the choices was, act, steel, hasn't made a big impact on me. so that was so, you know, one of the, i can say a life changing the incentives in my life for shot. the young women in japan breathing new like same to an old tradition. the, any rock we looked at the impacts of climate change on house, the and we ask, why are we so who own lithium batteries? the, to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how

a battery actually works. and if you hear a battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is retractable, and made it lift them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery, 2 wires and an l. e. d. is seen for the terms of it, but the deep is the, is more controllable and or, or not. so julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you both and both of energy. you have various more ways you want to get out all this energy very fast and you're going to go away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains in electron. this battery contains lithium graphite cobalt and a liquid. batteries have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and

electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electronics travel outside the battery along the circuit, generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l. a. b in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk . when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process, either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons travel less and less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity. the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the many reasons why left them makes a great battery,

is that unlike lead or acid lifting was only mildly toxic, these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great weirdly, is that it's super reactive so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and to put it in some water and see what happens. but them safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it, so it'd be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast, so the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay, so i'm going to choose who do i understand why this happens? we need to look at electrons again,

lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the battery is able to charge faster, have a longer live site goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, lithium is also winter when it comes to weight. all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size, inside of the massive machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plants. because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around, a match bar appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international energy agency, demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 times by 2040 australia is the

top producer of lithium, followed by chile. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the mass of global demand. in 2022, global with and production was at a 130000 metric tons. that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over $28000.00 metric tons, the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of it around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because those white gold is abundant doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means the demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up to, while others came down. lithium, just continued to increase, and mining itself comes with its own host of problems extracting lithium from rock

or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from bright water that's mixed with minerals to bay. the largest process is to evaporate these brang, well that inverted shuttle bones which had extremely large, let's say the 1000 times a football stadium. brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one ton of lithium into a lithium mining is already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause toil degradation and disrupt local eco system. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be reused, lithium, batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead batteries due to government regulation. 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are

recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology. but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 kilo tons per year. better lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mine. and very paula nodded conditions could be replaced with nickel, manganese or iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphene. it's made by taking a layer of graphite just like this, and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphing is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting, and store more energy, which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable

energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, [000:00:00;00] the ones that thailand is notice that the rock is one of the country's most effected by climate change worldwide temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick. ali who's saying is on his way to the local well, around him. signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be a rocks most fertile region, but the country has suffered

a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left. ivy. hussein's family is one of the few still here at the bottom of just 4 years ago. we find the land here, but drought has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up without farming. there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities. climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries have built a numerous dams leaving too little water for a rock down stream because of the salty ground water. the children have sores and open wounds on their skin. a 2000, no, on this, it's very painful. sometimes they are close to stick to the wings,

which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease, like least my nicest transmitted by sam slot is tight. i thought i need some and i'm being 2nd to transmit to the infection which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali who's seen and his daughter is newer, and sandra are lucky, be a rocky red crescent, has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h. e. sandra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain. she has to be sure by nice as an insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see tested today was a high. so let's do that in the sidebar. how came up here on the left and this team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away. the rocky red crescent regularly travels across the country, visiting villages here in blue blue,

i shed the people are as little better off the village community has dug a well. she said i can't to the, the ground water contains too much salt and solver. what's the question? of this facility has changed their lives. it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 leaders per hour are the sale unaided and to meet fit, to drink height or how to him. and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks in the region. i'm hoping on. the facility is a lifetime for people here to read. christian tennis partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage, which if often and what every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters. there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility like this. many surrounding villages suffer from a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering. yeah,

that was the oldest to him. i last saw living with climate change. awareness is important for children to, to hide on her to him and his team. talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it as well. so far there open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and to poisoning what is done with all of i did them some of the co now how do you know i'm about to deal with the someone that you just as an adult for them outside of head show, according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country to climate break down. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, upper for the sample that we need to reinforce our health systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health so that they feel assistance that already over to well and not with the climate change. that would be totally co ops if we don't know to prefer,

then better in the if we don't send finance of resources, ali who's saying would like to stay here with his family. but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult. 5 and my husband is sort of how the water you can see he was brought to us by car 1000 leaders. everything we can do for us and our animals that's not enough to mike ali. hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country. like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq the the pollution resulting from bonding oil gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah. that's more than a b city. malaria or alcohol binding fossil fuels produces toxic policy, cold,

tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes, cancer and diabetes. it's time for change for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease. i'm suffering, i struggle to breathe properly. to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has

a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly check up at a hospital, the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move in the very good. what are you doing? perfect by the front of cents? now please remove your mask. i think one more of them been, we have many patients like pedro mazda and rebates, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which seal pd, and we have those here. you and other hospitals in lima, and then the castle is too what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked. we'll see they're only very little. yes. the disease is similar. does that sound in other countries among heavy smokers and using what else? we believe it is linked to environmental pollution so, so that conclusion borne out in many studies, i mean only think that because there's 2 of us going up on the field level that lima has more than $10000000.00 residents. air pollution levels are high mainly from traffic in industry,

the in 2022 lima record, the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements in lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thoughts. peruvian company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the success. i'm also wondering if we zooming on lima, we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow montrose and orange and red batch of a whole lot. the most critical value is 2.5, which means particulate matter of 2.5. my chromatism for this is in my feeling on those are the finest particles, the very small ones,

the end to the respiratory tract and then penetrate the human body some into the blood stream of the unit. using this data, city authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions, and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done. just as environmental activists have spent years, re forcing the hills around lima, the pacific ocean on one side and the mountains on the other or the capitals only natural borders vegetation here traps, dust particles and suspended matter helping to improve air quality. they have also installed a network of fund captures. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog.

