to the devil even use up an extra dw documentary looks at the ups and downs of sibling relationships and how they influence us. a marietta evans dean. i'll have more headlines for you at the top of the hour for me and the entire and use team in berlin. thanks for the company. the, the innovation. green, the green revolution global. so listen to a whole lot of crime. it's probably up to speed. if the carriers by the time is helping subscribe to the subscribe to plan, it's a ready holding on tight relying on each other, the vice side,

siblings are high wire acrobats in this family. brothers and sisters have been working together for generations when we're up there, it's special that we're brothers and sisters because i can trust my whole life to my family. i'm really minded. close confidence or rivals are siblings can serve as a mirror for us. i'd say even i'm be they give you an image of what your life fuel constantly together for hours even years solving for many a sibling relationship is the longest of their lives. a strong type that hasn't been widely studied. we often underestimate the importance of sibling relationships . to the

of the a vital ball on the shapes the days of these 2 sisters. indeed, their very lives depend on how well they work together. as mean and the tale advice high are high wire acrobats. together they perform at dizzying heights, spend a human hunch, nation time, someone has a bad day. where is the little often board gust of wind come size? of course, you don't know how the other person will react to this, but there's a deep trust there anyway, and there's no doubting understood. i left a rehearsal for the 1st performance of the year of it. natalia up the artist from go to belong to germany's most famous high wire. true on the go the brothers andre, and pay to my he'll lead the troop. it's a family business. on today's top. 10 from klein of you know,

each other well from a young age and have a common goal then it's a huge advantage to know each other super well. just because if we lift anything together, we do it in cooperation. in physical cooperation, we have one body with 2 heads up of its like a from a close sibling relationship that's been passed down for 6 generations. the old account get down sibling bonds. for many, they are part of everyday life. as of 2022, there are almost 14000000 children living in germany. more than 3 quarters of them have at least one brother or sister. every 4th child grows up without a sibling. the proportion of only children is relatively constant. since 2015,

it has fallen slightly to a current 23 percent. the a lifelong balancing act in sibling relationships, rivalry alternates with affection. but how does siblings shape our lives ourselves? that's the subject, studied by switch psychologist is sick. he himself has an older sister. siblings slick calls them a training camp for personality month during the year to meet the kitchen east. on 3 big 2 young sluice the how, how you train other relationship happens with siblings that are fine. also other emotional pack them because it's more on a similar level on a more horizontal level and then with relationships between parents and children. it's more of a vertical relationship perception. so siblings also give you a lot of opportunities to develop social, emotional, moral skills and all these of, in influences that naturally continuing to add old hosting to now and ultimately

even under certain circumstances until this relates the score through understanding based i'm told by looking at the 0, like university of teacher education, the psychologist research has the emotions involved in sibling relationships. the spectrum is wide, but 5 feelings are found again and again. intimacy in terms of emotional closeness, congeniality, a friendly, supportive relationship between equals loyalty, indifference and possibility. a recent study from israel shows sisters boards particularly close relationships. there are greater conflicts among brothers and the smaller the age gap between siblings, the more they see each other as rivals the same day most of the english and the rising elisa patent was which interestingly enough,

occur in old cultures and time. one can read this in many earlier writing segments . and so of course, for quarreling fighting and comparing competing republicans, which by the way is no full bad thing. they move through rivalry. in comparison, one develops one sofa, the 3 commitments each value to rivalry, as driver of personal, the men in moderation. this seems to benefit siblings to speak, fish, east of the scene, so extreme i for seems to golf and on there, a sibling, suicide. extremely jealous of each other, feel so slice of drawing the parents, they always presented as the right that they attack the sibling massively organized . and in the worst case, they can even kill from turton, some greek culture, and at least rarely happens at the school, the much more frequent variant and use the children go through life and always have the feeling they've been short changes to the base main disadvantage sky comb, unceasing pinole style toward rivals for love, for resources,

