south will take place later in the year, you know, and if you need a plus one, just let me know that's all for now. go. next is a data lead documentary looking at the microscopic world of airborne flanked on on the coast. really thank you so much for your company by the ice cold b. c, at the end of plastic, underneath an expedition ventures on to places that no one has the climate research in the ice, the dos much good dw, the we live in a well surrounded by and fig lance, of gases,

and want to make up the onsite must be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. and these lands on teeming with life. insects seats, poland, and bacteria. floats in the atmosphere. similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind. a cold arrow planks. and for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms, the, it's a branch of biology that's long been under appreciated era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio diversity health and the climate.

understanding how they influence our lives and the global animal and plant wealth is increasing the importance. swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch going to serious ecology is to be a for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. the one that i place you on the, to the one to, to receive up here. you have the feeling you're far away. from everything that's presented to them, but that's exactly the point we want to find out if this life at this altitude and what type of news. if all of you either can when you have a book in there, circling, constructed on the wind is blowing at about 20 kilometers per hour on. so a particle travel is a remarkable 20 kilometers per hour. sounds like you to minutes. let's click on see the yeah, i'm

a to at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. france wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. today he's on this time it's up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. he's setting up time tom track, set the observatory the trap, so essentially vacuum cleaners. the capture the dice, select the tiny apple and travelers when p i'm a to looks into the skies. he knows that anything pot empty the atmosphere around this is bustling with life. to skate on it unless 5th, the under. so now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface . okay. and so the mirror image of the ground best. we also know that most 5th, all very dynamic considering that it's moving and mix things. so mean all day of today wins. sweep over all of the surfaces,

stuttering apple types of particles so lifeless and living there and feasible to the naked eye. but it constantly around us. these particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tents on the ground. the the aerosols, brian's about forests. they can contain leaf dust, poland, moans, and bacteria. to volume, so phone, imagine john cubic center. when it was windy, they mixed together. different mcclendon footprints of this forest, the which spreads across the whole lands of a single headphone. while some of the mississippi's as the over a meadow, they might be cross clippings, small insects, and minuscule. traces of shapes more over

a highway. a cloud might form of tie up particles with droplets and fine dust. high altitude winds mix the end results and transport them far away. the this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms and the arrow punched in a sweat to long body and conference. the place data boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the national research institute about agriculture of food and environment. in the plan, in west and fronds, they're collecting samples from this fund, a line structure positions in the middle of the fields. it's essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. there's a strong acid,

so from the trap. the position in, uh, i just met through it though. i've had things that come on in a good 12 meters high. they don't get or 40 feet to be exact because that's an english model. it was metal. and it visited the wood up to a. we don't want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. i'm like, rather oregon is that weren't swept into the air as close and travel greater distance point. they don't say they don't have to do that, which is a long since that, that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region for your website on this keyboard. once you do that, also nicer on wednesday who is very good news. there are even lifeline because he wrote this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. so the laundry is don't in isms an arrow painted. and they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters, depending on their size and the wind speed. the trap sounds saying everything. the

policies by agricultural scientists use the results to warn the farmers of crowds of a fade. so the past, the trap operates. oh yeah. around the clock is this is really a lot to it's because it's a sunny day. you pull it up. i mean, and there's a nice thing. okay, another one is hiding last guess. you know, and another a beat leaf if it beatles and flies, fox, even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. the gum done medium uh, what about just as the account myself as an allergy and small presentations in the c cubic meter of air above our heads. it contains so many different organisms of

that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spiders. i tell you it was easy to use on saying design, you took down the organisms right. the wins like flying compet, the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. and to so find the we've known about the existence of arrow paint home to nearly 200 years. which is

naturalized charles darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the collapse of ghosts. in 1835 the spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw. and in the 2nd time that the 19th century french scientist louis past, due proved through a series of experiments, the particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal tassels. as to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology, tuberculosis, and strikes meningitis around that time. scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. a new branch of science was born and wrote biology. scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that $55000.00 bacteria were found in the bustling pollute, lee and parents. but on the $7600.00 were found among the trees in