this is crystal clear water. yes, i was not even more friendly. we diverted into collection points like this one here . how long it even use it for drip irrigation? lima is green, long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements in industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities, health, local reforestation work as held curvy roads and but it's not enough for an experts . a far wider scale effort is required since they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization. so the left and so if one day, lee malware to no longer made many gas or pollutants plan would still be polluted. democrats here hold up and we alone may not stop pollution or climate change afford

effect and we will be the ones who suffer your kind of you much a bit of his homework and most of which service with his doctors help pedro monta rebate has managed to reduce them of his pain. the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now, more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the sting balance, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i supposed to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. he knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking

the most. indeed, i only take my hands off the horse if i trust and completely, that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve. how he 1st met spade when he was to and she was 7. since then the to have been inseparable. growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am wearing prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yeah. booth. and it was thought to be good practice for the battle field. but her gilding spade is far too peace. loving for that one. okay. except you'd probably run away from the enemy. picking the smith

put archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously. anymore either was a normal day that's a really huge starts you have it's been ages since i've seen any that size of 50 percent. ok here in rude japan. it was to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women, like all you would say in their early twenties, are reinterpreting a centuries old tradition. the nation, not that high, high points. we might look at me in this direction. so all that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible when trainer or you go coming more a started out 15 years ago, mounted archery was still a male domain. on the saturday i was that means i had to put up with

a lot back then they told the women had no business being here. and just see if i ask you all this, i'm in the sort of the even said, i don't want to even hear the words you up with somebody coming out of your mouth. got you. i was home it difficult about talking to you and you're right at the mountain. archery might have died out in japan if it weren't for these young women's, it's easy as japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and it is what keeps her in the countryside of the just the of us, both the other, some of those great that more people are becoming interested in yet losing it again . still more was he talking about them, but it seems like it has less appeal for boys. any food and or party equal to that it will probably soon be an all female sport. uh, other than one level cutting that's up. i don't know if it comes with

a lot of it's given the family has always supported her passion. she's been winning competition since since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the garment for her next event from chemo know fabric, as i always say wants to dazzle at the tournament the which one do you want? when are the most guessed coming sunday. so then this one's for sunday, they're able to get used to that and the see on the main looks aren't my style. pink is out of the question. so many of our the small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part of the organizers gets from abroad rarely make their way here. but for iris,

who say such computations are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom is to survive, it has to look good. so looking at the hicks and you could come up today, the archers used to pick themselves rag before they went into battle, created and met with the next. why do the same now in this cause we have the, the competition is almost exclusively female. rules requires 3 shots at full gallop . the archers have just fractions of the 2nd, the aim, the

show that's exhausting. the move them. it's not over for you yet. there's still another round the funds are there? one of the terms of your boost to me is that it's a sport that's open to everyone to just take on your medical women and men of all ages you come on or assuming are brave enough to attempt the wild right. ready to compete against the very best the an honor that once again goes to, i think the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people fight takes climate change visitors on facebook. if you want the story behind the headlines,

follow us on instagram. and if you want green life text checkouts or take token, the

the rushes economy is throwing just twice across the board and sanctions against the country. there's a 2 percent growth, even though natural gas exports have fallen drastically. so what's driving this? and what role does china play? we're taking a closer look, made into many in session minutes on d. w. the big games through next door life in this,

in the, in we are there any truth to this day or types about these? make sure it's easy and how do residents survive? they're going to discuss exactly that life and we're in 75 minutes on d, w the one unit you can learn what it is. my power is going to be part of my family. what killed, how was this age? i'm on a journey to find out about the result of 19 or to put you on the site, but they expect to see through under my name is some way to ship me there. i'm afraid it makes sweet shaming history out documentary stuffs. april 6th on dw,

enjoying the views, and kind of take a look at this. i'll tell you the highlights every week email inbox, subscribe. now. sometimes a seed is all you need to allow the big ideas to grow. we're bringing an environmental conservation to life with learning facts like global ideas. we will show you how climate change and environmental conservation is taking shape around the world and how we can make a difference. knowledge grows through sharing, download it now for the frankfurt. how about the international gateway to the best connection, solstio, road, and radio? located in the heart of europe, you are connected to the world experience outstanding shopping and dining offers.

enjoying our services, be our guest at frankfurt and bought cd, managed by front bought the the this is to the juniors and days around the top stories. the u. s. supreme court will allow state authorities in texas to start arresting people to speak to the of crossing the border illegally from mexico. once in custody. my friends could either agree to a judge is over to, to the east will be prosecuted on misdemeanor charges. opponents of the controversial uh, warning of racial profiling and rights violations us and secretary of state and to me blink. and since the whole of gauze is population is