the best and find out adult bailey story. info, migraines, reliable news for migrants. wherever they may be. the the minuscule world of quantum particles might be foreign to most of us, but not for the scientists currently using them to build a super computer. i can live i, nobody knows what quantum computing really means, but it is going to change us to see a place for them to it's champions. quantum computers are a pioneering development and a game changer. if type of a quantum computer can open up an array of amazing possibilities. the scale of computer power enables us to solve problems that we are not yet even able to

formulate formally it. it's many applications include, simulating all the tools a ground breaking advance and the development of new drugs. quantum computing is still in its infancy, but is set to one day revolutionize scientific research. the what looks like a computer chip made of plastic is in fact a model of a human long scientist that us with start up our aiming to tackle diseases faster with the help of a super computer. nino whole be founded alvarado lex together with you on extra k their work, one than the 2022 swift med tech award. the team here use a pet to transfer human long cells to a thin porous membrane. the cells can then be activated mechanically to mimic

a real long copy. yes. so i wanted to see were able to simulate the cells by recreating the environment of the human body and the plastic chips would not be able to study them cheap. and they want this little piece office enables us to simulate miniature organs that are far more similar to the real thing than any other options currently available. also a little so 2 thoughts be more similar then with in vitro testing or animal experiments, the researchers say the mach miniature alone will make it easier to design new drugs made to come on and things like the surface escape. the drug development process takes around 10 to 15 years. to begin with, you test a huge number of molecules and petri dishes, the solar, although they're, the cells aren't really liked, they are on the human body months. so there are no 3 d layers or forces of attraction, for example in so it's a very basic set up. now, you can change you later,

move on to animal experiments and conduct tests for saves and toxic properties all by the entire process as extremely involved. especially when you think about the animal testing required. and this is where our technology comes in and unsuccessful . no. it's hope. the miniature long will enable researchers, most notably at pharmaceutical companies to speed up the drug testing process. it is here, we have the entity in selves and then you have the pnc. so the news, so it's really on top of your actually did you do and then click on the sofa near or you can determine far earlier whether a particular molecule is effective and whether there are side effects and it will. so humans enables you to optimize the process and ultimately lower cost, so that it by $500000000.00 fonts for drug, according to studies. so maybe some things that are already possible today could be

done even faster and more efficiently with the technology, while also rendering animal experiments redundant. so you, for you sort of feed much i can put on the company's aim is to help in the development of better medication and the reduction of side effects for patients in all of the things. we also want our technology to help reduce or eliminate animal testing hold. so these are see animal experiments are simply not adequate predictors whether i drug actually works with humans today. need for this august asked see if we can submit the come on to the most come to come to me was my doctoral supervisor who originally got me interested in quantum computing. that's open. i'm thinking and i'm still there today on the call back when i started studying physics at 0 technical university. nobody was talking about it. i'd never heard of it. dominic's in booley is a researcher and lecturer at the university of basil,

specializing in quanta. they are the smallest units of energy known to scientists, but with properties that would make conventional bit based. computers looked distinctly primitive in them all that and i submitted a regular computer with regular computing power performs one calculation for time units or clock cycle and quantum physically so if you have countless calculations being performed in parallel, if you need extreme the best way to sort of the highest for all the be spanish. the prime example is the factor is ation. as a very large number of states in this case of the quantum computer quickly arrives at the results by simultaneously trying to divide by all possible numbers called a classical computer processing. a number with several 1000 digits would take as long as the universe is old. now and also long ago we saw in the bathroom. all these at the same problem can be solved by a quantum computer in a matter of hours or even seconds. so what actually are quantum, exploring this mysterious living world requires us to think in the smallest

possible dimensions, smaller still than adams. at this tiniest imaginable scale, the classical laws of nature no longer apply, and something fascinating happens. quanta can exist in different states and in different places. at the same time, the quantum theory was pioneered in the 1920s by the likes of albert einstein and evan shutting up. they used thought experiments to illustrate these apparent paradoxes that stretch the limits of our imagination. the evans, who didn't know was an austrian physicist, primarily known today because of a cat. more specifically, an experiment that he, fortunately never carried out in practice. he imagined a cat and a box together with a device that would have a $5050.00 chance of releasing

a deadly poison in the next hour. according to quantum theory, the cat is then simultaneously both dead and alive, the but only provided we don't check inside the box. and the quantum mechanics system mere observation influence as the actual state inside. we cannot make an assessment without looking, including whether the cat is dead or alive. what sounds absurd was a demonstration of the conundrum at the heart of quantum mechanics. simultaneously different states at the quantum level are not compatible with accepted laws of nature. and this little world particles can be linked or entangled with each other, while at the same time being in different states and places. and that simultaneity can be calculated. for the source, it's a state that can be called mathematical superposition for simultaneity. when i did

