicates can minerals that come from far away

is almost because he's been in for a lot of them with us. what are some of those think us well here and could be just from africa, for example, the thought which was transported them yet my sphere, which has been, was washed out by the rain and the light. that's what we're capturing here. the water is probably running. there are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this go through the list. it means that the media doesn't provide these these continuous deliver is of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod threw out us history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a significant impact on ecosystems. some bacteria and help boost pond to growth by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycled data organic manta viruses and microscopic moans,

regulate animal and plant life. so let me throw and these will stick one. okay. and when these micro organisms land in, they can colonize new habitat and we, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that i'm allowing them to colonize the entire planet. they're small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is whatever and create new life in some of this already of somebody that'll be the media. cast them i yours teams started micro organisms in rain. walter, the is and with the help of weather data trace the arrow pine tons, pathways the scientists were able to show which region ocean or continent the streams of arrow pine come came from. and they discovered some remarkable patterns of the in the summer arrow plant on tends to

be local. it rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe above cities, rivers and lakes. but in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine till him come primarily from the atlantic ocean bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days. and to send over the mountains, already had left the middle resort that it was going to be un, what you better when we analyze the initial results of storm xavier and june, we noticed in trends that recur annually, this was an amazing discovery. how is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year? i see those up, but it's gonna be moving. we know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. here are some plants growing. the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time, you know, quote in and i'm with the streams of arrow painted on a, not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. the microbial mass

is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons, just like bands, flowers and bumble bee the. but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat. among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic ero pint on. make us sick. the, on the planet food will fly. need. yes. move of you take people used to talk about my as a medic. x relations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible . back then, the method of transmission wasn't really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. you know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of

a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. we now know that all microbes and viruses floating in the at which can infect humans, animals, and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. with the help of the wind over several kilometers, a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia . the many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. a microscopic taking time bombs, the resulting. you visited the visual, put those in a symbol. there are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy is quite, is open to the hospitals. are mindful of this because when soil and send

a move during construction workers and their adverse wins. this is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. oh no, no need for you. well, does it to them? you don't need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness are found everywhere. you're including in the atmosphere. acute or if they appear in large amount, they're dangerous to him. you know, compromise, i think gross, me the degree of what we keep switching to manage the science as shown. pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distances of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven . the font that isn't solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a long distances of several 100 kilometers. the

reason for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very long distance is still functioning. deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory, but it's vulnerability and it turned out it's very sensitive to alex to yeah. according to uv, radiation and drain is quickly kill and render a virus harmless when it's suspended in the air outside optimal way to treat. if i didn't think of the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. it's trying to see by google and hold on to the activity, but there's a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly with some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because they're mostly dead. the only most we're talking about traces of genetic material. so spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses this into a box, the lives of people. the men say look,

you know, it's very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. a lot. it takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have strong defense and most of the doors won't remember who they fall is don't organs, immune systems. vigilant napa, the last most infectious diseases today transmitted by a different kind of app pomp way through our planes. passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. in spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce themselves. they often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. this is beneficial to many living beings. the

baton med, johnny, the poland grains couldn't break releasing irritants, but make poland allergy is a widespread problem. of the at the university of little in france, you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland. they've captured from the yeah. they're examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter air pollutants in the sky. far let me adjust this to the small particles which are dangerous for people with as much as that's for the like. walker sits immeasurable because i'm truly confident that of course not all pollen greens in the atmosphere are shown here has to move. our job is to count them to cool to what's the

percentage of damaged grand designs for and are they harmful to how it's curious because they seem to get through for us on said the research is one to bad to understand what happens between a paul and grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere so that recreating this interaction in the power train, the appalling is intentionally damaged when it fits so feeling about from the confidence interval roles are falling, must suffer. this is the revenge of people with allergies. if i start with a stream of ozone that arrives here, and then i drop the falling into, i look into this makes the ozone molecules reacted with the surface of the fallen gram. but that's what's interesting to me in this experimental civic styles. what was the buffer bundles and movie it was on? sometimes we talk about good and bad. always on the o zone in the upper atmosphere protects us from certain ultraviolet rays, if you and does therefore good assistant, you in the mail find out what ground level. oh,

so it's in the lower layers of air where we live, which is a pollutant location exposing we'll put in and i'm now exposed to poland to a slightly higher dose. oh, so it's equivalent to a peak exposure that happens in the summer time when there's a lot of air pollution. as the 40 piece objects, the polluted fall into a series of test, an intact pollen grain cannot enter long's it's to law changes stopped by on nasal has. however, if the grain breaks, it releases particles containing allergenic proteins. these can enter the brown, kill tubes and trick outages. all asthma the researchers are subjecting the pollen to the kinds of stress may experience out in the wild want exam please rain, which typically causes the grains to explode. this problem that's purposefully polluted in the lab rupture more easily and want to unhealthy poland. now the issue

