waste gets stranded here. all about the final stuff in a global fashion industry. fast fashion. watch now on youtube, the young women in japan breathing new like same to an old tradition. the any rock we looked at, the impacts of climate change on health. the, and we ask, why are we so hooked? only been through the

to understand why lithium make such a good battery. we need to know how battery actually works. and if you hear battery, this is probably what comes to mind. this one is retractable, and made it with them. we can make a super simple circuit with a battery, 2 wires and an l. e. d. is seen for the terms of it, but the deep is today's more controllable. and ernesto julio cosmo is a professor and researcher who has spent the past 12 years focusing on lithium. you bought a lot of energy. you need a very small, but as you want to get out all this energy very fast and you're going to go away and not in an explosion. this works to the movement of electrons and ions. electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles that float around. adams. ions are items that have lost or gains in electron. this battery contains lithium graphite cobalt and

a liquid. batteries have negatively and positively charged size. lithium ions and electrons on one side of the battery when connected to a circuit, electrons travel outside the battery along the circuit generating electricity. the electricity goes from negative to positive flowing through the l. a. b in the middle. meanwhile, what's left in the battery is lithium ion. that's where the lithium ion battery gets its name. the ions travel inside the battery from the graphite to the co bulk . when it's recharging, they go in the other direction. but batteries basically destroy themselves in the process, either they lose their ability to create electricity or chemicals build up on the electrodes. as batteries age, the electrons travel less and less efficiently and the battery loses its capacity. the metals can also grow into spike's, which can short circuit the battery, in the worst case of battery failure, big night and explode. so a good battery can store a lot of energy without exploding and doesn't quickly lose its capacity. one of the

many reasons why lithium makes a great battery is that unlike lead or acid, cliff humans only mildly talks and these new lithium batteries can store more energy per graham than any other battery ever invented. what makes with themes so great weirdly, is that it's super reactive so i got my hands on some lithium which should be 99 percent pure. going to try and put it in some water and see what happens. but um, safety 1st. it's a really soft metal, so it, so it'd be completely breakable just with my fingers. wow, look at that. so that's the lithium inside. it's reacting with the oxygen in the air so fast that the metal is already darkening. we're going to try and put this little bit of lithium in some water and see what happens. okay, so i'm going to choose, woo,

i do understand why this happens. we need to look at electronics. again, lithium loses electrons and creates ions really easily. that means that the ions inside the battery move around really quickly and efficiently. that makes the battery is able to charge faster, have a longer live site, goes and above all store more energy. aside from its ability to store energy, the theme is also a winner. when it comes to weight, all of these can be used in batteries, but they would make the batteries heavier. that's because the lithium is the least dense metal on the planet. the fact that it's so extremely light makes it the best option for electronics. one of the main reasons computers in this size instead of the mass of machines they were in the eighty's, is the invention of the lithium ion battery. it's also by far the best option for electric cars, buses, and plains. because the light of the vehicle, the less energy it takes to move it around. and that's why our appetite for lithium is skyrocketing. according to the international energy agency,

demand for lithium could increase between 13 and 51 times by 2040 australia is the top producer of lithium, followed by july. but other countries around the world are ramping up production to meet the mass of global demand. in 2022, global with and production was at a 130000 metric tons. that's quadrupled from 2010. when production was a little over 20000 metric tons. the good news is that we technically have enough of it in the ground, according to some estimates around $80000000.00 metric tons of it around 10 kilos per person on the planet. but just because those white gold is abundant doesn't mean it's easy to get, getting it out of the ground can be slow and costly. and the mining and refining processes are concentrated in a few countries. that means the demand for it is quickly pacing the current available supply. this bottleneck is also raising the price after 2020 prices of raw materials went up. for a while, others came down, lithium, discontinued,

to increase. and mining itself comes with its own host of problems extracting lithium from rock or requires a lot of energy often powered by fossil fuels. what's better, it's extracting it from bright water that's mixed with minerals to day. the last just process is to evaporate these bright and well that in red shuttle bones, which are extremely large that say the 1000 times a football stadium, brian mines used thousands of leaders of water for one kind of lift them into a lithium mining has already led to water shortages in the area and diverted water from local communities. the mines can also cause soil degradation and disrupt local eco system. and then there's the whole problem of what happens to the batteries after we're done with them. although the lithium itself can be reused, lithium batteries, deteriorate, and most of them land in the trash. one obvious solution is to create infrastructure to recycle lithium batteries. that's what happened with lead

