is day primaries on this page the way for an election re much this coming november between donald trump and president guidelines. so we have time full thanks so much for watching. dw, the i sorry. one on 6 time to come and see more people than ever on the worldwide in such an one. great timing is very hard to say. very difficult to find out about time on student info. my friends the

here, the atlantic ocean needs the western coastline of the country was once one of 4 german colonies in africa and at the beginning of the 20th century, the stage for revolutionary development in visual documentation. it's here that the 1st color photographs of africa and its people were taken out of the a noise. it was still a very new instance. ational techniques with photos suddenly be available in color . smooth response on food for the view of a color photo feels much close to the black and white. why not biased it over to my i was a by entering photo chemist who created the 1st color portraits in africa. in his diary he would later recall in connection with this debate, i was asked whether i would venture to take type images in this form. i could naturally make no promises, as it would depend not on me,

but on the fellows being willing to keep still the so called type images, racialized photos taken with the intent of showing a german audience. african people grouped according to their ethnic background in the countries they lived in the story began with an innovative new camera, a colorful new way of promoting german colonialism, far flung lands, their towns, cities, and inhabitants. 3 color photography was a revolutionary development. and this was the 1st time it was put to use to

generate popular support for germany's colonial ventures. the ben yet, so my, most of them come this not because there was always a holiday feeling when we visited my grandparents grand dad would say he was going to get hurt the heavy before you know, and these things really were a terribly heavy. we'll touch the, put it on the tables, i'm coming and we looked at the pictures page by page tri, gamma. every time i don't when we had time, it was a very special and emotional numbers on the talk. and of course, the tell us stories too. i know you're really impressed by the pictures. i'm going to see a minor in march 19 o 9. will that bill meyer set out on a steamship run by a hamburg based colonial shipping company is destination german, south, west africa. today's and that may be the german photographer compiled up private

photo albums documenting his travels, featuring black and white images. among them, his arrival in swat up mood, the main port serving the german collins. he also kept a diary made public here for the 1st time. german south, west africa was not his 1st stop on the continent, but it was a disappointing one. i must confess. one cannot possibly imagine a story of sites and in the sandy deserts, with houses, with not a single tree or shrub. little misses heading, the attorney's wife broke at and t is when she saw her new hunt. i could not think of anything more saddening than having to live here permanently on the coast. the kansas reggie touch people generally knew very little about the colonies

dimension as hardly anyone had actually been that does it. and reports was pretty rare. all the same. and there who spent a lot to speak the population of germans and all the colonies together with 25000. so vanishingly small, i mean, excuse me. so go back to me. i was sent to africa where he effectively served as the p r, director of germany's colonies, working for berlin publishing house and with the backing of the german authorities, he travelled across the continent. his job was to produce color photographs, showing germans the beauty of their distant colonies. the primary focus was human subject who had been categorized by european anthropologist . it was the 1st time that germans, so color, images of african people the

for the few, but i'm going to include in your honest vic, photography was essentially a colonial tool and assessed to redeem the picture serve to demonstrate supposedly history scientific. this hierarchical differences between people and culture, my nieces and they also serve to degrade individuals into type 0 and based on exterior features minds with taping head up to varying butyl, gets their share flushed, and them and run guns. which these for the politics find logistics ideas of race was very important for jim and colonial policy in particular. they were all pervasive to seen in advertising valve. the imagery used was strongly influenced by the belief that the quote unquote european race was superior to others. in the past that point to your opinions were at the top of the hierarchy. indeed. so here i see you own state. the photographs that little minor delivered were precisely what his

employers wanted. they showed the indigenous population of africa as being comprised of a variety of tribes and ethnic groups. 2 different in terms of appearance, character, and degree of civilization. the escape images are flushed, a loan of dance and many of man. that's the advice of one of the that was the notion of the family of man follows the whites mun up at the top. as soon as the door of the colors lowered down, the asians in the middle that frightened at the buttons on god like people, some by then on the lowest, wrong you so done with the sun. for example, referred to us for human mind. they were all manner of series intended to prove