for their own rank within the family. does birth order shape personality? is there any truth to all the cliches? for example, the oldest children are the responsible ones. is that right? yes to born and the 1st born are more conscientious compared to their siblings. but did you say how conscientious are people for their age? then the effect disappears. it has nothing to do with sibling position, but it's purely an effective age. and the middle ones do sandwich, kids really get the short end of the stick. but sandwich can and there was always a big prejudice against sandwich children and that they are so disadvantaged which they are squeezed between the older and the younger children. and they suffer as a result and, and we think that this disadvantage can certainly exist, but we don't think that it has any effect on the personality of the children because we just protect, you know, finally the youngest,

the baby of the family spoiled and rebellious. but in this components in india and with the last born, we don't really find evidence in our studies that they are particularly rebellious or stand out in any other way. it could be, of course, that they are rebelling in some form and we just can't find a way to measure that and to be home by scientific standards. the sibling cons to patient has less than fluence on personality, then previously assumed. this is the conclusion of a new large scale study. by julia hall, the, the psychologist grew up with her cousin and has a younger half sister falsehoods, minutes and cliches about siblings persist and have sometimes been reinforced by science to officially gift as much money. in fact, there are sometimes individual studies that confirm these stereotypes, because however, the literature is extremely chaotic and performed,

that is for almost every study. there's another study with the opposite finding student. it says one big difference in the old studies is that the researchers handed out questionnaires to psychology students. and with that, if you try very hard, you get maybe 100 people together that's, that's not a lot. if you really want to look at small differences in the me, it, i'm so i'm, i'm interested to find the small differences. scientists need huge data sets researchers at the university of live. so it should have now reevaluated long term studies from germany. great britain and the us, they collect the data from more than 20000 adults. these numbers speak for themselves. first born, middle, or the youngest siblings are just not always, all the same. the only in intelligence does a pattern emerge. i q points dropped slightly from the 1st to the last child.

why? science has several answers to this question. this tiny get people. there are some promising findings as to perform the and the for example, because the suggestion that this is really about the 1st born child simply getting more attention, more encouragement from the parents. i'd be more active stimulation and so on and off to the on legal ones, the vita never idea that might explain this difference is that the older children are taking on a mentoring role for the younger children and told them from soon for the you help and can the name of i see this with my older ones and she tries to explain things to her little brother. i think it's working in the that doesn't really help him. he's only 8 months old. but you see that the older one has to think about what and how she'll explain things. the systems of items being a role model, learning from each other, in many ways, siblings benefit from each other. but a recent behavioral economics study from denmark has now revealed for women who grew up with younger brothers. it doesn't pay they earn up to $400.00

euros less a year, then women with younger sisters. and they choose lower paid jobs in education and to care more often perhaps the difference in income is related to the gender roles they learned as brothers and sisters. i imagine this most produced especially ocean into this one mechanism for which there is empirical evidence. different is that there is actually a division of labor within the family. so at the moment when there are girls and boys in the family, you sometimes have to decide who is looking after whom, who is helping home, who is involved in which activity even to see and what happens when both sexes are present and is that the girl perhaps accompanies the mother and helps them other in the kitchen. and the boy tends to do activities with the fathers. i'm activity, not identifying patterns, overcoming in grains, sibling rules,

science can help. so can awareness that'd be nevada grew up as an only child. she has 6 have siblings. the professor of education head, the german youth institute in munich. she studies the dark side of sibling real lation ships, arguments violence and bullying in school, yards and on social media as well researched among brothers and sisters. however, it's long been a blind spot that's on divers. fist on guns is the fact that very similar phenomena also occur among siblings and was not for a long time really focused on that. the physical sciences, especially among young children and also teasing bullying, leading the other for something they didn't do. accusation at the whole range of ugliness that can exist in relationships with kaiser. this gave them kind of input

to estimates very widely. 15 to 50 percent of children suffer because they are bullied or abused by their siblings. often with lifelong consequences. the researchers at the german youth institute had been advising policy makers and administrators for decades. they also worked on the german government's family reports. new family models are getting more attention, have siblings step siblings and patchwork families. but what has long been part of everyday life is difficult to grasp scientifically gotta in state farm means instead of building relationships are awesome, particularly complex in steps, families where there is only sporadic content is not, there is, there is of course, not much chance for them to really grow together. however, children often experience the relationship with new siblings as an enrichment. it has to be said, the children are off and less and complicated than parents to sit as