out especially is how much of the poland is damaged. ringback the want you to introduce followed by a mechanical shock test. pulling that sweat dumped by the wind. can collide with buildings and windshields, especially in cities, and then what happens? you cannot visa sends healthy and polluted poland, crashing against the surface in a pond to go measuring device. then he calculates the number of grains that have been ruptured sold to lot 40. so there are there for we found that air pollution. we can see the pollen grain, so it's making it pro interruption. poly today is more likely to trigger asthma attacks is because it breaks more easily in the atmosphere a present to suggest single atlas van c measurement. we definitely know that effects our footprint on a micro scale, future clark or uh, i think our human activities have altered and polluted everything even on the small

scale. so do we compare us as a share actually on the topic goals that cling onto all that not released from human activities? so deposit goals are released from coll and traffic by an oxide is ink and manganese particles are released through industrial processes scientists. so just beginning to understand the significance of arrow plant on to of the systems and its inhabitants and all the while humans continue to pollute the must be a new book. we do computing force, you know, tomorrow we burn lots of fossil fuels for transportation, proceeding for industry to, to discuss the food, a sofa sort of to ality for to today. large buyers can be seen from space, for example, and also a functional. this is all new c o nice, you know, manage all the forest fires. are a common phenomenon triggered by global warming or wish of walk you message to,

to see call these fires, release gases, and particles into the atmosphere above. the sky is above us, inhospitable. we're essentially burning down our planet as we burn coal oil and would the residential areas and daily activities generate huge amounts of particles and gas is such as carbon dioxide, me say. and nitrogen oxides or the atmosphere as composition is radically changing. and that impacts ero blanked on major and conference even at risk. and then the system that i'm most of the atmosphere circulation includes several

core doors or flo highways. and that are influenced by low and high pressure areas because they determine the movement of air currents and does, they didn't get it in filters, but if i don't have it on in the game, we now know that this circulation can be changed by climate change. the month of july, the next few minutes, the certain winds and currents that have been stable for hundreds or thousands of years can change and the tendonitis would impact ecosystem for and how organisms or distribution plant that effect on and was like, was stainless or least the knowledge of arrow biology is progressing new research questions that constantly explode scientists as long as him that micro organisms were passive during that journey through the atmosphere. the theory was that they effectively entered a sort of high donation by doing that time until returning to the ground mounted, it appears. some do manage to remain active, but walk in, they do in such

a hostile surroundings. that's one of the questions p. i'm a to is exploring on the pleated on, you know, found there was all the menu system on the new as of the cloudy weather today is great for cloud sampling. it's not yet freezing, but it almost feels like you said, don't call me it says this is a nice big cloud that will give us lots of samples on us from on envelope enabled the of the at all. no thunder, no necessarily. we're installing a droplet separator, it's essentially a cloud vacuum cleaner that we can use to collect the particle of these little cloud droplets better suspended in the air. to do that, then you guys also also know the push them against the surface so that they trickle down. because then we can position the bile underneath and collect them till the party collected on the

pounds of floating water systems that covers some 67 percent of the surface. for ero paint on clouts, uh no waste is there is someone. so if want to, as well as food, things to prom, debris in the water droplets. and when it rains, the arrow pumped on, get a ride back down to the ground. so inventive isn't back, take on my specific the doesn't, i want to know how it bacteria lives in such a cloud. and i know you have huge amounts of droplets here. and there's roughly one bacterium. and every $10000.00 over him is that curia may be isolated from each other. do they interact with each other? and if so, how long? what does it like for them to be all alone? and are they all alone? or all the all gathered in one droplet and the surrounding space is bigger than we think it's in the office because it also says welcome on a,

i want to know how this life sustains itself, because that's exactly what it does. that it's just up to 50 percent of bacteria and a cloud can be alive. they spend $3.00 to $10.00 days suspended in that. which means there's plenty of time for something to happen. like old living things by interior, constantly making different proteins to cling to adults to bond, to go to protect themselves from uv radiation or to produce digestive enzymes, researches all looking account, want to to detect these tiny traces of life. it seems like duty, phone dish was on and you as an adult and you as even some bacteria continue living in cloud. so you know, they absorb nutrients like carbon and nitrogen as nutrient as a seal. do you also? is it released c o 2, when they expire, the more that also molecules like sugars to better stick to surface and she'll 1st don't care who's looking at the that's the next. hopefully, i'll see, you know,