this was who theories now seems on scientific of costs. but back then, they were considered scientific fact, my anthropology and estimate ologist. and there's no room who can opt was known as wisdom shaft. the top did one. this is the lutheran church in windows, then and now both from honk mine and van any other place to live here in winter park months is an historian born in and maybe ask in german born. he literally just moved here 30 years ago and is a former director of the national archives of mines as experts of colonial history . they're familiar with low myers photos the 20th because you know what that's here and if i'm to get this, you can make up all kinds of stories. and these could be anybody arose or just as easily of amber's and the children. well, there's no way of saying that then,

now my children time is, this was probably on a fun, old valley and a half w i. the settlement where the white owners work is lived. well, the own a, lived with his herero wife. yeah, i think there was often a certain degree of estimate makes things a ignition of the us. i was looking good and by this good for good reason suited is you to the information in parts it to the farmers in 5 months. i'm looking for the doors, they were told to recruit people from different ethnic groups as me and i understand by disease and you'd be getting and then is going on as they supposedly didn't go on with each other. yeah, so they'd be easier to control. and so if they were a lot of dubious miss being told about these pictures to discriminate against me. so then i might do quite a good job with the boss to go and explain that i've had that set hasn't got too much to have an issue. and we just didn't, he didn't take a stereotypical chart that you just as a pleasant appearance of but anyone could claim she's

a boss to go submissions. she could also be a nominal number, falls on a decent text. the text accompanying the pictures in this book were not written to accompany the picture. the same ones and the teachers were just added in the life signs on. on the present, though, we don't find it. hang on, especially the mazda mazda and officially, if we, it's the research to the same degree as a certain post cards and circulation backs ends of the individual portrait. shots are dignified. which is surprising when you think about the other kinds of photos from that title and the hunting process, once for, for delphi to that side, got as the logical portraits had on and site on for depicting suppose a racial types. when was it? so really the case of low meyer, this is by no my, i need to fire the photos are considered to have on to stick value. they're still published and posted today,

sometimes on websites with decidedly non artistic agendas. maintenance items that are websites that clearly exhibit an astrology longing for the sierra and these pictures feature heavily there. then the guns close all at a time of growing digitalization and interesting german colonial history. low miners, photos are in the joining of renaissance, usually in the absence of any contextual information that jesus must have buddhist and one of the vehicles scott at the pictures could still have a powerful impact that would be especially due to their context free circulation online. whether for illustrating wikipedia entries or, and postcard collections to as they automatically reproduce the colonialist and races, narratives contained in the images coordinate. these photos were created tech within the context of an equal power structures of interest. i'm a little bit low. maya

was born in likes it, give 1879, but went to high school in berlin. the product of a typical and middle class upbringing, us good to go live, so you guys up and you can come months as you by email, it's the united fund. i was born in live c, as in, so i'm self as a berliner. i was very proud of his little accent of this. we spoke very quickly and was like streamline la quinta and quick witted on the 0 the, the government contract for this. yeah, that's discoveries i'll probably fall suits you to is relatively small stature. now as i'm losing the unsafe to somebody was 5 to 4 at most of the most of the so he had to depend on his with others. so myer decided to embark on a scientific careers in 19 o 2 enrolled at the royal technical college in berlin,

their legendary german photo chemist at all for me to was one of his lecturers that you need to presented a ground breaking invention. the 3 color camera, the photos, quotes in canada, mom and quotes in the toilet up and inside of the software site. if you want to take 3 photos in quick succession coffee, which then probably meant for 2nd, i'm gonna turn it in photography. so back then i saw have to really stay still for a number of seconds. so it was and try not to bring on venus from it. and oh, actually in fun and um, yeah, i think that's what gives these photos that statics. you know, start isn't caught the meet his invention involve the subject being captured on 3 plates through red, green, and blue filters with the color photo resulting from the 3 exposures. in 19

o 3 meter demonstrated his invention to kaiser vill him the 2nd, the german monarch was thrilled. the afternoon if for to see the cooling, alex punishment for the whole powers. when to introduce them to include the say, invention of photography coincided roughly with europe's colonial expansion and the emergence of ethnology with all 3 influencing one another. vista and photography wasn't incredibly important tools as it were mostly for communicating and disseminating the colonial concept item. the school in young duncan's. ringback the hands of hotel ins walk up wound was a hot spot for colonial high society in german south west africa. lo maya saw his job as a patriotic one, and his academic title helped get into monsters. class differences at the time was considered acceptable and government and offices circles. otherwise, they would have just said that some photographers from germany the smoke of

