replace the sycamore gaff tree in 3 years. scientists say they'll know if the cuttings salvage from the site will grow strong trunks. and if the trees genetic all spring, so to speak, can be replanted in the original location of racism and early color photography next on the stage innovation green the green revolution global. so listen to a whole lot of crime. it's probably up to speed if the carrier is subscribe to the subscribe to plan, it's a the

year the atlantic ocean needs the western coast. i never know. maybe the country was once one of 4 german colonies in africa, and at the beginning of the 20th century, the stage for a revolutionary development and visual documentation. it's here that the 1st color photographs of africa and its people were taking this hassan donald z, a noise. it was still a very new and sensational technique with photos suddenly be available in color. smooth response on booth for the view of the color photo feels much close to the black and white. why not spice good. the whole bedroom, i was a pioneering photo chemist who created the 1st color portraits in africa in his diary he would later recall. in connection with this debate, i was asked whether i would venture to take type images in this form. i could

naturally make no promises, as it would depend not on me, but on the fellows being willing to keep still the so called type images racialized photos taken with the tend to showing a german audience, african people grouped according to their ethnic background. and the countries they lived in the story began with an innovative new camera, a colorful new way of promoting german colonialism, far flung lands, their towns, cities, and inhabitants. 3 color photography was

a revolutionary development. and this was the 1st time it was put to use to generate popular support for germany's colonial ventures. the then get to my, most of them come because there was always a holiday feeling when we visited my grandparents window, grandad would say he was going to get hurt the heavy before, you know, and these things really were a terribly heavy with touch. keep put it on the tables, i'm coming and we looked at the pictures page by page try gamma. every time it was i don't when we had time, it was a very special and emotional numbers on the talk. and of course the tell us stories too. i know you're really impressed by the pictures um and see mine or in march 19 o 9. will that bill meyer set out on a steamship run by a hamburg based colonial shipping company? is destination german, south west africa today used and then maybe the german photographer compiled

a private photo album documenting his travels between black and white images among them. his arrival in swap moaned the main port serving the german colony. so he also kept a diary made public here for the 1st time. german south west africa was not his 1st stop on the continent, but it was a disappointing one. i must confess. one cannot possibly imagine a story a sight, and in the sandy deserts with houses, with not a single tree or shrub. little missus, henning! the attorney's wife broke out in t is when she saw her new home. i could not think of anything more saddening than having to live here. come minutely on the coast, the

kansas reggie touch. people generally knew very little about the colonies dimension . that's hardly any one had actually seen that. and reports was pretty rare. i'll yeah, said the who spend a lot to speak the population of germans and all the colonies together with 25000. so vanishingly small, as we so go back to maya was sent to africa, where he effectively served as the p r, director of germany's colonies working for berlin publishing house. and with the backing of the german authorities, he travelled across the continent. his job was to produce color photographs, showing germans the beauty of their distant colonies. the primary focus was human subject who had been categorized by european anthropologist . it was the 1st time that germans saw color images of african people

the for the fee, but i'm going to include in your honest vic, photography was essentially a colonial tool, different and assessed to redeem the picture serve to demonstrate the supposedly history scientific. so there's hierarchical differences between people and culture, money system, and they also serve to degrade individuals into type 0 and based on exterior features. minds with taping head up to varying butyl, gets their shift flushed. and when run guns, which these for the politic find logistics ideas of race was very important for jim and colonial policy in particular. they were all pervasive to seen in advertising valve. the image reused was strongly influenced by the belief that the quote unquote european race was superior to others in the past that point your opinions

were at the top of the hierarchy in the so here i see you own state or the photographs that little minor delivered were precisely what his employers wanted. they showed the indigenous population of africa as being comprised of a variety of tribes and ethnic groups to differed in terms of appearance, character, and degree of civilization. the escape images are flushed, a loan of dance. how many of man, that's the advice of one of that was the notion of the family of man follows the whites mine up at the thompson as ideas and all other colors. lower down the asians in the middle, and at the bottom on god black people, some by then on the newest,