a box. in the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only $25.00 bacteria. the then there was the work of legendary pilot charles lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached and it the soup divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. the samples supported the pieces that living things can survive long distance and travel at high altitudes. but in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity. the organism suspended in yeah, was somewhat forgotten. the ingredients in satellite imagery,

we kindled interest in the late 20th century. a scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. or she will say the push, the also i'm of the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. you see that it's carried away with the air flow. it's the same in the atmosphere now. the mass of these particles is so small, the ones that are born, they stay there and follow the f. o is the fee low call down for us while to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. he says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing on dost rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. these gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero blank. don't

know, but suddenly i met you on, you know, i don't know just contains not only mineral matters, but in some cases, also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. let me know. as soon as the dust is kicked out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to completely new places this, which will be the, it's easy for a bacterium, fungal, small, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight. the dead winds does up grains of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of johnston, micro organisms, a sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers.

will go up well street, or we can track this stuff over long distances. also the super c a satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over the so hard as that within several hours the cloud grows and starts moving to the area. i will say the only thing i'll fast forward, or there's what you're telling me what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust masses reaching the atlantic ocean here. this was a few days later, there already over western france. it duco they'll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia a precaution was showing us coordinated best weather conditions, high and low pressure areas, boom and cold and current. either pull the task booms in or blow them away. they foam at highways. let's go the, the,

a kilometers, take tasks, cloud can cross the atlantic within a week, the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of life. the book to them at yale and the matter contains chemical elements. and in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. these increases the officer at the time. you organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly long distance. they said high altitudes, but how do they travel and how do they affect the ground?

the countless micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on of the body. the immediate cas amaya on is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition. and it's connections to climate change. he's working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere almost with a key site. his research is in the spanish baronies. the to see the just see we to get some of them out of the 2 dimensions of the metal.

we're at an altitude of over 2000 meters where there's little interference from local air pollution. i'm using better so we want to capture micro organisms. that's right. in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so that you'll be going to do this on. we gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. we collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i don't know one of them which, which, which the most part people just get the most i can hear. you can see the particle. so like, you know, what's the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and most of you to, in the, in the part of the plus. what does that make us? but there are organic particles like bacteria. it fund guy holland, but also in organic ones like clay silicates,

can minerals that come from far away is almost because he's been in for 100 and with us. what are some of those think, i suppose, year, and could be just from africa, for example. the 3rd, which was transported them yet miss fear the system was washed out by the rain and the light. that's what we're capturing here. the water is probably running. there are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this filter immediately means that the me unit in griffin is these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cod throughout us history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a significant impact on ecosystems some bacteria and help boost pond gross, by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycle dead organic matter. viruses and microscopic modes

regulate animal and plant life. so let me throw and these will stick when they'll gain. when these micro organisms land in, they can colonize new habitat, we, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that i'm the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. they're small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is what and create new life in some of the salary of somebody that'll be the media. cast them i yours teams started micro organisms in rain. walter, the is and with the help of weather data trace, the arrow pine comes pathways. the scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent the streams of arrow pine come came from. and they discovered some remarkable patton's of the, in the summer arrow plant on tends to be local. it rises from the farmlands of

spain and northern europe above cities, rivers and lakes. but in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine till him come primarily from the atlantic ocean bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains, already had left the middle resort that it was going to be you. i might, you better when we analyze the initial results of storm savior and joan, we noticed trends that recur annually. this was an amazing discovery. how is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year? i see those up, but it's gonna be moving. we know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and these cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere, so used to speak last time. you know, quarter in and i'm with of the streams of arrow pine tone and not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason

. the microbial mass is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons just like bands, flowers and bumblebee. the but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes calling the skies a some to um say that humans can microscopic aero pine tone. make us sick. the on the flip flop, need yes. most of you take people used to talk about my as medic x relations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible. back then, the method of transmission wasn't really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. you know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of

a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. we now know that all microbes and viruses floating in the at which can infect humans, animals, and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. with the help of the wind over several kilometers, a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia . the many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil. a microscopic ticking time bombs, the be something you visited, the visual, put those in a symbol. there are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy. the kind is up to the hospitals, are mindful of this because in soil and send

a move during construction workers and their adverse wins. this is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. oh no, no need for you. well, does it to them? you don't need to be sees of the genus as forgiveness are found everywhere. you're including in the atmosphere acute or if they appear in large amount. they're dangerous to him. you know, compromise. i think girls with a degree of what we need to manage the science has shown pathogens, can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distances of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven the font that isn't solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a long distances of several 100 kilometers. the

reason for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very long distance is such as you don't have. the corona virus was studied in the laboratory, but it's vulnerability and it turned out it's very sensitive to alex to yeah, according to uv, radiation and drain is quickly kill and render a virus harmless when it's suspended in the air outside optimal vapor tree. if i didn't think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. it's trying to see the google and hold on to the activity. but there's a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly really some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because they're mostly dead. the only most we're talking about traces of genetic material. so spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses. this is, the view is evil. the men say look, yeah,

it's very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick a lot. it takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have strong defense and most likely to is low level who the follows the organs immune systems, vigilant. never the last, most infectious diseases today are transmitted via a different kind of app pomp way through our planes. passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. in spring time, poland takes its ton on this giant and carousel pollen grains produced themselves. they often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. this is beneficial to many living beings. the

little med johnny, the pollen grains can break, releasing irritants that make poland allergy is a widespread problem. of the at the university of little in from you called all visa and now the usual on studying poland. they've captured from the yeah. they're examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter pollutants in the sky. for let me adjust this the live. what else did they all look for in the x to is

this, this poland has truly exploded on say, a national to print a video. this is a sample from the books pulled and sees it. it could help cause that's where you can pull the pole in this practice and just wait for what is it and stuff. it's so mock line that it's deflated the, their protective membrane is really shredded. if they how long they should get this of the one for the next week to see if it's near. we seen the broken pole in a for which lost its original reproductive function. you can also see the release of the small particles single, which are dangerous for people with asthma. for by clockwise, it's immeasurable because all to become friends. of course not all pollen. green's in the atmosphere are shown here used to mall. our job is to count them difficulty . what's the percentage of damage, grand designing splendor they harmful to how

a screw is cuz they seem to did see for us on face the researchers want to better understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. so that recreating this interaction in the power train, the poland is intentionally damaged when, if it's a free on a boss from the confidence interval, roles are falling, must suffer. this is the revenge of people with allergies. if i start with a stream of ozone pulled in that arrives here and then i dropped the fallen into i looked into this makes the ozone molecules reacted with the surface of the fallen gram, but that's with interest to me in this experimental ethics styles, the jeep off of bundles and move it was on. sometimes we talk about good and bad. oh is known as the o zone in the upper atmosphere protects us from certain ultraviolet rays if you and is therefore good substitute in the mail from the ground level. oh so it's in the lower layers of air where we live. this is a pollutant location exposing we'll put in the now expose the pole into

a slightly higher dose of oh so it's equivalent to a peak exposure that happens in the summer time when there's a lot of air pollution as the bodies he subjects the polluted fall into a series of test the intact appalling grain cannot enter longs. it's to lodge into stopped by on nasal has. however, if the grain breaks, it releases particles containing allergenic proteins. these can enter the brown kill tubes and trick outages. so asthma the researchers are subjecting the pollen to the kinds of stress may experience out in the wild want exam please rain, which typically causes the grains to explode. this problem that's purposefully polluted in the lab rupture more easily and want to unhealthy poland. now the issue out especially is how much of the poland is damaged. ringback