moving the colonial rulers, working to set up a home away from home within a short space of time, they built a strikingly authentic replica of a small germantown men void english to so and based on the basically they wanted to create a kind of superior jim, anita. and as was typical for colonial into the, in the mid 19th century to just what you didn't really catch on. and what they were left with instead. well, who rule material produces that commercial markets on showcase buildings and then i, instead of creating a mini empire, the only day now was more about establishing rule and making local people went to the gym and m i o to started because when i all right, so lawson myers assignment was to show the colonies working well in

resplendent color, essentially propaganda for a german empire along british lines. off by the inquiry on. yeah. one would, it might be to hang on to the colonial administrators. what's constantly citing breton? good. think the in being to be it, be cool in phoning and running launch colonies and making profit from themself. covina, hosted scene and subtract india was a for that size and seeing that you live in the crown. if the british impious a was something they never achieve as it has to be what it was the prime example to follow. i us to slide some guns cause us for that you know, forward to the german colonies, germany's leading anthropologist of the time who stuff which like into advances and photography to the progress brought by german colonial rulers to the african subject. the book was a huge success. the kaiser ordered his own personal copy. the luxury edition costs

200. 20 wrecks marks. almost a 3rd of the average annual income of the time. of popular edition costing 3 marks, 50, sold a phenomenal 60000 copies of the best seller nick clooney. i'd the guys to go see my grandfather was through colonial nelson, the overtly war mongering sense of the adult to the vocabulary of the time. the boys doing everything for him in carrying them through the jungle with a sedan chair. when i was a boy, i would see my grand i'd just like to do this. the important above all was having a decent neck and a dependable black orderly. which for the local chieftains, in effect, may be a guest of the government. the primary difficulty, of course, was keeping the caravans together. riding back, i occasionally administered a few blows of encouragement with the people i did with an instrument,

with its weight in gold. here its appearance alone works one, this comes one is twice without a doubt. racism was a core element of colonialism. it was essentially integral part and was thinking in that era inside the africans were not seen as the future fellow citizens, like campbell ruined, born, marching to bowwie, going 19 o 2 became a city train conductor in berlin. africa was associated with untamed nature, adventure and romance books with lo, myers photos, referred to negroes and their place in contemporary racial theory. some examples, each rate should keep to its own an old phrase based on manifold experience that finds for the confirmation. here to this day, the bushman wondering originally in the grasslands exist on the lowest conceivable level of humanity. the life of the bushman is indeed reminiscent of that of animals in the wild. what is conspicuous, however,

is the difference in facial shape between the back tomorrow and the over herero queue, the broad angular head of the despised clip, the cover then, the striking, narrow head of the over arrow. the master was, in many cases, almost semitic like features scot off, the flushed and there was also the notion that your opinions had the right to rule for other people stuck because they were at the top of this racial hierarchy. an ocean when done china and russia as those other peoples and societies which works to the european man and to be subordinate to him on science or in addition to the native individuals, the based in accordance with racial theory, low matters photos also depicted the colony as a paradise with a solid infrastructure and risk taking landscapes,

the d. which tv spits here to buddha, for the motifs featured in full bath low myers photos, spoke a very familiar visual language for people back home in terms of their composition . i met with design as of the beta, the photos i'll show landscapes and architecture chef. and i stick to and good side of math only because he often featuring imperial infrastructure and buildings such as churches and the composite sort of the composition wasn't many cases being comparable with picture postcard that people knew from germany or other places in europe was watching a passion or i can come to shortly before christmas 19 o 7 old bad little meyer disembarked from the steamship india, his destination. lo may, the capital of togo in west africa, considered an exemplary colonial project. i dressed up in my

pristine white finery and drove proudly to the governor, a new and expensive whole construction touch with a globe like the teeth stole back on on life as he gets to offset the cocoa as a media is an expert in colonial history. at the university of little may, due to scheduling our interview, had to take place via video call and discuss price bits on the need take the example. the domain is our prospects and it has the streets, buildings, and districts to see the white by the german named looming mistress. not in the room, a city was exclusively european. save all the needs of population. i had to live on the outskirts, in what was called the mainland nation, into good mines in the middle, not as well. not often by causing parties or about they did build a couple of hospitalized nation well for europeans, only their own business known as for medical treatment for the indigenous