batteries due to government regulation. 99 percent of lead batteries in the us are recycled? recycling with families entirely new technology. but it's catching up. lithium ion battery recycling is expected to increase to $420.00 killer tons per year by 2030 up from the current 50 killer tons per year. better. lithium batteries are also on the wet cobalt which is mine and very problematic conditions could be replaced with nickel, manganese or iron, or the graphite in the battery could be swapped for graphed, feet. it's made by taking a layer of graphite just like this and making it progressively spinner and thinner until it turns into a single layer of carbon atoms. graphene is the strongest material ever discovered, and more conductive than graphite. you can also make the inside of the battery solid instead of liquid to make it less likely to explode. most of this is still in the lab, but these advances could make the battery safer, longer lasting and dormer energy,

which could also make them more attractive for storing large amounts of renewable energy on a grid scale. so it certainly doesn't look like our addiction to lithium is going away any time soon because lithium dominates the battery worlds and for good reason, [000:00:00;00] the ones that thailand is notice that the rock is one of the country's most affected by climate change worldwide temperatures of over 50 degrees celsius are becoming more common, making people sick. ali who's saying is on his way to the local well, around him. signs of climate change are everywhere. okay. there's no water. the well is dry. he tells his son. so this used to be

a rocks most fertile region, but the country has suffered a severe drought for years in a row of the 60 families in the village, 40 of left ali hussein's family is one of the few still here at the bottom of just 4 years ago we find the land here, but trout has turned our land into the desert. we had to give up, tied up without farming. there was no income. his 5 children face an uncertain future. the ground water here is salty. iraq is less and less fresh water in the countryside and in the cities. climate change is to blame, as are the water policies of neighboring iran and turkey. the 2 countries have built to numerous dams, leaving too little water for rock down stream. because of the salty ground water, the children have source and open wounds on their skin. i found it no longer. it's

very painful, sometimes the clothes stick to the wings, which makes it even worse. the rising temperatures are also contributing to the spread of disease like leach, but now uses transmitted by sam slot. i just kind of, i thought i need some time being sick to transmit to the infection which causes fever. it's happened a lot here in the region. ali who's seen and his daughter is newer and sondra are lucky. the rocky red crescent has come to their village, nor is hands are terribly h. e. sondra often finds it hard to walk because of the pain she has to do. she may not assessing an insidious disease. it affects the skin, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. the edge i ever see, test it and he was a high, high dollar. how came up here on the laptop and his team are seeing more and more cases like this. they want to raise awareness. medical help is expensive, and the newest hospital is 50 kilometers away. the rocky red crescent regularly

travels across the country, visiting villages, q and a google. why should the people are as little better off the village community has dug a well. she needs to be shipped to the the ground water contains too much salt and solver. what's the question that this facility has changed their lives? it supplies the village and neighboring villages with clean water. 2000 leaders per hour are the sale unaided and to meet fit to drink height or how to him. and his team have distributed over 60 water tanks and the region i'm hoping on. the facility is a lifetime for people here to read. christian, 10 to partners are working to build a series of facilities to alleviate the water shortage, which if often and what and every week they check the salt content every week. they have to change the filters. there's no alternative the village needs more than one facility like this. menu surrounding village is separate from

a lack of drinking water and water for dish washing and showering care on the oldest to him, i last saw living with climate change. awareness is important for children to, to hide our hotel and his teen talk about infectious diseases and show them how to wash their hands properly. that can save lives on it. well, so far there open no debts, but we're seeing that the lack of drinking water, drought, and dessert if occasion are causing a rise and skin diseases and to poisoning what is done with all of i did them some of the co now how do you know i'm about to deal with the summer that you just as an adult for them outside of head show, according to the un here. rock is the 5th most vulnerable country to climate breakdown. it also has a rapidly growing population. in that case, upper for the sample that we need to reinforce our health systems to cope. we've been devastating consequences of climate change on our health. so then the show system settled with the over to well,