there are many possible interactions on the, some we pointed out between the micro organism and its environment. the water droplets listed into the system the, the incredible diversity of bacteria and phone guy in p. i'm a toes experiments reflects microtubules, lights in the pounds, but life in yeah, is not easy. experts now believe that the atmosphere is not a habitat in the conventional sense. rapids via remains a transit station, a tiny organisms the

some years ago. an astonishing discovery caused quietest among arrow biologists, a bacterium known to be abundant in nature, ending clowns was set to be capable of producing rain. bio precipitation was coined to describe the rain making bacteria. a stunning revelation for people in the field of arrow biology, meteorology, and agricultural science. as a most all day in southern france, cindy morris is researching the curious ability of these bacteria. its name, sued them on us. so in the

ring, the can live on the surface of clone some close disease. ok? the melodies, jeremiah, these by conductors are little experiment to show you what this bacteria does to prolong pro fair. are they pumped cindy morris spray the outer leaves of days while light is with a solution containing the bacteria, the leaves in the middle. when not, then the plant was placed in a freezer at a temperature of minus 6 degrees for a few minutes. all was good. you can see a delta prolong the tissue that was the bacteria has frozen and then dried out this a shape but the tissue was out. the bacteria isn't 1st as all suit ammonia. so ring gay bands, bonds by freezing them a gene in the bacterium makes a protein that can create ice crystals. it uses the crystals to destroy the palm

samples and feed on them as it's believed the when found in counts these ice nucleation actors, bacteria speed up the formation of ice crystals which are essential for precipitation. it works in a test tube, at least to me on say so on on the coupon on barco shows that everyone knows you come prepared, the ice cube trays for a policy at the last minute because it takes time. okay, you need an excessive rates. it's a for used falls, so cocoa shows key, don't i don't have to incite this to you. i have a suspension that was bacteria. if the space these 2 to minus 3 for malta testing, but i'll show you what happens when i add some of it is it just builds. darrow, which is not a tube. the low, low display stereo. the

way, as you can see, it's really the how does this phenomenon walk in the outside? well, is it possible for ice nucleation active bacteria to rise into the app from plants make contact with a cloud? and to activate this gene to phone range from the buyer,

precipitation seems promising. scientists are gaining a better understanding of how the founded sacraments. they are connected through the rain cycle and micro organisms like suit amount us a ring gay on that they measure heat. sushi, a measurement suggest that they can drive requirements rainy cycles, depend that rain today will affect the rain full of the future, cost through interaction as rush me and then class will be at the lawn. alt, i'm micro organisms are using 5 y and they say it's most about the amount of right . yeah, these to top, the frequency of rain, a bus or like quantity to pick you told me so that's like whole space and then a small frequent rainfall with the help of plans that provide the right bacteria to the atmosphere. cindy morris is part of an international team of researchers who are imagining a new phone, most accurate count. yeah. they envision growing plants,

the shoes in special fields, designed to encourage the growth of ice nucleation active bacteria. perhaps one day the special ero pants on organisms could even find droughts in certain areas. that's just one idea of how we could transform the world. if we pay more attention to these mysterious organisms in the yeah, the

the industrial power. that's also climate friendly. and it's being supplied in the north of germany. the world's largest high temperature storage facility is being built, their edits, court deal storage unit. that's converting wind power into a heat that large companies need to fuel their businesses. made in germany.

in 30 minutes on the d. w. answer come fix zone with the best in here at the munich security conference. i cynthia, in security and conflict, providing the politicians and that side of the world reach the dangerous inflection point. my guess is we have the 2nd live experience with the highest significant levels in the us, 90 below 0 in 90 minutes on dw the truth. this time, excel gen, this turned into our meets the voices of a free turkey author. as the ad one had to flee into exile, i knew the police would search my house. courageous people are trying to stems the

turkish governments, all sorts of gibs. but only if the crime is addressed and the power of attorney to take responsibility for his actions . guardians of trees, stock march 2nd on d, w. the . this is dw news, and these are top stories. one of the most powerful lawmakers in the united states, mitch mcconnell has announced he'll step down as the republican leader of the us senate in november, senators from both parties, reacted to his announcement with a standing ovation. the 82 year old has been facing health issues. hamas leader is smile on. yeah. has accused israel of deliberately starving people in north garza. he also said the group, which is why the designated as

a terrorist organization was showing flexibility in negotiations with israel. but ready to continue fighting and.