a ton. children are affected by divorce and separation. about one in 10 families in germany is a patchwork family. new life partners with children from previous relationships are sometimes joined by new children from the new relationship or who go most of it's empower selena or patchwork siblings. in the beginning, they weren't as easy going as they are today. i didn't like him. i didn't like her either. i knew i always forgot his name. i still forget as a model. for me, it was a bit weird because i had to make friends with someone us. i'm gonna find most of the health issues like i was honestly a bit afraid of you. we pretty much hated each other. sundays were like, no, not him again, some days to avoid seeing him, i wouldn't even get up in biological siblings,

probably experience some of the same feelings at that age. 2 year old who go is the joint child of patchwork, parents and natalie, popish and spend luca. the older children are both who goes have siblings 7 and 9 years older, respectively, and worlds apart in terms of child development. step siblings, paolina, and move. it didn't move in together until they were elementary school age for the whole family, a high stakes experiment, isabel eg foods. when you those toughest at 1st i wanted when it really was because from all hates of course it was a big change and he wasn't a tone interested in girls anyway. and then suddenly a step sister. but you just have to throw them in at the pent and see what happens . and it took a long time, but yeah, it's actually working quite well now as a tool that is who the arrived. we even more of a family now, it's as

a family and it took a lot of patience and compassion, living together did the rest. today, the patchwork siblings are a team and even if reality doesn't always match expectations, then when i can just buy something when you're an only child, you don't know what it's like to have a sibling system. i've always wanted a sibling, but didn't know what was coming this. this is what i've got now. so i didn't expect it from strangers to siblings, so it wasn't a given that these 2 would form a close bond. data from the german family report shows step siblings may have fewer conflicts, but they also often have less to do with each other. and that fossil sykes

is reset shows to those childhood and adulthood. that step siblings awesome. have a somewhat less close boned off and the address being that, you know, stopping on. i've also, when families do a lot of things together, children tend to have few problems as the rules. and there are also a few problems between siblings that came from dias and a dental parents are also the architects of the sibling relationship established seal architects, or in this case, coaches natalia, vice hyde, and her brother max train. the next generation of artist 5 year old who will be and her brothers, charlie and lenny practice splits, then work on strength and endurance. and headstand natalie as children train 2 to 3 times a week. altogether by side, siblings have been living and working together for over 120 years. now put your

legs. sounds done to it sideways like that. the roles within the family are always changing. marks used to be the baby of the family. then he became an uncle just then we've got a completely different way of dealing with each other now that they're a little one is as full. i was the little one that the now i'm old enough to tell the kids what to do. so in the way i grew up with natalia, had children how to connect to, to go to mind, can not why wouldn't trust my children to any of my siblings without hesitation and without fear that they would mess up their education or treat them unfairly to see how your brother does it. you watch the stretch, your feet are comparing, competing to measuring one's own skills against those of others. all of this is part of everyday life for the buy side,

siblings. but the brothers and sisters don't want to be bid arrivals. not even the youngest ones declined the little one sometimes just wants to be like the big one. and the big one also needs reassurance that he is the bigger ones you can ones is, but they look after each other very well. even if they often argue equipment, they also make sure that no one gets a raw deal as with the kids as the children see how we adults treat each other and they realize that we are siblings to this doesn't. maybe that's where a lot of it comes from here. what the high wire acrobat says about her experiences is confirmed by new research, sibling relationships play in a central role in identity formation. brothers and sisters serve as people we can project onto. and as role models, just as important siblings make it easier to differentiate ourselves. you can try things out on them for a lifetime. and they will still be your sibling. utilize,

which i'll come up. you can do a lot with charlie and with siblings in general. and that's why i run off to charlie most of the time, which he finds in knowing the operations. oh, it's the same with me. yes, it'd be boring with no siblings. and so would you do things with us because our parents rarely have time? is it and push side in a family business, it can be difficult to separate private and professional matter was the people at the end of business goes badly. it affects everyone in today. an emergency meeting . bookings have been spotty. i said after the career, the years on festivals and art shows are only slowly getting going again and there's something else troubling the sibling self mox, natalia. and yes, me and have another brother who left the high wire true a few weeks ago. if he doesn't inches, i'm leaving vines a few would many things about this life would too much for himself and must be. and