and now with the climate change would that would be totally co ops if we don't know to prepare them better. and if we don't send finance of resources, ali who's saying would like to stay here with his family. but the conditions are getting increasingly difficult for that and my husband, these 2 of them are for how the water you can see here was brought to us by car, 1000 leaders every week for us and our animals. that's not enough. i think it might lead hussein's family could soon become climate refugees in their own country like one and a half 1000000 people in iraq. the pollution resulting from burning oil gas and cold kills 5000000 people. yeah, that's more than

a b city. malaria or alcohol binding fossil fuels produces toxic particles, tiny enough to enter the lungs. this particular message is among the main causes of strokes, cancer and diabetes. it's time for james for pedro amount to a rebate. daily activities like climbing stairs pose a big challenge. i have a lung disease i'm suffering my struggle to breathe properly, to wherever the 74 year old retiree is one of hundreds of thousands of people in lima suffering from respiratory diseases ranging from acute infections to long and heart complaints. city authorities say hundreds of people die every year as a result of respiratory disease. the peruvian capital has

a big health problem. pedro met a rebate, has a weekly checkup at the hospital, the care and medication he receives here as an approved his quality of life. move in, beneficiary. good. what are you doing? perfect by the front of some and now please remove your mask. i see for most of them we have many patients like paid your month rebate, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which seal pd. and we have those here, you and, and other hospitals in lima. and it's something in the castle is what's interesting is that many of them have never smoked, will see what they're only very little. yes. even if it's the disease is similar. does that sound in other countries among heavy smokers and that is and what else we believe it is linked to environmental pollution. that conclusion borne out in many studies, you know, we think that will cause this tool just pulling up the fuel avenue. fremont has more than 10000000 residents. air pollution levels are high, mainly from traffic in industry,

the in 2022, lima record, the 2nd highest levels of particulate matter pollution in latin america. after santiago did chilly, but experts say air quality measurements and lima are inadequate. now the situation is likely far worse than previously thought. ruby and company kyra is looking for solutions. it is developed low cost measuring devices and a digital tool aimed at making information on air pollution and lima accessible to all the other success. i'm also wondering if we zoom in on lima. we look at the information that's publicly available in the surveillance network. the green is good, yellow motorists, and orange and red badge holes. most of most critical value is $2.00, which means particulate matter of $2.00 micro matches must be know, and those are the finest particles,

the very small ones that enter the respiratory tract and then penetrate the human body some into the blood stream of the unit using this data, city authorities have taken steps, reduce emissions and heavily affected areas. some parts of the storage center are now close to vehicles but more needs to be done is this. environmental activists have spent years re forcing the hills around lima, the pacific ocean on one side, and the mountains on the other, or the capitals only natural borders. vegetation here traps, dust particles and suspended matter, helping to improve air quality. they have also installed

a network of fod catchers. these collect water from the regions dense winter fog. this is crystal clear water. yes, i was not even more than we diverted into collection points like this one here. how long it even use it for drip irrigation? lima is green, long has been subject to deforestation for more than 400 years. new settlements in industries continue to be constructed on the outskirts of the city. the long term systematic deforestation has had a negative impact on the cities. health. local reforestation work as held, kirby rosen, but it's not enough for an experts. a far wider scale effort is required since they do need to prove produce is less than 0.08 percent of globalization. so they live in. so if one day lima were to no longer met, many gas or pollutants plan would still be polluted. democrats here hold up and

then we alone may not stop pollution or climate change afford effect and we will be the ones who suffer. you're coming to you much the bills, he's one of the most of the woods here with his doctor's help pedro much rebate has managed to reduce some of his pain the, to now enjoy a short walk around his neighborhood and some independence. now more than ever, there was an urgent need to reduce emissions and improve air quality in lima. and across the world, the stain balanced, positioning the arrow, and drawing the boat at full gallop, i suppose to relinquish his control to her horse. spade. she knows exactly what he's doing and that let's or concentrate on her stance and taking aim

the most. indeed, i only take my hands off the horse if i trust him completely. that's the most important thing. this trust has had time to evolve our 1st spade when he was to and she was 7 since then the 2 had been inseparable growing up in the country side of northern japan and i am worried prefecture to share a passion for you. i will send me japanese mounted archery centuries ago. yup. who said it was thought to be good practice for the battle field, but her gilding spade is far too peace. loving for that one. okay, so he'd probably run away from the enemy,

