2nd son asked about the stories the on the headline world in progress. the w postcard, the babies born prematurely that's been weeks on new needle words are exposed to a lot of hospital stimuli during a time when they should ideally have been protected in the mood stress factors linked to being born too soon can have serious consequences. one research team is looking at what their music can help mitigate the risk that topic and much more this week on dw science. you welcome to tomorrow. today a fed today should have been born 3 weeks from today. the and

but his mother a shot a new job done, gave birth to him over 2 months ago. had told her his brain didn't have sufficient time to mature. he missed out on vidal weeks in the womb. that's the reason many premature babies end up with developmental disorders. some of them cause lifelong issues. pediatrician and research are paid to hook b is trying to do something about it. with music. coincides the middle of the day of holding. we came up with the idea because premature babies have a daily rhythm that's determined by machines. meaningful and the name indeed can that be spring? we thought we had to give them something that they could hold onto based that the facial, hey, that's something that comes regularly to try something with a personal connection to them. so we, that's when we had the idea that we could do that with music. i'll make music mazda

actually metric us out the black simmons in time for at today's wake up music, he has a different pace to fall asleep, too, as well as one for his waking hours. in a study, the team led by the research are looked at what happens in the brain when premature babies and neo natal logy wards associated music with events like waking up or falling asleep. they have an h. d all worked well. well. well, mostly babies who live listen to music regularly, show a clear maturation of these blue and orange networks. believe these are the networks that are otherwise less or under developed in premature babies in the cliff team. so some neural connections and the brains of these premies grew more sophisticated due to the music. and the daily structure they associated with an

the music was created by end to this folder. and by the while composing as much as possible, he tried to put himself in the shoes of a premature in front of the stairs to tc tc. that seemed to the 1st goal was to relax the children boat and was to dissolve the blockade. they had built up through this process of being told into the world and on clone for suicide, trying to develop a sound from over time switched from human voices 27. i extract of the sounds that were the most a theory all should be on the go on for a long time. disco, david gloss, only sound that develops constant. what do they like? a cloud, deceased? i'm digging into the cliff as the wind of a loser. these close ceiling in the month, it is full of i'd just seen the mist in discussions with unclear us fund invite always took a very long time because we spoke different languages. i kept trying to bring everything down to a scientific evaluation thing a on dad had phone that. he didn't think that what happens in the brain was all

that important. jimmy got tubs of his. she thought that the main thing was that the babies ended up feeling better the space on the hot, but i told him that i actually wanted to know what happens voss and how it affects wellbeing. yes, the small issue. lemme then you just don't go on that day and then it became about stimulating the children after relaxation, scared, in other words, to give themselves that wake them up. will you do that? aroused their curiosity to wonder what is that, where does it come from? something like a bell ringing, for example, let's see, shared with you, but i'm thinking the surprise on or when he's this instrumental. good said he's got you. now let me play at a level well, what do you say is when i was in geneva for the 1st time and this was the instrument, they reacted to most economic hits a snake charmers fluid from india. it's hard to play and so you have to practice

long and hard to make nice sounds, but i'll give it a shot. for the babies, relaxing music and science. the study became something of a global sensation, a photographer from national geographic showed up in geneva. the results fascinated everyone. don't see it. so for me being able to prove this scientifically with this project was a fantastic experience. pretty big. is it duties from postage? can you hear me now to the is one of the children who were exposed regularly to and to the us following by those music. whether the experience also strengthens neural networks and infants at the later development stages is currently under investigation. the parents of the children are thankful for the musical experiment

. lisa, i told him, was that the special? yep. there was a way for me to give her an activity. when you have your baby at home, you can play with all their limits to what you can do at the neo natal logy station . but i had the feeling that nancy la got something from the music and that's through it. i was doing my job as a mother. so some of us you, hey, is i've been, i'll put you on the phantom club. i the memo, it's due to the long conversations between the scientist and the musician paid off in the end. let's see what happens in our brains when we listen to music. that's the kind of question being explored in the field of neuroscience. another is how to develop human machine interfaces and devices that

can be controlled by thought. in that area, a researcher at one of europe's largest university hospitals is trying to break new ground. he collects fountain pens from all over the world in a small way. the hobby acts as a kind of analog counter way to his research, which is a lot less tangible the so you suca da spends most of his time studying the around 86000000000 neurons that make up an incredibly complex organ. the human brain. and he's been doing so since his university days back in the 1990s decided the economy scale and that was the decade of the brain. there was a lot of hype about all the imaging techniques at the time and what could be explored. i found it incredibly fascinating that we could practically watch the

brain think who owns. i'm going to cook and couldn't today the research or does just that. with technology that's grown, much more advanced at the chevy tay university hospital and research clinic and berlin. he develops high tech for the brain. for people with paralysis, for example, like you to show it's using electrodes. the doctor 1st establishes a connection between the patients brain and the computer. the electro and stuff la graphic illustrates how active the different connected areas of the patient's brain are today. it's important data for developing machine supported therapies. so use, so could cause the process calibration justin page that has also benefited from his research which has led to a better understanding of processes in the brain. and that's helped her get her

