i'm on a journey to find out about the roots of the 19 are to put you on the side for games for to see the rhonda. my name is some way to ship me. i'm assuming reshaping history. our documentary stops april 6th on dw, the young women in japan, breathing new like same to an old tradition, the any rock we looked at the impacts of climate change on house the. and we ask, why are we so hooked on lithium batteries? the,

to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how a battery actually works. and if you hear a battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is rechargeable, and made of lift them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery 2 wires and an l. e. d is simply terms it, but city a stays more controllable and or, or not. so julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you bought a lot of energy and you have various more ways you want to get out all this energy very fast. and you're going to go away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains an electron. this battery contains lithium graphite cobalt and

a liquid. batteries have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit electrons travel outside the battery along the circuit generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l a . b, in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk . when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process. either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons travel less and less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity. the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the

many reasons why lithium makes a great battery is that unlike lead or acid, lithium was only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great weirdly, is that it's super reactive so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and to put it in some water and see what happens. but them safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it, so it'd be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast that the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay? so, moment of truth, ooh. to understand why this

happens, we need to look at electrons again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the batteries able to charge faster, have a longer live site goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also winter when it comes to weight. all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the mass of machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plains. because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around, a match bar appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international

energy agency, demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 time is by 2040 australia is the top producer of lithium, followed by july. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the massive global demand in 2022, global with and production was at a 130000 metric tons. that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over 20000 metric tons. the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of it around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because those white gold is abundant doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means the demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up. for a while, others came down,

lithium just continued to increase. and mining itself comes with its own host of problems, extracting with them from rock or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from bright water that's mixed with minerals to day. the last just process is to evaporate these bright and well that in red shuttle bones, which had extremely large, let's say the 1000 times a football stadium. brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one ton of lithium into a lithium mining is already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause soil degredation and disrupt local eco system. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be reused, lithium, batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create

infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead batteries due to government regulation, 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology, but it's catching up with them. ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 killer tons per year. better lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt, which is mine and there hey, paula nodded conditions could be replaced with the nickel, manganese or iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphene. it's made by taking a layer of graphite just like this and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphene is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting,

and store more energy, which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds. and for good reason, the ones that thailand is now does it, the rock is one of the country's most affected by climate change. worldwide. temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick. ali who's saying is on his way to the local. well, around him, signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be

a rocks most fertile region. but the country has suffered a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left ali hussein's family is one of the few still here at the bottom of just 4 years ago. we find the land here, but trout has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up without farming. there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities, climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries have built a numerous dams leaving too little water for a rock down stream. because of the salty ground water, the children have source and open wounds on their skids. $10000.00, it's very painful. sometimes they're close to stick to the wings,

which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease like leach monotonous, is transmitted by sam slot and i thought i need some time being 2nd to transmit to the infection, which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali who's seen and his daughter's newer and saundra are lucky, or rocky, red crescent, has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h e. genre often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has felicia, my nice as an insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see tested today was a high. so let's do that in the side or how tim here on the laptop and this team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive, and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away. the rocky red crescent regularly travels across the country, visiting villages,

q and lulu. i shed the people are as little better off the village community has dug a well. she needs to get to the the ground water contains too much salt and solver . what's the question of this facility has changed their lives? it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 meters per hour are the sale unaided and to meet fit to drink height or how to him and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks in the region. i'm hoping on. the facility is a lifetime for people here. the red crescent technical partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage, which if often and what every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters. there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility, like there's many surrounding villages suffer from a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering. yeah,

that was the oldest. my way of living with climate change. awareness is important for children to, to hide on how to him and his team talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it as well. so far there open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and poisoning. you're done with all of i did them, some of the cold in the hot in know i'm about to deal. that's almost the summer that it just as an adult for them outside of head to show according to the un here . rock is the 5th most vulnerable country, the climate breakdown. it also has a rapidly growing population. that is a perfect example that we need to reinforce our health systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health. so the show systems that work with the over to well and with the climate change, that would be totally co ops if we don't know the preferred been better if we don't

send finance of resources. ali who's saying would like to stay here with his family . but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. 5 and my husband is sort of how the water you can see he was brought to us by car, 1000 leaders. everything we can do for us and our animals. that's not enough to mike our lead. hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country, like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq. the pollution resulting from burning oil gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah, that smelled and obesity, malaria, or alcohol binding fossil fuels,

produces toxic particles, tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes, cancer and diabetes. it's time fiction for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease. i'm suffering my struggle to breathe properly, to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has

a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at a hospital, the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move young beneficiary, good. what are you doing? perfect by products and i know please remove your mask. i think one more of them better. we have many patients, like pedro mazda and rebates, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, what seal pd, and they have those here you and in other hospitals, in lima, there's something in the castle is. what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked. we'll see what they're only very little. yes, the, the disease is similar. does that sound in other countries among heavy smokers and that is what it goes. we believe it is linked to environmental pollution also. so that conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean only think that because there's 2 of us going up on the field level that lima, it has more than $10000000.00 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry.