wrong you. so what the son, for example, referred to us for sherman. right. and then we'll all manner of series intended to prove this series. now, see mazda on the scientific of costs with construct, but back then, i think what considered scientific fact by anthropologist and ethanol logistics room, you can opt was known as wisdom shaft. the top did one. this is the lutheran church in windows, then. and now the both on the on demand and then any other place to live here in winter hook. heart mine isn't historian, born in and maybe ask german born he literally moved here 30 years ago and is a former director of the national archives of lynch. as experts of colonial history . they're familiar with low myers photos, a 120 as because you know what that's here, and that's once you get this, you can make up all kinds of stories. and now these could be anybody arose one or

just as easily of an boys and the children. well, there's no way of saying that then, now my children time is this was probably on a fun, old valley and a half w i to a settlement with the white ernest workers lived while the i lived with his herero wife. yeah, i think there was often a certain degree of estimate makes things a ignition of the us. i was looking good. invited us, good for good reason. so you to the information in parts it to the farmers in 5 months. i'm because the phone you were told to recruit people from different ethnic groups as it's me and i understand by dc and you'd be getting and then you're going far as they supposedly didn't go on with each other. yeah. so then they'd be easier to control. and so if there were a lot of dubious mis being told about these pictures to discriminate against me. so then i'm on the do quite a good job with the boss to go and extend that. i've had that set hasn't got too much to have an issue and we just didn't. he didn't take

a stereotypical shot. did you? did? she just has a pleasant appearance of a, but anyone could claim she's a boss to go as i've mentioned if she could also be a nominal number, falls on a decent text. the text accompanying the pictures in this book were not written to accompany the picture. the same ones and the teachers were just added in the life signs on, on the pillows and thought, oh, we don't, i'm gonna hang on, especially the mazda mazda and see if we, it's will be a resource to the same degree as a certain post cards. and circulation bikes, the ends of the individual portrait shots are dignified, which is surprising when you think about the other kinds of photos from that title . and the done thing for this is on super to go see to that side, god as a logical for treats head on and side on for depicting suppose a racial types. when was it? so really the case of low meyer, this is by no my, i just need to fire the photos are

considered to have artistic value. they're still published and posted today, sometimes on websites with decidedly non artistic agendas, maintenance items. there are websites that clearly exhibit an astrology longing for the sierra and these pictures future heavily there. then the guns close all at a time of growing digitalization and interesting german colonial history. little miners, photos are in the joining a renaissance, usually in the absence of any contextual information. the jesus must have buddhist and one of the vehicles scott pictures quite still have a powerful impact that would be especially due to their context free circulation online. whether for illustrating wikipedia entries or in postcard collections, they automatically reproduce the colonial list and races narratives contained in

the images coordinate. these photos were created tech within the context of an equal power structures of interest. i'm a little bit low, maya was born in like sagan, 1879, but went to high school in berlin. the product of a typical and middle class upbringing us compared to get an ide. so you guys up and you can come months as you by email. it's, you know, funds. notice i was born in live c as in. so i'm self as a berliner. i'm was very proud of his little accent of this. we spoke very quickly and was like streamline la quinta and quick witted on the 0 the, the government contract for this. now, does discoveries i'll probably fall suits you to is relatively small stature. now as i'm losing the unsafe teeth. well, he was 5 good for at most i'm almost as he so he had to depend on his with others to be up. so myer decided to embark on the same different careers

in 190 to get enrolled at the royal technical college in berlin. their legendary german photo chemist at all for me to was one of them is lecturers that you need to presented a ground breaking invention. the 3 color camera, the photos, quotes into the home and quotes in the toilet up and inside of the software site. if you want to take 3 photos in quick succession coffee, which then probably meant for 2nd, i'm gonna turn it in photography. so back then, don't have to really stay still for a number of seconds. so it was, i'm trying not to bring up venus from it. and oh, actually i'm fun on. um, yeah, i think that's what keeps these photos that statics, you know, stopped, isn't caught the meat. his invention involve the subject being captured on 3 plates