glance the data to the represented as wave function sign comprises a coefficient for an upward spin plus another coefficient for a downward spin. but of course, this is i'm alternating stickly safety and that's how you can imagine a cubic, an arrow pointing in a random direction. you'd be getting sticking, boom. hope to i guess on the 6th of sofas. quantum or cubits are the building blocks of a quantum computer. the while a normal computer process has information and bits, as ones or zeros cubits have both values. at the same time, it's comfortable to a flip coins where you don't know whether it will land heads or tails the before these cubits can be controlled and used for calculations. they have to be in

mobilized. that in turn requires a complex procedure in which they are cooled down to temperatures, otherwise seen in outer space around a minus $270.00 degrees celsius for the surface area helps to again exchange the heat. so the, so the cold liquids for pumping out this cooling, the re convincing requirements of somebody that we can actually then do the experiments at temperatures down to 10 milligrams. so compared to, you know, for calvin, this is something like 400 times in temperature, ph. d students here at the university of basil are assembling a small quantum computer with a small number of cubits. the aim is to deploy the technology for a variety of applications once it's been fully developed. quantum computers would then simulate molecules, for example, leading to the development of new drugs and the elimination of deadly diseases.

another potential application is renewable energy storage. the of the technology has already brought benefits to logistics operations. the introduction of quantum algorithms has helped to increase the speed and capacity of cargo movement at the port of los angeles. as a result, the facility now operates more efficiently and with less energy. quantum computing seems to have a highly lucrative business potential for years now. a range of tech companies including google and ibm and a nation state players like china have been in a rigs to build the 1st high performance quantum computer. the money invested in research is in the billions

a switzerland has a different approach. uptown, basil infinity uses private sector funding to provide companies with free access to american quantum computers. the hub is called quantum basil and is headed by dom you're bogged and proclaimed the list of all the industry. the problems facing industry is are getting increasingly complex. all is not due to the use of artificial intelligence as a factor of course may nothing. but when you eventually reach certain limits and it reaches its limits, then you have to think a couple of steps ahead and how many things change that seem to be cancelled on the good artificial intelligence applications could been far more efficiently on quantum computers to, to go and when i say efficiency, and i mean not only computing speed i but also energy efficiency, if each ends the hump works with

a hybrid system. combining conventional and quantum computers start ups in the program can turn to ibm credit like flow to for advice on tackling their problems. and on thinking outside of the box task one was meant, the 1st thing is to break down the individual issues and look at which specific quantum algorithm is it all relevant, a demand and as quantum is a completely different kind of calculating. it enables you to give a problem, it's a complete re, things that people plan for how to find a new approach. so it's an extended well, this involves what we call the quantum state of mind. but that quantum state of mind and the sum 40 studies have already been conducted on the basis of the quantum computer with the purpose of simplifying and accelerating the development of medication. vixen emitted tenants and has, has in both medicine and health care because we're seeing

a significant increase in the data available. i'll go ahead, oh, you did it also in the range of data dot. is it some of the payments, data bits, data for fitness, tractors, fitness data and medical records, and so on, concoct onto the tons of fault when i asked processing the complex correlation between all of those data data requires the kind of computing power. the classical computers struggle to achieve that plus your ass law, and that is where quantum computers have real potential. you, of course, important. so an example from the pharmaceutical industry to data researchers have covered just one percent of all potentially active molecules for drugs to speak or to college. and this is reflected in cancer treatment, for example, to only one and 3 patients respond directly to drug based therapy style p. the so far it's um we alternatively won't be able to resolve all of these challenges with

quantum computing printer. but we're confident of being able to help with some of that, and it's not from this, you know, past a coffin further south and burn the team at how the lakes are hoping to resolve. one of those problems in the very near future quantum computers can be used to evaluate huge amounts of data, providing detailed insights into a patient's genetic makeup, a small scale replica of a loan or another. oregon is designed to deliver more effective treatments for cancer patients. we don't know yet, which of the different types might be effective? it's coming to through these thinking you could look at the genome and wonder what the best one for the patient is and maybe make a customized comp trial. the patient might been stalling, send them, you know, therapy, and when they have a break, that's when we can take your tissue sample altima. it data to cut my own skin baby for the bucks here to placing the sample onto our old and on ship. we would then

try out a new coach sale you said that would have a picture of fix when the patient goes for the next treatment. has what's especially crucial for cancer patients is minimizing aside to fix. instead of additional suffering, you want them to be safe and getting the most effective medication available. and that's where we can help if it's distributed commit to picking up the committee. at the same time, i'll be alex wants to help eliminate animal testing from pre clinical studies. the decades animal experiments have been standard procedure in the development of new drugs. with rodents, the most widely used species in switzerland alone labs performed tests on over half a 1000000 animals a year. the fastest teenage medias to objective is to reduce animal experiments. they asked me to come either