then as he got older, it became more and more difficult for him to do what he did. and on the whole, it didn't surprise me that much at that moment it did, and i think, but when i thought about it afterwards, i think it was the best decision he could have made since i don't. and that's why i'm not so sad about it. so it's, it's always to him as well. it's very, very difficult for me. it's basically like a separation just looks like a piece breaks away and it is not easy for me. yeah, i know it's going to be hard. the whole year was just hudson, but that's just the way it is put up. i wish for my brother's happiness and and everything else must just come with time was the type thing in the course of their lives. siblings are sometimes more, sometimes less close. psychologists talk about a you curved, great closeness in childhood, distance and puberty. the distance is greatest when the focus is on career, partnership and one's own children. in old age, the sibling bond often becomes closer again. behavioral patterns created

by sibling relationships can affect all areas of life, but they often go unnoticed. to counter this, you'd fake, advise a school psychologist in his practice. he also offers trainings for teachers. understanding sibling dynamics can improve teaching and learning. he says, in the classroom or later in life, in the office to taking brothers and sisters into account helps solve conflict of the get assigned and tried to use this. i think this is still in the collected issue. your people often don't have time to old. they're in the middle of school psychology assessments. for example, gym, they just take a quick look into how things at school, how things with the parents. and if you don't pay attention to siblings and those in there. and in many cases, siblings can play an important role. so if you don't take that into account, that smell, practicing might be as minus a stay close to,

or it's brothers and sisters really do have such a strong influence. what does that mean for children who grow up without siblings or the cliches about the only child? true. are they really selfish, spoiled? even anti social? listen, we don't find any systemic personality differences. there are studies that even find slight advantages that the only child has a slightly better academic performance to begin with anyway, and slightly higher self esteem. but no elevated narcissism most. it is often said that an only child is at a physical disadvantage. that's actually had switched math. in fact, it has often been consent. the children who grow up with siblings or health via an only child has a higher risk of being overweight. presumably that's just a great to lack of exercise. now, of course, on the videos,

i'm more the for running and romping. these 2 will probably always have a companion. the twin girls are just 25 hours old. they were born here at tubing and university hospital, my so sorry, infection. the father, as glad that his daughters and their mother are all doing well. and that is twins can look forward to a lifelong sibling relationship. he's a little jealous. in fact, i can't, once i finish and own a child, and that's how i grew up. i'm was raised, but i also felt a bit alone. you know, you'll never be alone with a twin. you'll always have someone to play with or help you in school. you know, just always having someone bio site is very, very valuable. and i hope it stays that way for life. and i think the twins also have a special relationship. this on that as a happens to all

a regular siblings and fraternal twins, share about 50 percent of their dna. the genetic blueprint of identical twins on the other hand, is almost exactly the same researchers and tubing and want to take advantage of this and are studying twins to better understand the common diseases. which health problems are already anchored in the genes and which are generated by external influences. the researchers are pursuing a classic question. nature or nurture doesn't to sunset as much release, dusty, so using it and what's on the interesting thing is that the twins in the room already have a very similar environment or then they will live in a similar family environment later on and have a similar diet coke, so it is very exciting to see how the children develop and we couldn't for example, if they are identical, they have everything in common. how does, how then the question is of course, solution to are there still difference as simple until she don't?

forever connected twins are special and rare. in 2021 out of just under 800000 birds in germany. only around $13000.00 pairs of twins were born a share of just about 1.7 percent. today, twin brothers christopher and sebastian hammond are putting themselves at the service of science with on the sting of the position has 2 younger brothers and heads. the twin, health research project and university hospital in tubing and several studies from different disciplines converge here all relating to twin health. the project has established the only large scale twin cohort with a medical focus in germany. nearly 1000 pairs of twins participate,

a specialist in psychosomatic medicine wants to find out which factors can lead to eating disorders or to problems like irritable bowel syndrome. the brothers take a stress test with e k g measurements. for this purpose. they're separated, so they don't influence one another. good and then get started. jobs young dots, who the dentist should be, you know, we have almost identical genes here. but since these identical twins no longer live together, we have different environmental factors to an item. so we have standardize this one factor, so just being forwarded on our but we can examine the environmental factors separately because on the and we don't have to relate to donate to diseases. but we can also find out the environmental factors that play