through red, green, and blue filters with the color photo resulting from the 3 exposures. in 19 o, 3 meter demonstrated his invention to kaiser vill him the 2nd, the german monarch was thrilled. the afternoon for to go see the cooling alex punishment for the whole power. so when to introduce them to include the say, invention of photography coincided roughly with europe's colonial expansion and the emergence of ethnology with all 3 influencing, one another. vicious and photography wasn't incredibly important tools as it were mostly for communicating and disseminating the colonial concept item. the school in young duncan's the hands of hotel in swat up phones was a hot spot for colonial high society in german south west africa. lo maya saw his job as a patriotic one, and his academic title helped get into monsters. class differences at the time was considered acceptable and

government and offices circles. otherwise, they would have just said that some photographers from germany the smoke of moving the colonial rulers, working to set up a home away from home within a short space of time, they built a strikingly authentic replica of a small germantown men void english to so and based on the basically they wanted to create a kind of superior jim, anita, and as was typical for colonial enthusiasts in the mid 19th century to she didn't really captions and what they were left with instead, well, was rule material produces act commercial markets on showcase buildings and then i, instead of creating a mini empire, the only day now was more about establishing rule making local people went to the gym and, and i ended the storage because i all right,

so lawson lo myers assignment was to show the colonies working well in was splendid colour essentially propaganda for a german empire along the british lines off by the including the one where they might be to hang on to the colonial administrators was constantly citing breton brought the a being to be, be cool in phoning and running launch colonies and making profit from them to covina, hosted scene and subtract india. was it for that size and seeing that you and then the crown of the british empire as a was something they never achieve as if it was, it was the prime example to follow. i us to slide some guns closest for that you know, forward to the german colonies, germany's the leading anthropologist of the time qu, stuff that you like and advances and photography to the progress brought by german colonial rulers to the african subject. the book was

a huge success. the kinds are ordered his own personal copy. the luxury edition costs 200. 20 wrecks marks. almost a 3rd of the average annual income of the time. of popular edition costing 3 marks, 50, sold a phenomenal 60000 copies of the best seller nick clooney. i'd the guys to go see my grandfather was pro colonial for nelson the over at st war mongering center for the adult to the vocabulary of the time. the boys doing everything for him in carrying them through the jungle with a sedan chair. when i was a boy, i would see my grand i'd just like to do this. that important, above all, was having a decent neck and a dependable black orderly. which for the local chieftains, in effect, may be a guest of the government. the primary difficulty, of course, was keeping the caravan together. the riding back, i occasionally administered

a few blows of encouragement with a heap of hide with an instrument with its weight in gold. here, its appearance alone works one. this one is twice without a doubt to count. racism was a core element of colonialism. it was essentially integral part of thinking in that era, inside the africans were not seen as the future fellow citizens, like campbell ruined born marching people. they go in 19 o 2 became a city train conductor in berlin. africa was associated with on change nature, adventure and romance. books with low myers photos, referred to negroes and their place in contemporary racial theory. some examples, each rate should keep to its own an old phrase based on manifold experience that finds for the confirmation. here. to this day, the bushman wondering evidently in the grasslands exist on the lowest conceivable level of humanity. the life of the bushman is indeed reminiscent of that of animals

in the wild. what is conspicuous, however, is the difference in facial shape between the back tomorrow and the over herero to the broad angular head of the despised clip cover. then this striking narrow head of the almost herero the master was in many cases, almost semitic like features scot off, the flushed. and that was also the notion that your opinions have the right to rule over other people's because they were at the top of this racial hierarchy. a notion went on china and russia and those other peoples and societies which a works of in your opinion, man, be subordinate to him on science or in addition to the native individuals to based in accordance with racial theory. little matters, photo was also depicted the colony as a paradise with

a solid infrastructure and rest taking landscapes. the d. which tv spits the buddha from the motives featured in full bath low myers photos, spoke a very familiar visual language for people back home to in terms of their composition. i met with design as of the beta, the photos i'll show landscapes and architecture chef. and i stick to and good side of math over to the often featuring imperial infrastructure and buildings such as churches and the composite sort of the composition wasn't many cases being comparable with picture postcard that people knew from germany or other places in europe, deutschen. a passion or i can come to shortly before christmas and 190. 7 old. that little myer disembark from the steamship a, a is destination low. may the capitol of tow go in. west africa considered an