life back on track. she's suffered from depression for almost 30 years, mostly just flushed in. um you have to imagine that you feel home inside nowadays might have you have no strength at all. when you can concentrate on some of this as soon as you, it's not like you always have a jumble. looks on some more like there's nothing. wow. wow. and every little task feels almost insurmountable. just getting dress store, cleaning yourself up, sometimes takes the whole day. just to show much more and how this could come for years, qwest and boost that took antidepressants that cause severe side effects. she tried many different treatments and repeatedly suffered severe relapses. then she heard about a technique so your circuit has explored. it's called repetitive,

trans cranial magnetic stimulation. this, in the symmetric group, i mean, we know for example that and people with depression, people who have depressive symptoms. the left frontal brain is not activated as strongly as it is under normal circumstances. and with this method, we can specifically module 8 the activity in the left frontal brain. that kind of re orients this area, creating a situation where new connections can also occur. or changes in brain dynamics. for in the whom do not make code developed by the research or the therapy was approved in 2018 treatment is painless and has just one side effect. a noticeable improvements in the patients state of mind. the device is used in the mask that are constantly being refined and the institutes own workshop. the aim is to tailor them even better to specific new ronel dysfunction in individual patients in the future. so good are wants to use magnetic stimulation to plum even deeper

limbeck regions. beyond the frontal brain, takito showed so special ed, so skeleton for his hand was produced as part of his treatment, a godsend for the patient. after brain tumors, surgery, he was no longer able to move his left arm on my back, then nothing happened. i'd wait for it to, you know, not even a twitch will fight and i missed it. so, a just 30 or 40 years ago, the expert consensus was that dead nerve cells were irretrievably lost. we now know that other neurons can take over their functions. the brain is incredibly flexible . circuit or says it's surprising how many everyday tasks require to hands and how much not being able to use a lamb can restrict autonomy. but with

a little more than the power of his thoughts, the electrodes attached to his body and a machine that converts those thoughts into commands for the exoskeleton shorts. it has now regained some of his motor skills to do that. and then with his exoskeleton, i suddenly thought i want to close that ended close to a few weeks. so i was flooded with happiness hormones and thought, hey, there's still time i can get my life back on with that. so it would come and see it couldn't associate this, we can develop as much technology as we want yet. but ultimately it has to help individuals and their everyday lives. so you're so good our works towards that goal every day. probing the depths and possibilities of the human brain. we imagine about science technology. that's like d, w signs is now on take time. what's funny?

why do gravitational ways that that is when did people begin getting high and laughing gas out the drums boogie to the beads and what's the perfect kid football find? find the on says, gets most dw science own new tick tock channel to calculate results are also being achieved in cancer research with one method called car t. so therapy, the patient's own immune cells are genetically modified to recognize and destroy their cancer. some success stories on, on college, just hoping for a revolution. hands down or it is a living example of how powerful a new form of cancer therapy with so called car t cells can be 2 years ago he was diagnosed with a malignant lymphoma. the conventional treatments for it had little to no effect on

the device from then it's pretty much certain when you have half a year to a year, and that's it as well as a last resort. the medical team, it's kind of about university hospital suggested car t cell therapy, a method that's only been available for a few years. the idea behind it is to get the t cells to recognize pathogens and cancer cells. the defensive cells have binding sites called entity and receptors, which allow them to recognise and dot com to harmful cells. these can then be destroyed by the immune system. in car t cell therapy patients t cells are genetically modified in the laboratory that causes a new receptor to form on its surface. these car t cells are then multiplied. there's super power, a new receptor which allows them to recognize the cells. so these also play a role in the immune system. the cells can develop into malignant cancer cells. the

car t cells have been specialized to recognize them and render them harmless. hard to self era, these are being researched at germany's national center for tumor diseases and hide about even the experts have been impressed by the success rates the idols, twice and off and gets the most impressive data has been in the treatment of childhood leukemia, square car, t cell approaches can actually cure 80 percent of children who would otherwise have no other treatment options at all. that's a huge high income. a success rates and adults are somewhat lower, but even in them with some tumor types around half of all patients have had long lasting effect. still, the treatment can be tough to take. the infusion with altered cells can cause a serious immune reaction. hands bound that was hospitalized for 3 weeks after getting at the new therapy may also have side effects that aren't yet know. so it's

currently only given to patients who have no other option. still, the approach appears quite promising. the cottage, and i'm glad i think car 2000 a certain a new era and on college. and when you talk about self therapies with genetically manipulate itself, so it's always sounds a little negative. but in this case, i find it extremely positive. say i'm good such therapies have been shown to be brutally effective and extremely specific. same fits the 1st time come. what special is the treatment happens with living cells which remain permanently affective in the blood? however, in germany, car t cell therapy is currently only available for specific types of blood cancer or tumors of the lymph nodes and bone marrow. specifically more managed and 9, and at the moment it only impacts a small area of oncology. it is a narrow spectrum of diseases that can be treated quite effectively. but in the majority of cancers, the future of car 2 cell therapies are still are relatively open questions and that