the in 2022 lima record the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements in lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts. peruvian company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the success. i'm also wondering if we zoom in on lima. we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow montrose and orange and red batch of a whole lot. the most critical value is 2.5, which means particulate matter of 2.5, mike chrome. it has and it must be know, and those are the finest particles,

the very small ones into the respiratory tract and then penetrate the human body some into the bloodstream. possible. so was again, using this data, city authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done because this environmental activists have spent years re forcing the hills around lima. the pacific ocean on one side, and the mountains on the other, or the capitals only natural borders. vegetation here traps, dust particles in suspended matter, helping to improve air quality. they have also installed a network of fug catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog.

this hello. this is crystal clear water? yes, i was not a by more than we diverted into collection point like this one here. how long it even use it for drip irrigation lee, most green long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements and industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city . the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities. health. local reforestation work has held kirby erosion, but it's not enough. we're not experts. a far wider scale effort is required do they need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization. so the enough, and so if one day lima were to no longer met many gas or pollutants, the plan would still be polluted. but make, i see, hold up and then we alone may not stop pollution or climate change afford effect

and we will be the ones who suffer your companies. you much a bit of his homework and most of which here with his doctors help pedro monta rebate has managed to reduce them of his pain. the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the bow at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. he knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking

the monsoons and i only take my hands off the horse. if i trust him completely. that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve. how he 1st met spade when he was 2 and she was 7 since then the 2 had been inseparable. growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am wearing prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yeah. booth. and it was thought to be good practice for the battle field. but her gelding spade is far too peace. loving for that one. okay, so you probably run away from the enemy. picking the smith put,

archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either. was a normal day. that's a really huge starts. you have. it's been ages since i've seen any that, so i look at a 50 percent. ok here in rude japan. it was to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all you, if we say in their early twenties are reinterpreting the centuries old tradition, the nation of that high high for look at me in this direction. saw. so that's right. just like that. so you have to stay flexible. when trainer, are you go coming more a started out 15 years ago, mounted archery was still a male domain. on the saturday i was that means i had to put up with

a lot back then they told the women had no business being here. and to see if i asked you all this, i'm in the sort of the even side. i don't want to even hear the words you up with somebody coming out of your mouth, but uh, you always have to put the boxes to talking to you when you're ready to push them up. the mountain archery might have died out in japan if it weren't for these young women's a to z. as in japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and that is what keeps her in the countryside of the the bus. suppose the other, some of those things. great. but more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again, still more was he talking about them, but it seems like it had less appealed for boys when you for the party equal to the optimal, it will probably soon be an all female support to the cutting that's up. i don't know if it comes with

a lot of it's given. the family has always supported her passion. she's been winning competition since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo know fabric. it was listed once to dazzle at the tournament the which one do you want one of the most guest coming. we'll give you sunday. then this one's for sunday. they're able to get used to another c on the main looks aren't my style. pink is out of the question. so many of our small town of toyota and boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part of the organizer gets from abroad,

rarely make their way here. but for iris, who say such computations are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom is to survive, it has to look good. so looking at what the hicks and you could come up today, the archers used to pick themselves read before they went into battle created and he will met with the next. why do the same now in this cause we have done this is the, the competition is almost exclusively female. rules requires 3 shots at full gallop . the archers have just fractions of the 2nd, the aim, the

show that's exhausting. the move them. it's not over for you yet. the still another round. it sounds of the one of the terms of your boost to me is that it's a sport that's open to everyone to just take on your medical women and men of all ages. you are assuming they're brave enough to attempt the wiles right and ready to compete against the very best the an honor that once again goes to ice listing the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people flight takes climate change, visit us on facebook. if you want the story behind the headlines,

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its majesty is breathtaking. the mika lifeline for south east asia on its banks, fertile rice patties feeding millions and splendid buddhist temples. mesmerizing tourists. witness the fascinating journey of discovery upon the econ. through laughs in 15 minutes on the w. because the best

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i mean obviously i know i know i might just do it and i'm hoping dw newport costs, thanks. trace amount, but it's actually about move join us as we travel around your, facing the history of every day of that. and that's something right around the world. no need to talk about justice subscriber id, listen to paul. gosh, that will take you along to the right. this, the shadows of these costs and video shed lights on the dog is devastating. colonial har is infected by germany across up, and he employed a score farms and destroyed lights. what is the legacy of this wide spread races, depression, today? history? we need to talk about the stories, shadows of german colonialism. the

this is the double your news live from the the you condemns russia's presidential election flooding. that's who sent extends his course a century roles following those in which he faced no meaningful physician. the e u is among those describing it is neither free, no fat, and held in a climate of intimidation. lucian's claim victory comes on the 10th anniversary of rushes on accession of crime in the occupation followed an invasion and illegal referendum to pay the way to the school full scale and they can help you, craig.