exemplary colonial project. i dressed up in my pristine wife finery and drove proudly to the governor, a new and expensive whole construction touch with a globe like the th still back on, on life. so you just offset the cocoa as a media is an expert in colonial history at the university of lou may, due to scheduling our interview, had to take place via video call. and it's best buy's been funded. the take the example, the roommate is our prospects and it has the streets, buildings in the district that went by the german named luma mission truck. not in the little me. city was exclusively european sale of a nice a population. i had to live on the outskirts and what was called low midland. numerous times in lumina, as wouldn't how compromised what about they did build

a couple of hospitalized time. you should know for your opinions only their own. then as well as for medical treatment for the indigenous population events, they were sent to shante buildings in the vicinity of the hospital. give this house is a back and then they, there's congress. so that's right, that's all the photos taken by little my own. should germans exploiting the colony for the benefit of the german empire? i will send germans in general. yeah. then those are those surprised to him? so i said that those i think of my to go was considered germany's model colony for the commercial trading companies and plantation owners who set up a business there, a peaceful and lucrative prospect to go back. yeah, i was pointing squarely from 0 to accept tuvell colonies was more about exploitation then. said to me, yes, i will step down with in german eyes. it was a model currently the doable y and z i. so the work done by toby leaves helped

ensure that germany no longer needed to invest economically in the colon as not to release the r buys on the war. absolutely, by depriving upstairs the mission of house to did shop please. as a, in the quarterly invest jim, it's autumn alternative perspective. my perspective twos of mine are perspective in this model, colony was only beneficial for the german rulers. so as of right, even getting done. why suffered hardship from colonial rule and allied skin with our work only serving the power of the colonized on how we have to add to the severe detriment of peoples how, why it's on their own societies isn't prize said to last me directly said shots when so right now, this book spoke the literally only of the ciocca leaves the wheel as an e to him,

as is the winch, the potter's wheel, the cart, the use of working animals for the plough in these things is a 1000 years behind the white man and the yellow race lo meyer, too believed in the idea of a civilizing mission in this world, whiteman held all the power and to good. these women were reduced to possessions and sex object. the new white man bought himself a young girl. and in the evening, the black woman called mommy, appeared punctually on the veranda. a few days later, i to my surprise, determined that there was likewise a black, something or other offering itself outside my door. i still had no inkling that this was a customer, a gift for guests. since i had absolutely no appetite for this kind of chocolate, i asked my eyes to refrain from such hospitality in future the

i'm from home gave eyes included in your listeners. i'd say it's a strange understand initially having an indigenous woman as a mistress with something the white colonial level just to the ground in that i was the it was part and parcel of back home quest for to move a time for them with that id was increasingly subject to subject to race or a white mind co, hesitating with an indigenous woman. would it be said to have been i'm, it's gone native and again and for all to so i'm leaving verdant cove at low. my also visited, utilize the 2nd most important part in the colony was also home to a little germany complete with all the trappings, as can still be seen today. the

sharp island meals utilize was the sight of a concentration camp set up by german colonial troops. over 1000 nama starved and froze to death here, no little myer photos document. these events of the ro, nama rebellion started in 19 o. 4. the german response was brutal and turned into a systematic genocide of 80000 herero some 65000 were killed together with half of the numbers 20000 strong population. the

to day, the crime is commemorated by a memorial in wind hook in its day the bloody clothing of the rebellion was also the subject of fierce debate back in germany. they would serve just a key issue in the parliamentary elections of 1907. both of germany's most popular political parties condemned to the colonial armies, actions none. the less these events went on mentioned by lo meyer and his travel ox 2 bedroom is due to is it some deemed use the input additional was none of that? so and finish another speech indicating them just did a full sized lo, myers photos presented a completely different mixture and safe space. so it says an item, one of peaceful colonies, lunch of safety and a vast landscapes. i am the occasional inhabitant to architecture and clear