the want you to introduce followed by a mechanical shock test, pulling that sweat top by the wind. can collide with buildings and windshields, especially incentives. and then what happens if he's a sense, healthy and polluted, poland, crashing against the surface in a pond to go measuring device. then he calculates the number of grains that have been ruptured sold to lot 40 show their, their found that air pollution week into the pollen grain. so it's making it pro interruption. poly today is more likely to trigger asthma attacks is because it breaks more easily in the atmosphere. a presumptive suggest single. imagine i would actually not put that affects our footprint on a micro scale, future clark or uh, i think our human activities have altered and polluted everything, even on small scale. so do we compare us as a share actually on the goals that cling onto all the not released

from human activities? so deposit goals are released from coll and traffic. and oakside st. kind of manganese particles are released through industrial processes scientists. so just beginning to understand the significance of arrow plant on to of the systems and its inhabitants and all the while humans continue to pollute the must be in the book. we do convert to force, you know, tomorrow we burn lots of fossil fuels for transportation, proceed do it for industry to, to discuss the food, a sofa sort of to ality. so to i today, large buyers can be seen from space, for example, and also a functional. this is all new c o nice, you know, manage, old reforest. buyers are a common phenomenon triggered by global warming or issue of walk you mentioned to,

to see call these fires. the release gas isn't particles into the atmosphere and the skies above us, inhospitable. we're essentially burning down our planet as we burn coal oil and would the residential areas and daily activities generate huge amounts of particles and gas is such as carbon dioxide, me say, and nitrogen oxides or the asthma speed as composition is radically changing. and that impacts aero pine tone major and conference even at risk. and then the system that i most of the atmosphere ex circulation includes several core doors or flo highways that are influenced by low and high pressure areas. typical names,

they determine the movement of air turns into they didn't get it in filters, let them use, i don't know. it's in the game. we now know that this circulation can be changed by climate change the month of july, the next 2 littles be certain winds and currents that have been stable for hundreds or thousands of years can change and the tendonitis wouldn't impact ecosystem for and how organisms are destroyed you simply have to that effect on a single, stainless, or least the knowledge of arrow biology is progressing. new research questions that constantly explode scientists as long as him that micro organisms were passive during that journey through the atmosphere. the theory was that they effectively entered a sort of high donation by doing that time until returning to the ground mounted, it appears. some do manage to remain active, but walk in, they do in such a hostile surroundings. that's one of the questions p. i'm

a to is exploring on the police. don't you know, val, now? who's on the menu system on the new as of the cloudy weather today is great for cloud sampling. it's not yet freezing, but it almost feels like it don't call me. it says, this is a nice big cloud that will give us lots of samples on us from on envelope enabled the of the, at all, no thunder emailed us that we were installing a drop put separator. it's essentially a cloud vacuum cleaner that we can use to collect the particle of these little cloud droplets better suspended in the air. to do that, then you guys also also know the push them against the surface so that they trickle down because then we can position the bile underneath and collect them till the party connected on the 2nd floor for this and else

pounds of floating water systems, the covers some 67 percent of the surface. for arrow paint on clouts, an oasis. they're a source of want to as well as food, things to prom debris in the water droplets. and when it rains, the arrow punk, don't get a ride back down to the ground. so inventive isn't back there. you can my specific the vehicle doesn't. i want to know how it bacteria lives in such a cloud. and i know you have huge amounts of droplets here, and there's roughly one bacterium, and every 10000 over him is that curia may be isolated from each other. do they interact with each other? and if so, how don't know, what is it like for them to be all alone? and are they all alone? or all they all gathered in one droplet and the surrounding space is bigger than we think it's in the office because it also says welcome on a, i want to know how this life sustains itself, because that's exactly what it does. that it's just about to up to 50 percent of

bacteria in a cloud can be alive. they spend $3.00 to $10.00 days suspended in that. which means there's plenty of time for something to happen. like old living things, thanks area are constantly making different proteins to cling to adults to bond, to go to protect themselves from uv radiation or to produce digestive enzymes, researches looking account one to to detect these tiny traces of life, the dutiful initials on in you as an adult and you as even bacteria continue living in cloud, so they absorb nutrients like carbon and nitrogen as nutrients you see. or do you also as a released c o 2 when they expire, the more that also molecules like sugars to better stick to surface. and she'll 1st don't, shep occlusal to the deluxe. hopefully, i'll see, you know, there are many possible interactions on somebody pointed out between