population events. they were sent to shante buildings in the vicinity of the hospital. give this house is a back and then they, there's congress. so that's right, that's all the photos taken by little maya and germans. exploiting the colony for the benefit of the german empire was signed germans in general. yeah. then those are those surprised to him? so i said that those, i think a might toko, was considered germany's model colony for the commercial trading companies. and plantation owners who set up a business there, a peaceful and lucrative prospect. to go back. yeah, i was pointing squarely drains. usually tuvell colonies was more about exploitation and settled. mm. yes. our step steps within german eyes and it was a model better doable. why not say so? the work done by toby leaves helped ensure that germany no longer needed to invest

economically in the colon as not to release the advice on the war. absolutely, by depriving upstairs the mission of house they did shop, please. as a in the quarterly invest, jim is autumn and alternative perspective. my perspective to us, mine or perspective in this model colony was only beneficial for the german rulers . so as of right indignant died, we suffered hardship from colonial rule and allied skin with our work, only surfing the power of the calling us and on how we used to add to the severe detriment of people's health sciences and their own societies. absolutely price. that's the last thing too hard to say. shots on. so right now, this book spoke the literally angry of the ciocca leaves. the wheel is alien to him as the winch, the potter's wheel, the cart, the use of working animals for the plough in these things is

a 1000 years behind the white man and the yellow race. lo meyer too believed in the idea of a civilizing mission. in this world, whiteman held all the power and target these women were reduced to possessions and sex object. the new white man bought himself a young girl. and in the evening the black woman called mommy appeared punctually on the veranda. a few days later, i to my surprise determined that there was like, why is the black something around the offering itself outside my door. i still had no inkling that this was a customer gift for guests. since i had absolutely no appetite for this kind of chocolate, i asked my eyes to refrain from such hospitality and future the i'm showing him gave eyes, including your listeners. i'd say it's

a strange understand initially having an indigenous woman as a mistress with something the white colonial living just to the ground in the i was to it was part and parcel of back home quest for to move a time for them without id was increasingly subject to subject to race or a white mind co, hesitating with an indigenous woman would be set to have been am, is gone native and again and for all to so i'm going to even go to the whole bedroom. i also visited you today. the 2nd most important part in the colony was also home to a little germany complete with all the trappings, as can still be seen today, the

sharp island meals due to that was the sight of a concentration camp set up by german colonial troops. over 1000 nama starved and froze to death here, no little myer photos document. these events of the railroad, nama rebellion started in 19 o. 4. the german response was brutal and turned into a systematic genocide of 80000 herero some 65000 were killed together with half of the numbers 20000 strong population. the 2 days of crime is commemorated by a memorial in wind hook. in its day,

the bloody clothing of the rebellion was also the subject of fierce debate back in germany. there would serve just a key issue in the parliamentary elections of 19 o 7. both of germany's most popular political parties condemned the colonial armies, actions none the less these events went on mentioned by his lo meyer in his travel ox. 2 bedroom is due to is it some deemed user input addition? osman is it so, and fairly another speech indicating named is this, a low myers photos presented a completely different fixture and safe space. so it says that, and i am one of peaceful colonies, loans of safety for a vast landscapes. i am the occasional inhabitant to architecture and clear composition and giving the colonies

a shot. and i did like feel as an adult in vast landscapes, towns, and villages. with familiar architecture, the colonies were depicted as a pleasant place to live. despite the reality that launch swabs were barren wilderness low myers photography delivered and advertising world idea of the leader of it's railway line connected to port town with the interior and the number of desert no meyer was among the passengers in his own carriage. the train would stop where ever he commanded for him to take his pictures. among his stops was a whole month's got a small settlement in the middle of the desert. decent to now little 9 small town audience famed to the discovery of diamond fields and incentive comments