composition and giving the colonies a shot and i didn't feel as an adult, the vast landscapes, towns, and villages with familiar architecture, the colonies were depicted as a pleasant place to live. despite the reality that launch swabs were barren wilderness low myers photography delivered and advertising world ideas. the leader of its railway line connected the port town with the interior and the number of desert no meyer was among the passengers in his own carriage. the train would stop where ever he commanded for him to take his pictures. among his stops was on school. a small settlement in the middle of the desert. this until now middle 9 small town audits fame to the discovery of diamond fields,

incentive comments comp. aside from a number of pictures, and then amid the only point of interest to you with the various stages of diamond mining, comans comp was a backwater full of nuva rich colonialists, who had their bath water delivered from south africa. in soda bottles. the diamond to boom brought prosperity to the barren selves of the colony. the settlers built themselves everything from ball rooms to bowling alleys. the the precious stones made a select few wealthy, but the colonial settlements were largely subsidized. undertaking the stores that i had left in this mia store, you data. ultimately a german empire invested more money from tax revenues in the colonies than it's ever earned from them. so those certain companies were able to become extremely

wealthy. the that i should be able to close with phosphate trading from the pacific and let's see, fake, make them deal on a diamond trade the real way to. so for example, by scripts either the size of the fia. and so there were companies and they are shareholders from colonial investments, where he strongly look british house clinton busy. a product is as easy as hawkeye say, i'm clicking sign in 1909 little bit low. my arrived in german, east africa. the pearl of germany's colonies mount kilimanjaro celebrated at the time as germany's highest mountain was among the highlights on visitors, travel like january and unforgettable sights, africa, and snow combinations. so strange that the me, somebody who 1st reported it to you of the 30 years ago was declared insane. the most picturesque black people live to you, the circle a mess i black would actually be the room would. they would dark brown and had

a wonderful warrior jewelry. i was most glad to be able to record this be truly a tribe to the messiah, or for low my or the pay to me of the noble african, or is described in the book. the aristocratic cast of the native population, the scouring a group of mercenaries from various parts of africa, likewise enjoyed a reputation as excellent soldiers and dependable allies. some would fight for germany in the 1st world war. in what is now tends in the, the dream of realizing a breeder style empire seemed possible. the german regime was competing directly and in its own eyes on equal footing with it to europe and rival in neighbouring can. yeah. then let's neon for them. asked medically, is that it was a very prevalent id or in the run up to the 1st world war to the gym and colonial

company managed to win know for a lot of people with it and less promotional campaigns and events. i understand from in don't feeler mentioned galvan and had to infuse, if you didn't read sort. and in the years before the war was this notion of rivalry became hugely important. together with the idea of being a global power on its own months is even off as fed march. first in march, nationalistic propaganda played a major role among the competing colonial powers. racist stereotypes were frequently deployed to mean both the colonized and competing european nations. the skip this yeah, and look for the dosh, don't touch it was injured. see seamless example of system se, with a satirical magazine that compare the various european colonial powers, particularly in very vivid terms. german and colonialism has been trained as

peaceful and next to the beloved thursday belgians before the capitalist exploitative. cumulus proposed by tungsten, palest, must file the interracial sexual next thing. and portuguese colonialism was also a friend of on 6 really t, it's, it's been cooling, that this was difficult to be used in different germany. these comparisons were in court, had this kind of ice, those cabinets and all the, the 1st world war in europe killed millions and so on. the collapse of the monarchy in germany with it ended germany's aspirations to a global empire. the former german colonies were taken over by france and britain back home. that was widespread shame over the presence of black occupying troops on german soil,

especially the french infantry group that had fought in the trenches on the western front. the this man, just a minute. you're going to get after national hinge questions and get to us a deliberate humiliation when this is met with a p s position of including organized protests by associations in britain and the us as of this law. and that i'm running side. the idea of a white population being gaudy and commanded by black men was unimpressed a dentist and considered an absolute with this. so as a natural order in kid, an opportunity can for his most of the task. that one is even the left wing satirical publications in germany, such as collateral, dodge and sublet says most joined the propaganda war against the so called black infamy fielding races, notions of the murderous, sexually violent black man races,