a micro organism and its environment. the water droplets, students to the, the incredible diversity of bacteria and phone guy in p. i'm a toes. experiments, reflects micro bills life in the pounds. but life in yeah, is not easy. experts now believe that the atmosphere is not a habitat in the conventional sense. wrap it so it remains a transit station, a tiny organisms the

some years ago. an astonishing discovery caused quietest among arrow biologists, a bacterium known to be abundant in nature, ending clowns was set to be capable of producing right. bio precipitation was going to describe the rain making bacteria. a stunning revelation for people in the field of aero biology, meteorology, and agricultural science. as in most all day in southern france, cindy morris is researching the curious ability of these bacteria. its name, sued them on us. so during the ring, the can live on the surface of plums, some clothes disease. ok,

me nowadays. generally, i conducted a little experiment to show you what this bacteria does to prolong pro fair. are they pumped cindy morris spray the outer leaves of these wild light is with a solution containing the bacteria, the leaves in the middle. when not then the plant was placed in a freezer at a temperature of minus 6 degrees for a few minutes. all was good. you can see a doctor. prolonged tissue to bacteria has pros the and then dried out. take this a shape, but the tissue without the bacteria isn't 1st as all suit ammonia. so ring gay bands, bonds by freezing them a gene in the bacterium makes a protein that can create ice crystals. it uses the crystals to destroy the palm samples and feed on them. as it's believe the

when founding counts these ice nucleation actors, bacteria speed up the formation of ice crystals which are essential for precipitation. it works in a test tube, at least to mon say so on, on the coupon on barco shows that everyone knows you come prepared, the ice cube trays for a policy at the last minute because it takes time. okay, you need an excessive rates. it's a for used falls, so calculus shows key. don't i don't have to incite this to you. i have a suspension those bacteria, if the speed these 2 to minus 3 for malta testers, i'll show you what happens when i add some of it. and it just builds darrow, which is not like to but the low, low display stereo. the

way as you can see it's friday. the how does this phenomenon walk in the outside? well, is it possible for ice nucleation active bacteria to rise into the app from plants make contact with a cloud and to activate this gene to phone rain drones? the fire precipitation seems promising. scientists are gaining

a better understanding of how the founded sacraments. they are connected to the ring cycle and micro organisms like suit amount of searing, gay on that they measure heat. su jeff measurements suggest that they can drive requirements rainy cycles, depend that rain today will affect the rain full of the future cost through interaction that trust me and then class will. yeah, it's a long old, i'm micro organisms are using 5 y and they say it's most about the amount of right . yeah. these to top the frequency of rain, say bus or like quantity to pick you told me sort of cycle spaces and a small frequent rainfall with the help of plans that provide the right bacteria to the atmosphere. cindy morris is part of an international team of researches who are imagining a new form of agriculture. they envision growing fond species in special fields designed to encourage the growth of ice nucleation active bacteria. perhaps

one day the special ero pants on organisms could even find droughts in certain areas. that's just one idea of how we could transform the well, if we pay more attention to these mysterious organisms in the yeah, the,

the the the video diebold boss on the fraction of them to find a waste of the market. so what happens to that? they throw it away to change this. people in the name is eco, india, in 30 minutes on the w 9. but you will tell here

we are happy that we are back to the story. we have a getting a visa is more difficult than finding gold hosted to use the sales force and the for the future in the stories and issues that are being discussed across the country. news africa. in 90 minutes on the w, the these places in europe stepped into a bold adventure the treasure map for modern flow to describe it as some of us, regular bragging sites on youtube and also into those

do not understand can have a think like devices presented to use on instagram and follow up the the this is dw news, and these are our top stories. thousands of murders have defied police together in moscow for lexi nevada. these funeral relates opposition leader and putins. fiercest critic died in an arctic penal colony where he was being held on what supporters called politically motivated charges. according to human rights group, at least 67 people were arrested. a nationwide tribute president joe biden says the us will help deliver more aid in 2000.