comp. aside from a number of pictures. and then, amid the only point of interest to you with the various stages of diamond mining, comans comp was a backwater full of nuva rich colonialists, who had their bath water delivered from south africa. in soda bottles. the diamond to boom brought prosperity to the barren south of the colony. the settlers built themselves everything from ball rooms to bowling alleys. the the precious stones made a select few wealthy, but the colonial settlements were largely subsidized. undertaking a disclosure and i had, let's in this may astoria data. ultimately the german empire invested more money from tax revenues in the colonies, and then it never earned from them. so those certain companies were able to become extremely wealthy. the that i should in click with phosphate treating from the

pacific and let's see, fake mit them to the diamond trade. the i'm the real lease, for example, either the size of the fia. so there were companies and they are shareholders from colonial investment. ask for a strongly look. tradition house clinton busy. a product is as easy as hawkeye sales, including say, in 19 o. 9 low my arrived in german, east africa. the pearl of germany's colonies mount kilimanjaro celebrated at the time as germany's highest mountain was among the highlights on visitors, travel itinerary and unforgettable sights, africa, and snow combinations. so strange that the mr. me who 1st reported it to you or 30 years ago was declared insane. the most picturesque black people live to you, the circle a mess i black would actually be the room would. they would dock brown and had a wonderful warrior jewelry. i was most glad to be able to record this peculiar

tribe to the messiah, or for a lo meyer. the appear to me of a noble african or as described in the book, the aristocratic cast of the native population. the scouring a group of mercenaries from various parts of africa, likewise enjoyed a reputation as excellent soldiers and dependable allies. some would fight for germany in the 1st world war in what is now tens and the, 10s dream of realizing a breeder style empire seemed possible. the german regime was competing directly and, and it's own eyes on equal footing with its european rival in neighboring kenya. and then let's yon for him ask next week is that it was a very prevalent id or in the run up to the 1st world war to the gym and colonial company managed to win know for

a lot of people with it and less promotional campaigns and events looking for i'm standing in the feeler mentioned galvan and had to infuse, if you, that read sort. and in the years before the war was this notion of rivalry became hugely important together with the idea of being a global power on its own minds. in all as fed ma, crushed in ward nationalistic propaganda played a major role among the competing colonial powers. racist stereotypes were frequently deployed to mean both the colonized and competing european nations. the skip this and look for the doctrine such as interests you seamless example that system se, what's a satirical magazine that compare the serious european colonial powers, particularly in very vivid terms. german colonialism was betrayed as peaceful next to the beloved thursday belgians before the capitalist exploitative period. lism of

the promotional items in palest must file the interracial sexual mixing. and portuguese colonialism was also a friend of on 6 where the teeth, its name, causing that this was difficult to be used in different germany. these comparisons were in court had this because what i'm doing is, i know that the, the 1st world war in europe killed millions and so on the collapse of the monarchy in germany. we did, indeed, germany's aspirations to a global empire. the former german colonies were taken over by france and britain back home. that was widespread shame over the presence of black occupying troops on german soil, especially the french infantry group that had fought in the trenches on the western

front the this man just as damien took him to the doctor now gosh, off and discretion. and it was a deliberate humiliation when design met with a small position, including organized protests by associations in britain and the us as of this law. and that i'm running side. the id are of a white population being gaudy and commanded by black men with non unprecedented honors, considers an absolute with the soul of the natural order in kid and not to anything for hitting this if it's hosted on this. even the left wing satirical publications in germany, such as collaborative adapt and sublet, says most join the propaganda war against the so called black infamy fueling races, notions of the murderous, sexually violent black man. racist colonialist cliches were present in both political discourse and popular culture.

nothing dakota mean into that as, as the basics of it was the last of the colonies after the 1st of all, the more gap is to think debates in the volume or republic centered on colonial resolution. the reason these movements would be, i'm flinched livingston low, myers photos, enjoy revival writing, a wave of postwar, colonial nostalgia already popular picture postcard motifs. in the 1920s, the images also re appeared in a special edition book, marking the birth of german colonialism. the subsequent to nazi regime to amplified the revisionism of the fine republic. yet again, instrumental rising, the photos is keep toyotas. if he mentioned, there are a lot of people sitting in germany. some scientists and primarily known academics behind the quinn says the anti semitism was different from the racism shown towards