colonialist cliches were present in both political discourse and popular culture nothing's equal in, in him to get his estimate success with the loss of the colonies after the 1st of all, the more specific debates in the volume, our republic it's on, it's centered on colonial resolution. this got to be doing this was going to be, i wish that extent lo, miners, photos enjoyed or revival writing a wave of postwar colonial nostalgia already popular picture postcard motifs. in the 1920s, the images also reappeared in a special edition book, marking the birth of german colonialism. the subsequent nancy regime, i amplified the revisionism of the final republic, yet again, instrumental ising, the photos is keep to see if he mentioned there are a lot of people sitting in germany. some scientists and primarily known academics

behind the quinn says the anti semitism was different from the racism shown towards africans, for example. but i believe that these 2 phenomena are very closely connected with men difficult to find the most outside of the defining ideology. if the nazi movement was anti semitism, it is most fond. of course, there was an intrinsic name to the racism against black p motion of sayings to football, not 30 years after low myers 1st trip is photos were featured again in the 1937 book german africa ended future. 4 years later, another book followed our wonderful old colonies. the images had been incorporated into non c id, ology, dakota, in yod interest to new nieland's use, the assets were counting on the not fees. they hopes that they knew. hitler regime would enable the re establishment of the colonial empire. alfonso kind of in that

side is nothing. issac philips was a leap buddha of the couldn't united side of you to know the city. nazi errors saw a resurgence of colonial era images. there were re issues of old magazines and illustrated books and the colonial era pictures enjoyed a renaissance with the nazis happy to make use of that imagery. and it's inherently racist. narrative, dean and process as one of the chief irish cables and the photos were the same. some of the accompanying texts were revised with unmistakable references to the ignominy of the 1st world war defeat. the nazi publishers deployed racist stereotypes to appeal to readers longing for the old colonies. a manhattan doctors visits each item for life, say, well heading to integrate all the colonial into use yet got into not see audiology . they were also plans for a restoration of the overseas empire and the hot, which was only abandoned in 1942 as nonsense vine footage of the game. but when the

2nd world war broke out, well that little meyer was 60 married, was 2 sons. and with his own company, he would never return to the former colonial territories, but memories and momentos of africa remained the same publisher to settle his mind against the can type big nice guy, he just delivered how you did companies my entire childhood. the apartment was teeming with animals, was ex, chameleon aquariums, and apparently even a monkey acquired by my grandmother. although it had to be removed for being too wild, be plus reptiles. and what have you seen? a real menagerie as my now and so you give me nationally and i am kill us us the apartment. was it viable while they were in the basement?

do you go to vicar blossom, give a foot, come. my grand parents survived uninsured to and was immersed to face a pile of rubble house and the remainder of their home for them should call from dias to bonham. but on the slide, isaac has come in the cabinet of curiosities and memories of africa. you know, nicely come onto does how he was devastated when i get off the after the 2nd or will that little milestone to the company, specializing in forensics. you previously run an agency that marketed photos of the german colonies including his own black and white shots. his pioneering color photos were no longer a source of income as the rites belonged to the publisher. to month to mendoza, john come and i remember how i left my grandparents place. there were still things lying around that they'd solve theirs from that really forgotten and figure. but

the visual imagery he helped to create lives on creating a picture of africa whose legacy is ongoing to this day the. this hot sign in hintock one is an old colonial image. are you still with us today? by that you can find it everywhere from advertising to musical level. it has little to do with reality in africa. but he does manufacture nice looking pictures. it should've been conveys that venture. i'm to exhaust just as an ex or take on to send you out. documented up for your current debates over racism and cultural appropriation offer an opportunity to reassess historically important photos like those taken by a whole. that little maya a i'm so i'm so items for the amendment indeed and a responsible approach to the pictures would be firstly of a critical reprisal. i'm quite the seeing and marking them within their context and

would be even if we as a museum, exhibit an image with an accompanying text. we're still reproducing the visual content on to one possible approach would be to counter these visual narratives with other images by creating counter images as it works as to these colonial impressions and bit of a the 1st color photos of africa are now over a century old they will always represent a milestone in the history of photography and all that flow maya a pioneer in this field. but to date, the circumstances of these photos creation and their use must be contextualized and commented upon. if they are to be shown responsibly, they are important witnesses to german, colonial history, the imperialist era, and the legacy of racist ideology, the the

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