a large number of drugs that are on the 16th with the human genome and human cells making animal test 0 advantage conflict. i had somebody to come in. so i would say the drugs don't even reach the mockers because they don't prematurely, in the pre clinical study. phase one bus. our aim is not removing all of them from the markets, but as long as shooting the most severe tests where the animals are under stream pain and your risk offerings experiments with. so there are 2 levels of $3.00 and $4.00. the about ops us a call. my nonsense, we're very optimistic about helping to make this happen. they'll soon stick with the whole, from the middle say about because on the but in europe, their efforts space a hurdle. the european medicines agency refuses to grant approval for drugs without animal testing beforehand. in the united states, however, a bill passed in 2020 to remove the requirement for animal tests prior to market approval. and a proposed update on that legislation would also allow tests to using computer

models or artificial organs. there is already large scale research in the us on this front as seen at the cleveland clinic in the state of ohio. the latest break through there is an in house quantum computer, the it's the 1st quantum computer in the world to be uniquely dedicated to health care research. and its work will be much appreciated. given the clinics, $10000000.00 patient visits per year. john r smith is a senior research writ ibm and highlights the dividends from the vast amounts of medical data. this has the potential to drive our pace of progress to addressing the important disease challenges that were facing and challenges and, and paid patient care. so much faster and to produce breakthroughs

and discoveries that will be absolutely essential for all of us. in march 2023, the clinic officially unavailable to its treasured quantum computer it c o. welcome to guests from cleveland and further afield. a thank you very much. we're bringing something new to organization or something new to the world. the quantum computer system, one, it sounds a little bit sense fiction that is right behind me is the most advanced computational technology and computational platform that exists. we're very excited because it is going to allows us to advance research advanced discovery, advanced medical care. but we also very excited because it will create

a lot of jobs among the guests invited to the event was the mere bug didn't from quantum basil and uptown basil which is no coincidence. the us as the leading market and the development of quantum computers and uptown as a partner of ibm for the moment stage. and most of all, the sure things think and australian think tank published the studies, citing 44 technologies that will change the world that i'm, that once within a few and in china is already leading and 37 of them nights in c. no theater, just behind on the i'm for the and one of the remaining 7 where the us as a had it says the field of quantum computing or the old style speech clumped to compute the bad news for the new to with a failed partnership agreement making cooperation more difficult the in china for the st. so was it for the decision by switzerland or, or the you that switzerland can not be involved in the horizon program. it only

means we have to find someone else to work with me to being somebody all this whole time. if it doesn't mean of turn, basil is no longer interested in your opinion. partnerships spots to show that we are in the us a lot because of all that's happening there last spring up down balls with a movie that we do with another attraction for the company. executive is the silicon valley mentality. a world away from the conservative risk averse approach in switzerland to all the things movies ag, ahead treat. c v that said meet switzerland does have a lot of strong points to that pretty beyond 30. we have really research in this area, in bottles and at the p. s o and direct technical university. always menus for these specially phase what we're missing. sometimes it's a proper climate for startups to grow in this the startups and that's a lot better in the us should be supposing of doing this either way. so the quantum computers evolution to data promises incredible opportunities in the future. but scientists and universities are more cautious about developments

quota put them to always the, to the so there's a risk of it perhaps taking longer and a certain problems coming up at all to provide a building a quantum computer that can immediately solve gigantic problems. won't be easy to proclaim holidays, it doesn't mean that it will have to be one step at a time. so maybe that today's computers took many, many years of the development of con, i'm so sorry, and quantum computers will likely be the same finish and need 10 years or more to complete. lang right now, we're still researching the basics of the heat segment. all the forces for the grown little bit more cubits means more computing power. the ibm quantum computers and commercial use today have 433 of them. although currently fewer research is still focused on the physics of the individual cubits. increase the cubits the same . some cubits are relatively easy to make some bible. there are already computers with 100 or 1000. the limits substances and plans for reaching 10000 or 100000.