picking the smith. but archery is no longer an art of war. and the ritual and ceremonial aspects of your boost to me aren't taken all that seriously anymore either was normal day. that's a really huge starts. you have it's been ages since i've seen any that, so i look it up 50 percent. ok here and root japan. it was to me is experiencing a revival as a leisure support. women like all you, if we stay in the early twenties are reinterpreting the centuries old tradition, the nation, not that high, high parts. we might look at me in this direction. so all that's right, just like that. so you have to stay flexible. when trainer, are you go coming more a started out 15 years ago, mounted archery was still

a male domain. on the saturday i was that means i had to put up with a lot back then they told the women had no business being here. and to see if i asked you all this, i'm in the sort of the even side. i don't want to even hear the words you up with somebody coming out of your mouth. got you. i was how much difficult about talking to you and you're right at the mountain. archery might have died out in japan if it weren't for these young women's, it's easy as japan has an aging dwindling population. young people are drawn to the cities, always lose his passion for your boots, and that is what keeps her in the countryside of the just the spoke the other, some of those great, but more people are becoming interested in. yep. losing it again, still more was he talking about them, but it seems like it has less appeal for boys waiting for the party equal to the optimal. it will probably soon be an all female support to the one level cutting that's up. i don't know if it comes with

a lot of it's given the family has always supported her passion. she's been winning competition since 10th grade. does her mother is selling the government for her next event from chemo fabric. i was to say wants to dazzle at the tournament the which one do you want? when are the most guests coming? we'll give you sunday. then this one's for sunday. they're able to get used to that . and then obviously on the main looks aren't my style. pink is out of the question . so many of our small town of toyota has boldly proclaimed the tournament to be the world championship. somewhat wishful thinking on the part of the organizers

gets from abroad. rarely make their way here. but for iris who say such competitions are crucial for the sports future. if you have wisdom is to survive, it has to look good. so looking at the hicks and you could come up today, the are choose these to pick themselves red before they went into battle created. and men within that way do the same. now in this cause we have done this is the, the competition is almost exclusively female. rules requires 3 shots at full gallop . the archers have just fractions of the 2nd to aim

the show. that's exhausting. the move them. it's not over for you yet. the still another round. it sounds of the, one of the chimes of your boost to me is that it's a sport that's open to everyone to just take on your medical women and men of all ages. you are assuming they're brave enough to attempt the wild right and ready to compete against the very best the an honor that once again goes to i think the would you like move insights and solutions from around the world? if you want to meet the people fight, take climate change visit to us on facebook. if you want the story behind the

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the legal suits drowning in the state. ministry of the environment is now banned. single use plastic cruising huge problems that some people meaning if we're looking at the long term environmental on east fixed financing, see minutes

d w the big games through next door. teen life and the lyla and we use the arrows. are there any truth to the stereotypes about these? make sure it's easy to help and how do residents survive? there? we've been to discuss exactly that life and we're in 75 minutes on d w. the get ready for an exciting auditoriums to look surprised. hi, irish. and i'm ready to dive into the hands of human to you. have you have a one to delete it from port on it. please go to the spot on the on expected side to side. no,

it's not what i mean. i know, did i right just do it and i'm hosting dw newport task. thanks. trace amount, but it's actually about move join us as we travel around your facing the history of every day of the semester. i'm p right around the world, and i need to talk to you back, just a subscriber id. listen to paul, gosh, then we'll take you along for the ride. this the shadows of jumping calculus. these costs and video shed light on the dog is devastating. colonial har is infected by germany across and he employed the score farms and destroyed lights. what is the legacy of this wide spread races, depression, today? history. we need to talk about here, the stories, shadows of german colonialism.

the or you're watching the news live from bullying. the us supreme court says, texas can arrest migrants for a legal entry into the country. it gives the site the power that the to police. it's border with mexico is part of a controversial republican fact law one, the white house is unconstitutional. also on the program, the us is gone, so the entire population is facing sylvia hung about despite humanitarian concerns and warnings from allies. israel says plan to ground operations and rasa must go