a lot of people from the end the therapy is also highly individualized. which means it's expensive, it costs up to $380000.00 euro is per infusion touchscreen notation off the good. that sounds like a lot of money, of course. and it is a lot of money. on the other hand, if a therapies with a certain probability on you can lead to permanent disease control after a single dose, and then such sums are justifiable. as soon as also it is open and they couldn't even turn out to be possibly cheaper than conventional long term drug therapy. you might be to maybe come in to there's a talk for hands down, or the treatment appears to have paid off 6 months after receiving his car to sell therapy and fusion. there's still no signs of recurrence. he's helpful that is malignant lymphoma won't come back. this is how i let is

read. why are they? so if you have a special science question, send it to us as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little present as well. thank you. come on, just as and this week's viewer question comes from who l. e? a in egypt. why does our hair turn great? actually gray hairs are not really grey at all. they are white, but layered with surrounding hair of different colors of white hairs can make the hair as a whole appear great. the pigment, melanin is responsible for hair color in humans. that's also the pigment that determines eye and skin color. the melanin in the hair forms in its roots, in particular cells, the melana sides. they produce 2 different chemical types of the pigment, black, brown, you, melanin, and seal melanin,

which is reddish yellow. the amounts and mixture of these 2 compounds determines your hair color. the older you get though, the less melanin similar sites produce. instead colorless bubbles of oxygen to accumulate in the hair, making it look white. exactly when the 1st white here's appear varies from person to person. most people start to find that between the ages of 30 and 50, but it comes down to your genes. if parents go grey, when still young, the trait can be passed on to their children. but your hair can't turn gray over night. as some legends claim. the french queen marie antoinette is said to have gone great the night before she was be headed in 1793 to complex. that house is more than 40 medical departments and employees nearly 5 and

a half 1000 doctors and nursing staff over a 1000000 patients are treated here annually. it's a hospital of superlatives. the morning meeting and the nerve surgery department begins at 8 o'clock at physician, go on fund hunting, and is given an overview by the award nurse how many beds are occupied, what operations are scheduled? were there any medical emergencies during the night to to then look over the digital patient files, which nurses looking after which patient the digital system makes the doctors work easier about music. we work a lot with the electronic patient journal systems, and that makes it very easy to plan your own day plan. it also makes it simple to perform tasks like those that can be done remotely remote lose. now that the doctor

has been well briefed rounds on the board can begin. first stop is a patient named pierre. the neurosurgeon operated on the 54 year old yesterday to remove a tumor, a difficult procedure together to, to look at the medical findings and discuss how the surgery went. the brain scans indicate that all is well after the doctor was able to successfully remove the tumor. the patient is scheduled to leave the clinic today. less than 24 hours after the tricky operation. short hospital stays are part of the concept. and of course it's a chanel i'm, i'm guessing. is it fast to have brain surgery and be sent home the next day? yes, maybe you should. but it said because the patient is very well prepared. just the entire staff is kept up to date on the patient's condition via a central platform called the blackboard. it contains all patient information. for

example, the exact doses of medication for each case are registered here and can be viewed by everyone involved in treatment bed occupancy. and staffing levels are also listed the idea of what certainty the, the information we exchange. it's a meeting involves capacity on the one hand. but it's also clinical data finish. it does, in other words, just is there a certain patient info that's important for the operation. and for me, we also use it to assign surgical nurses to operating room and off the or what kind of stress time an item will piece. this is the heart of the clinic and internal tracking and tracing system. more than $3000.00 transponders are installed in the corridors and patient rooms. the box track, the exact location of beds and medical devices. 45000 transmitters are attached to every important piece of hospital equipment. the tracking tool is

a huge help for nurses like ashley. right now she wants to know where to find the next available ultrasound machine. but the system can also help her quickly track down a free bed for an urgently needed head doctor. there are mobile very sions on handheld devices for staff who are on the move. the system is unique in a hospital setting. it's a $4500000.00 euro investment that is paid off, helping the clinic save money on stuff without making concessions in care. the ultrasound device, nurse ashley is looking for is located a floor below. as one of the masterminds behind the new danish super hospitals. as judge muller pitt is on a professor of health economics at the university of southern denmark and o'denza, his goal was to achieve shorter treatment times while improving the quality of medical treatment. in general. if we look at the situation before and after,

i think it's fair to say that after we get better services, higher quality, better educated, the doctors, etc. so essentially from a patient perspective, it is a considerable improvement. the only improvement that there's not included in that is that the distance to the hospice of has increased leaders that morning. head physician, go on front hunting and has surgery scheduled. and he's surrounded by the best doctors in the country because people with the most medically demanding health care issues are now treated at the super clinics from brain surgery to heart transplants . specialists from a wide range of fields come together and of course, there's a team of experts involved in every case that has big benefits for doctors and training, but above all, for danish patients. that

wrap things up this time around for tomorrow today to sign show on dw, thanks for joining us as new again next week the the, the, the

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