the africans, for example. but i believe that these 2 phenomena are very closely connected with men difficult to find the most outside of the defining ideology. if the nazi movement was anti semitism, it is most fond. of course, there is an intrinsic name to the racism against the motion of thanks to football, not 30 years after low myers 1st trip is photos were featured again in the 1937 book german africa ended future 4 years later, another book followed our wonderful old colonies the images had been incorporated into nazi ideology. decoding. yeah, it was a ton o'neill enthusiasms were counting on the nazis. they hoped that they knew hitler regime, which enabled the re establishment of the colonial empire, alfonso kind of in that side as much an opposite. so this was a lead buddha of the court and united side of the done the so the nazi errors saw

a resurgence of colonial era images. there were re issues of old magazines and illustrated books and the colonial era pictures. i enjoyed a renaissance with the nazis happy to make use of that imagery, and it's inherently racist narrative, dean and process just went out to you for english feelings and the photos were the same. some of the accompanying text were revised with unmistakable references to the ignominy of the 1st world war defeat. the nazi publishers deployed racist stereotypes to appeal to readers longing for the old colonies. a manhattan entries design for life to say, well heading to integrate all the colonial into use yet got into not see audiology . there were also plans for a restoration of the overseas empire, which was only abandoned in 1942 as nonsense find footage of the game. but when the

2nd world war broke out, well that little meyer was 60 mary, was 2 sons and with his own company, or he would never return to the former colonial territories. but memories and momentos of africa remained the same publisher to such as mine against the can type big nice to i can just deliver title companies. my entire childhood. the apartment was teeming with animals, was a chameleon aquariums. and apparently, even a monkey acquired by my grandmother, although it had to be removed for being too wild, be plus reptiles. and what have you seen? a real menagerie as my now and so you give me naturally and i am kill us as the apartment was sit viable while they were in the basement. do you go to vicar blogs and about foot come? grand parents survived uninsured to and was immersed to face

a pile of rubble. the remainder of their home for them should call from dias to bonham. but on the slide, isaac has come in the cabinets of curiosities and memories of africa, you know, on an africa onto desktop. he was devastated and i get off the after the 2nd or will that little milestone to the company, specializing in forensics. you previously run an agency that marketed photos of the german colonies, including his own black and white shots. as pioneering color photos were no longer a source of income, as the rates belong to the publisher. to month to mendoza, john come and i remember how about my grandparents police. there were still things lying around that they'd solve theirs from that almost done. have to in mind they're just, you should the need always have a story about where he'd gotten something does the sleep the right up until the

1950s a little bit bloom. i refrained from further public comment starting but never finishing his autobiography of the, almost everything i've seen and experienced. there was a recurring dream for my childhood end to use. that i seemingly forgot. until the moment came, when i was able to inactive the by the time low my died in 1959. he was a largely forgotten figure. but the visual imagery he helped to create lives on creating a picture of africa, whose legacy is ongoing to this day the,

this had sign in handbook one is an old, colonial imagery is still with us today. by that you can find it everywhere from advertising to musical level. it has little to do with reality in africa. but he does manufacture nice looking pictures. it even shouldn't have been conveys adventure to exhaust just as an ex or take on to send you out. documented of your current debates over racism and cultural appropriation offer an opportunity to reassess historically important photos. like those taken by a whole back little maya. and i, and so i'm sorry for the i'm going with indeed and a responsible approach to the pictures would be firstly of a critical reprisal. i'm quite the seeing and marking them within their context and would be even if we, as a museum, exhibit an image with an accompanying text. we're still reproducing the visual

content onto one possible approach would be to counter these visual narratives with other images by creating counter images as it works as to these colonial impressions and bit of a the 1st color photos of africa are now over a century old. they will always represent the milestone in the history of photography and whole by slow maya a pioneer in his field. but to date, the circumstances of these photos creation and their use must be contextualized and commented upon. if they are to be shown responsibly, they are important witnesses to german, colonial history, the imperialist era, and the legacy of racist ideology. the of the

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. this is the w news live from the lin. nikki haley drops out of the us presidential race. the foremost south carolina government ends hub page. so the white house of the law says to donald trump in tuesday's primaries, but she does not endorse her. full arrival. also coming up on the program were trying to save a rustling could lead to action. this land behind us is the chinese city of charlotte, with millions of residents, the white vessel and the distance over the if the chinese coast guards on this line right here is controlled by time.