a role in and how do you think it's one type i know for that should be and this is something that is very important to understand that we can possibly also apply to non twins feeling about the heart of non twins, meaning all of us, if the influence of jeans or the environment on various diseases is clarified. everyone could benefit from more effective drugs and therapies. unabashed angle aims to present his initial results by the end of 2023. the, for the brothers, the study is an occasion to consider what separates them. apart from the 10 kilometers that live between their homes. i ask, you tend to be the common 1, may not quite so, but other than that, we're pretty similar teams in this mostly as a tween. you'll notice individual. so you'll always often only perceive does between these that sometimes maybe also negates it almost unfit otherwise in school

and so on. i think we've had more advantages and disadvantages because these twins class, the ends of the hama, share a plus in life above average athleticism. when it comes to physical fitness and there are some things we can influence ourselves. while others are genetically predisposed, like a person's maximum oxygen uptake during athletic exertion. this characteristic for insurance performance is strongly pre determined by gene this keep, i know that there are other fitness variables, but they are not as well started as, for example, the lack take fresh on to for it is this to him that the influence of genetics is somewhat blast, which means that i can well clearly influence this through trainings and then at the elect, a threshold, the muscles begin to over us to defy they tire and burn among other things. sports positions record when this point is reached for class,

the ends of the home on probably later than for others. both sisters played competitive sports until recently you know what each at our sports and competitions, but we're never direct competitor on the back kind of stuff. i think in general as twins, you don't think like that we will also together in school in the same cost. and even that where it's about grades, not the tools that the system. then you are happy for the, the old stuff with, with the as a. but we didn't have a competitive mentality, coincidence or conscious decision. cloud excelled and rhythmic gymnastics, the fee, and the have to pass along or this spare the sisters direct competition, at least in the sports arena. that after all, many pairs of twins can't avoid comparison against which to go forward. has been a very important point. i'm not totally passing x y one, but i am festival

a twins. so these are the side to certainly has positive as well as less favorable aspect on goods because as i said, and that can also lead to things like competitiveness company, that is, what can i do better than the other half was wanting to be better than the other that can spur you want, drive you to a peak performance like old dot hunting and his younger brother kristof and close succession, each one and a limpid gold medal and the disk. but the sporting competition was too much for the brothers. years of radio silence followed the xbox family in berlin, fully as 3 years older than her 14 year old brother's life and bent the siblings get along well. but the fraternal twins bond is particularly close to the twins or like cats and dogs sometimes. so for one thing, they somehow can't do without each other,

they fall asleep in the same bed quite often and are quite close to. but they also managed to provoke each other constantly. a home visit with lena vega, the social scientist has 2 older sisters. researchers like her have been visiting the family for nearly a decade to conduct interviews or take saliva samples for genetic analysis. the 3 siblings and their parents are part of the twin life study. the long term study aims to design for the reasons for social inequality, which has a stronger influence, jeans, or the environment. and how did these factors evolve over time? once within, off and my dna doesn't change during our lifetime, but you can think of it like a light switch. flushed and environmental stimulus happens, and the gene activities turned on or off of it. and that caused a close change. and with the help of the saliva samples that we have obtained. we can also address such questions in the futures just carton in circles on game.

each twin answers questions individually. the sociologist wants to learn as much as possible about the twins lives to mention, because sometimes i can't sleep because of the problems at school in one to finish, finish, education and career integration and participation. the questions aimed to clarify which factors influence social inequality to 1124325. such interviews are conducted once a year. nationwide with some 2000 families, the twins have pretty clear ideas about how they are different. from scottish thompson, my brother contacts the tool icon play soccer very well in terms of school. i'm not so good at math, not, but my brother is very good at mine, not to can such differences be traced back to genes. initial findings do indeed

