so i've been telling you personally, since the eighty's and i've seen all the changes, the tropicana complex is set to be demolished later this year to make way for a new sports studio, part of las vegas, his latest efforts to re brand itself as a sports menu conflicts cries, sees every single connection mapped out shows that you can disagree. odyssey be on the board is what makes things the way they are mapped out. navigating a changing world now on youtube cocked about why does that most? because i'm lisa and the new host join us for an exciting exploration of everything in between

moses the video and audio production by d w. i hope video will tune in this tiny solar cell might be about to revolutionize solar energy as we know it. it's more efficient than a spend, that's silicon solar cell. it can be easily synthesized and doesn't need to be mind like silica, as it can work on in film. so you probably as not how speak up, but it also it can go on your roof. say hi to this crystal struct. chuckhorn is pearl skies. it promises improvements to solar cells that are almost too good to be true. that's why we're using solar cells. well, for scott, so the us for us kind of looked like the term for off good is a very generic term for a specific crystal structure, right? you can see that here over there. so the crystal structure has the 80 x 3 formula.

and like it's component is the sort and i the element for molecule. one of the most common combinations in this structure is methyl ammonium as the a on the corners. the metal lots for be in the center and the chloride or iodide as the ex, which foam around the metal. but there's quite a vast range of materials that can be used and combined. and it's quite wild how easily these can be put together. oh, this is 11 fine and but before we do that, security 1st as we are going to up with toxic flat with one of these. all right, it's good to go look a bit like i mentioned that in okay, time to get an hour based materials. matthew mixes methyl ammonium, chloride, and let i o die too late to create a abs for a crystal structure. by the way, everything happens in these boxes so that no water or oxygen comes in contact with

our precious pulse kite. so what is now the advantage of these materials compared to silicon? so i believe that one of the main advantages of prostate or silicon as material is the ease of processing. so silicon is something that is relatively energy intensive to fabricate. but this is something that can be done at post to room temperature, so it doesn't require much energy. so it's easy to do. everything is relatively abundant. and so, um it, it's, it shouldn't be bottlenecked for production. so these base materials are more abundant then silicon ends are easier to process. now we have the base materials, but how do we make a sign up so being peril skype out of it. so i deposit those, losing a prostate and then it spends up quite fast. so something like, uh,

4000 revolutions for permanent. and then i dropped on the following solution. and that drives the, the crystallization. the method that matthew is using his cold spin coating, but perhaps kind soto sales can also be directly printed onto surfaces using similar processes to those useful printing newspapers. another method is yvette parades and perhaps guides onto surfaces. spin coatings usually takes place in the lab environment and it can be tedious. matthew accidentally dropped the glass, not a big problem in the lab environment, but for commercial production, this is not viable. matthew gives it a 2nd try and this time everything works. after the spin coating it goes onto a heating plate and the darkening shows us that the crystals are being formed. it works the same way as when sold water evaporates and you start to see the salt. there are sales like this one here, which are only made out of rough guide,

but in many cases there's a silicon layout beneath the of the sales i quote 10 themselves and look like this . right now they are the most promising candidates when it comes to increasing the efficiency of solar sales. but at some point, it might be possible to a balance that it can completely test that 10 themselves efficiency. the research was at hand, hard sent home, use a some simulator. it determines exactly how much sunlight is converted into electricity. what kind of efficiency that we just measured? so when we measure almost 30 percent, quite nice achievement. why does it tend them? so a cell reach that much more efficiency than single jacksonville. so sometimes a lot samples may much more use of the incoming lights, so we have a long so long spectrum, this all sounds they channel the spectrum, the parent sky. so also in this case makes use of the visible wavelength. so

everything which we can see by i, it's been converted into pay arrows got installed on sale into electrical energy. whereas the infrared light passes through the peril sikesdale and he's been converted into silicon salsa which is quite deficient in converting infrared light . so the share of the spectrum in each cell is very efficient. and the reason it doesn't sound like that much, but i just tells me this way, roughly 50 percent more. some lights can be converted into electrical energy. so more overall sunlight can be a saw con by any of these tendons. so yeah, because before they go into serious reduction, normal stuff that needs to be a major issue is the stability of peril. scott structures using 10 themselves. they're also got structures easily put together at low temperatures as we saw earlier, but they also come apart easily. even the charges that tremble through the pearl scott in the cell, the cell can create defects and destroy the power of god. structures. also,

external effect does like moisture heat, oxygen, and u. v. light can break it down further and quickly decrease its record breaking efficiency. this whole process is called degradation, which researches and companies are trying to fight with different forms of m calculation. it's use of the solar modules from accidental influences and is an essential spent for commercialization to sales, which is part of a do a p and academia and industry partnership plans to develop commercial sized modules with an efficiency of 26 percent of a lifetime of 30 years, a box for tv, a company founded by oxford university graduates, has reached an efficiency of 28.6 percent and supposedly sold the degradation issue already. but both companies haven't published verifiable data yet. that also isn't even a lot of research on real world outdoor tests. these are a lot of,

so let's say that you test it. wow. this is colleen, liberty, c, overseas. the degradation tests of 10 themselves at him. what's the temple at what kind of stability is we currently looking at here? sometimes to fail after a few days over. sometimes they last for years. literally team measured a loss of 20 percent and efficiency and just half a year. other researches in saudi arabia, for example, came up with similar results for comparison, it takes silicon so the sales roughly 20 years to reach that level of degradation. a number that tend themselves out would need to match some companies say they've already fix this issue and ready to go to market next. yeah. do you believe that's possible? sometimes here we must also have conferences, but they normally don't show the data. it's all very secret. i assume that david

and the next years produce samples, and that is very important to do because then you can test them on your own sites in the p to fuse. and before you commercialize them, before you save them to customers who contest inside. whether it's really true, because it's really hard to say about the samples that we have out here of the one year that they're going to last for 25 years. and until now we've only talked about the technical side of things, but tell them, so let's have another thing coming. if have about skype is going to go anywhere, it will need to be cheaper then press to then or can i request that i set it on a pad well basis. this is jenny chase. he's analyzed the solar market for 18 years and found that the solar analysis team at blue book. and yes, let's go to be the one of course po, up which is coming. the $12.00 us of the people and it will be 12 by next year. according to the international renewable energy agency. since 2010 costs for electricity from solar have declined,

but 89 percent globally. it's now more expensive to install silicon panels than it is to make them meaning the limiting factor for solar on manufacturing costs, but grid connection land permits, all label for installation. it really comes down to the company that sells. the cost of dependency factor matters. just to get these into stable volume production will make a lot of money. if nobody does, then solar will still get billed. one company that claims it has sold the degradation issue is ox for tv. it says together with partners, it can see about modules in the middle of 2024, and that we'll have utility scale sort of past was 10 themselves in 2026 or 2027. looking at today is the efficiency number. so approx like that will generate 25 percent more energy then comparable, so they can sell the parks, solar panels, those have a good rates potential, but there's still

a lot of things that need to fall into place for them to work. and i'm really, really curious if they're actually going to be on the market next year on reading. how did you like the video, please let me know in the comments and subtract or tell me what we post the videos on the environment every friday. the

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