that's within it. the problem is that the quality isn't good enough yet, but it will be for the relatively high frequency of mistakes and calculations salt . but notice that there's no point having as many cubits as possible. now if they're not good enough with fluid also, then we'll just call it a new, a major improvement because it's including work on individual doc, or a smaller number of companies, cubits cubits. so both uh and in this class to, to have what the race is totally open up. some of the ricks technical university is another center of cubic research professor of theoretical physics. renato renters says that the development of the quantum computer has still barely begun to receive them, basically for quantum computers or at a similar stage to early transistors. if you're still very big vehicle in the cube, the $100.00 cubits might together take off from the space of a mass of experiments table. with all the lab electronics, they look dish and it's not getting clear how we can scale it down to at some point impact millions of cupids, you know, into a small space. so you wouldn't have

a feasible working setup for you. it will pop from within the same follow up, but either of us may tie system. that doesn't mean we can't do it though that comparatively speaking, we're still in the vacuum to computer error, but i have both happen. but the thing called back then there was nobody talking about the internet or social media for social media. okay. don't see that we cannot get appreciate the potential data nor the dangers either of course of the type of known ico from the doctor or on doc forward enough to lift need. renato renner is familiar with the dangers of quantum computing. he gives lectures and cryptography data encryption hard to get into that prompt the computers and quantum computers really do pose a threat to today's data security. and the comb dish does more than we do a banking or using crypted communication in other context. so we need what's called and public key cryptography. so get onto the public key and that system will become completely and secure once we have quantum computers up and running. it's or was it

that with whoever has the quantum computer will have full and immediate access to all of that data. and that's a very concrete problem. so see, it is concrete specially so far a simple mathematical method has been sufficient to protect our data factor eyes ation. and i hope to see that some calculations are straightforward. you must say this 3 times 7 equals 2186. so you can see what if i turn it around and ask, right? so what are 2 numbers that give us that product? then i basically have to try out all possible combinations. but if it's all the nicholas depends with the numbers having up to a 100 digits, and i'll be added forever. give us an a because not even a computer that can process far faster. we'll be able to test all 100 digit numbers which day we can solve it due to a quantum computer. on the other hand, can try out the numbers in parallel and arrive at the result in a fraction of a 2nd. the implications have experts concerned as it seemed that the mc we're

relatively late to the game in the boot, because we know the secrecy of the data being encrypted has a very limited live, spat, and see if we should on the left, the seats in the things that i encrypt today using public key cryptography will be readable to good ones, the quantum computer existence, people with a comped to compute the exist. if this class about the data can then only be encrypted by again using the quantum computer in effect by beating the enemy at its own game. and this is how the center of the data generates cubits with the value of 0 or one. and then sends a completely random sequence of those cubits to the recipient. it serves as a key that only those 2 parties, no. of course someone could try to spy on the transfer. but this is where quantum mechanics enter the equation, the an attempt to enter or steps the cubits will now change them with

both center and recipient alerted immediately. so the key cannot be secretly copied or read. the actual encrypted message is not transferred until the key has 1st arrived on red. the problem is in technical terms, the idea is currently not really feasible. the decisive oldest age, meaning it sounds extremely difficult if not near impossible, but we know that it really does work, but it is expensive. i mean, it's main to boot cliff. the solution that is absolutely secure is going to cost a lot of money to good. i'd see, see if it's all them up as i'm looking at a long term horizons on not 10, but more like 40 or 50 years. and then it could be a solution. same holding something doesn't really succeed. and data security is not the only factor to consider in the long term. quantum computing still has a lot of obstacles to overcome, meaning that investors will have to be patient. hopefully it's

a thing that everyone is talking about quantum computing could be, but we can't expect to have this killer application in just a few years from now about your yeah, it's going to take a lot of development stages via an investment to get to the point where the application is actually available for you, the basement deep down the whole and above all time, do you have all the that in turn depends on investment home with your investment as far higher than we could have imagined a few years ago. so that is reason to be optimistic them have some little gimme, see a startups on there are startups and companies following the hype and eager to invest. and this future concept was good for them. hide 4005. the results of graduate studying physics and quantum computing have a range of jobs to choose from the various start of your sort of big tech firms, pursuing quantum computing projects are top. so the big tech to all the a quantum computing. pretty ext. uh, there's a huge number of options in the middle east type the problem statement saying that

the kindest on it for statement via to see if we can't imagine the changes involved it because the quantum leaps on the same goals but, and that's why we need moving shots is going on, can move shots, projects where you and even a direction where you can't lose sight of the vision to the fuel level. probably have to make a few adjustments along the way back look automotive, especially if it and that's not possible unless we find a new way of thinking that i'm a new employee and thank some of them. the, the moon. private companies are ready to go

off the move in safety. he is the has the gun again, but this time it's not just about to shoot with everything the moon has to offer as big money at stake, made in germany in 30 minutes on the w. the, the, [000:00:00;00]

the, this is the w. news lies from violin. enough food for 25000 people is delivered into northern garza, the world food program says it's that 1st come the way to reach the area in. we, as is ready for us, is allow 6 trucks to enter the territory using a new road crossing. we'll say, coming up on the program protests on the streets of hastings, capital people, or game external influence in the countries politics. as a leader resigns, amid growing violent and you know, make his look set to approve of groundbreaking,