show that educational success depends not only on the parental home, but also on predisposition. a bunch of stuff isn't stack. i do need to some things i'm most strongly genetically determined. for example, it has been discovered that cognitive abilities are strongly genetically determined . that doesn't mean you have this gene, and that's how it's going to be forms and other things that we call softening skills like self esteem, how brave you are, can be most strongly conditioned by the environment that stick up on the inside come in addition to identical and fraternal twins, the study also looks at parents and siblings when it comes to deciphering the mechanisms of social inequality. every perspective is important. as captive it's, i think the relationship with my brothers is very nick community to have that. and we all have our own private lives. so it's more like

a shared flag. and some of us we see each other. we know each other and we do things together. but it's more like, yeah, everyone does their own thing for buying things. dollars, sibling relationships. you can't choose them or can you the modern medicine makes possible what was long on thinkable. a child is selected from the petri dish in order to serve as a genetic match for an older brother or sister. after all, the new baby is being created to save the 6 siblings lights. they're called rescue brothers and sisters. jamie whitaker, now 20 from england, is one such a rescue sibling, stem cells from his umbilical cords, blood were able to cure his seriously little brother, charlie. there's nothing really about it. it's just you are being able to

help someone who is in your family and obviously you will, you'll do it. and then uh what it is that as the child me on charlie was still poppy together. he's. he's back to the there's, there's no real downsides to when jamie was born, charlie was 4 years old. the family still keeps in touch with the doctor who helps save charlie's life. for parents, michelle and jason, the doctor is a hero, and others consider mohammed task on the seat. one of the most controversial figures in artificial insemination and pre implantation diagnostics. but what would have been the alternative charlie suffered from severe chronic a media and treated it would be fatal. right? so they said your child will probably die buddies. 14. and you can have no more children's because you probably carriers of this of this disorder. so that's a,

you know, that's a, that's quite a, a big show impact on your life when your 2826. and it's your 1st child. so us and it was, it was hard, very hot and it still makes me cry 2020 hits left. so they needed to find a stem cell donor for terminally ill charlie, but they couldn't find one. the whitaker is wanted to have another child anyway. they say, this time however, it had to be healthy and the donor match. that's how jamie came into this world. after a genetic test by artificial insemination and the situation. and so yeah, of course it is a very, very specific process to wish for a sibling to cure another child. and at the moment the procedure with rescue siblings is not permitted in germany for medical ethical reasons. i don't think we know that much about the long term consequences,

yet as far as feelings of guilt or gratitude are concerned, things like that. and which, with which of course, play a big role should be done not to reach the goal. so hold on the brothers say that for them there is no question of ethical concerns or being a burden. charlie and jamie focus on how lucky they are to have each other. they liked a joke about their relationship. yeah. sometimes they have a joke like, oh, i opt you out, you gotta, you gotta help me out with this so long as lines. say if he needs picking up somewhere in the call because i'll get you a new one. and it's just a little comes continually to be a running joke, charlie and jamie seem comfortable when it comes to dealing with their story for siblings of chronically ill children. this isn't always the case. new studies speak of shadow children. they often fade into the background and pale next to the sick

child, which is contained at the cfo live. there are children who suffer a lot of them and they're also children who, for example. and this is also uncommon dream that they will also become ill stand all they imagined and i'm dying now, and then my parents will see how much they will miss me. so will they hook themselves and hope to get attention with this insurance mix of cards because parents of sick children have to be especially sensitive when it comes to healthy siblings and shopping can shadow children can often benefit from being able to help out in some way from being involved a little bit to not just standing on the sidelines. that's important for children's overall development to have a feeling that they can make a contribution. charlie whitaker owes nothing less than his life to his brother. an extraordinary bond, which hopefully never becomes

a burden minus a great day for the acrobat advice. hide family leave you guess? even in a moment you had experience at the high why to vice height, siblings from go to in the range young and dormant. the 1st appearance of the season and the 1st big show after the corona pandemic. they've been training every day for weeks. the tension is palpable. as always, it's not just about your own safety. that's what many people can't understand or what i know. i trust my whole family with my life. so when my brother builds a trapeze, i have to trust that he's doing it right. that everything is safe and secure. until

now it's been windy and rainy. just before the show starts, the sun breaks through. the weather is on their side and then the or the seeing it, so don't download. definitely. we can signals clear communications. one look. everyone knows what to do, the

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