the and you're up to date, but to stick around up next, we have a documentary looking at the hard work that wins the making of the perseverance rover mission to mars. and remember, you need much more news on the go on our website that's w. com. i'm here until berlin. thank you very much for joining us. the can you see? what old cars tires have to do with the production? here's a hands on the real media. much now on youtube. the

red planet, the indication that pre stage preparation has been confirmed by the spacecraft camera 1st fuel entering it was powered on re receive single single inter have confirmation or entry interface for insurance is currently going 5.3 commerce per 2nd heat of about a 100 the responses for february 2021. the lender carrying the perseverance

rover has entered the martian atmosphere. the suspense of the control room is almost unbearable. the team has no control over what will happen in the next few minutes. we are starting to straighten up and fly right maneuver in preparation for parachute deployed images report for the engineers from nasa and c n e s. the french national space agency. this was what's referred to as the 7 minutes of terror. the 1st the veterans had to touch down as gently as possible on the red planet. the chairs are velocity for 2nd cut. her surveillance was carrying

a dozen sophisticated instruments which would be used by one of the most ambitious space missions to search for traces of past life on mars. the sonic speeds and the teacher has been separated. this allows the radar and the cameras to get there. first, look at the surface here the rover was less than 2 kilometers above the martians. this was the last stage of the landing, and likely the riskiest, separated in the ground station. only watch sickness took 11 minutes to reach earth. either the maneuver had been successful or perseverance had crouched the to

the the, the bad 7 minutes, i think was the shortest and the longest 7 minutes of my life. for me, the really special moment is a few minutes after landing when we got the 1st picture of march. the wow, my robot that was here 7 months ago. it's been in space. this whole time is on the planet. congratulations to the mission. this image was

a man the 1st to send from the motion surface. the perseverance rover was apparently intact. at fully operational the robot was tasked with uncovering the secrets of the red planet. the civilians was send millions of miles from earth to help answer the question is simple as it is exciting. did life once exist on mars? what, what the rover discovery and its 1st year of exploration the . 2 the on

the mars has long fascinated astronomers, but it wasn't until the 19th century when giovanni skip it and he discovered the suppose the martian canals. but the question raised of intelligent life on our neighboring planet 1st emerged. the american astronomer percival now will map these canals, mistaking them for artificial structures. boots to irrigate cities that have long since disappeared. the midst of the martian was born the starting and the 19 sixty's probes were repeatedly sent to explore the martian surface without success. to david king hello says general sharing 1976. i think the viking mission ran 3 experiments. looking for

organic life on mars. they found nothing. so they lost interest in mars for 20 years and they had been lost casually until the since then. several of rovers have been sent to link so imagine so the pathfinder pro, carrying the small so general robot was the 1st in 1996, followed by spirit and opportunity. the last to prove that water must once have flowed on mars curiosity, the big brother to perseverance landed in 2012. its mission was to find out whether water could one set facilitated the development of life on the red planet. the curiosity went to mars to establish its habitability, was more as habitable, 3500000000 years ago. we found that, yes, it could have been habit of boy had the right ingredients. suzanne,

perseverance takes it one step up, right? and it says, okay, well if it was habitable, was that life on mars? just like for curiosity, nasa commissioned the jet propulsion laboratory to build several prototypes for perseverance, each with different sizes and different technological profiles. perseverance was built based on the idea of curiosity. we talked a lot of the systems that existed on for ya, city, and use that as all baseline or full person or the they may look very similar, but the internal mechanics signal a new generation of rovers, the sophisticated high tech developments the specialized cameras,

spectrometers, lasers ground penetrating radar. an oxygen production instrument and a robotic arm for coring and storing broke samples. know so that the v cuter. these are extremely complex robots who there are $200.00 to $300.00 scientists behind each vehicle. west saw shulty feature. so this, yeah, it took 6 years to develop, build it and, and launch it. and then another 7 months to land on mars the, it takes an incredible amount of time to design everything, build it and make it space rated test it. because we also have to test and demonstrate that it's going to work in that more than environment conditions on mars are hostile to life. so the biggest problem is the extreme temperatures and

perseverance also have to generate its own energy. the problem with using solar panels on mars is that you're so much further away from the sun, that you need a much bigger area to get the same energy as you would here on earth. we sometimes have dust storms on mars, and so that's often how rover is need the demise on mars. persevere as are we using nuclear source which overtime creates heat and that he is transformed into electricity the this generator and would ensure that the rover and it's instruments could function on the martian surface without disruption for years to come. the when we build missions like perseverance, it's not just an american mission. so when we build this rover, yes, it's built here, other jet propulsion lab,

but pieces are built all over the united states all over the world. and so the super can instrument, for example, is a french instruments super cam acts as the eyes of perseverance. one of its features is a powerful laser vaporizes tiny block particles to analyze their composition. this allows chemical particles to be identified within the radius of up to 10 meters in the plasma generated by the laser, the old ones, you can't tell any team i developed it together with roger we just from the los alamos national lab and new mexico and juvenile so we thought we were thinking about how to measure the chemical composition of martian rocks in soil deluxe. i asked about his labs capabilities and he said, we know how to make spectrometers and analyze light. what about, you know, i told them in france we know laser is there. so we defined as a labor fee and 20 years later when

a we had designed the super cap. the suggest can you see a super cam uses a system of lasers and spectrometers? some have expect any split this telescope found that we can obtain extremely detailed images at the surface of mars finally defined and onto a plane. you can see the details of around 20 microns for pick. so when the camera is close to the ground, to kind of avoid that, to me, i mean, this is the 1st super cam image, the photographs can move on to the tongues and then these instruments conduct precise chemical and mineral composition analyses can even detect the presence of organic material on and the non 0 to millions of use of how kind of activity have shape this unique landscape.

the these geographic properties make it the ideal training ground for space travels, including the exploration of mars. the simulations help to train missions with robots and soon perhaps even with humans, the geologist chavez content is an expert on mars. that has taken part in several simulations himself. you see stop saying that the this old cannick landscape really resembles the martian landscape. oh, personal. now, nothing units even aligned along the fold, like the red planet. then the onset position is red, like on mars, goes to the box, the,

the not save. i assume you there on the 1st mars and earth. and you were very similar because they had the same origin in the book effect at one time there were rivers which fed the legs, the lock is holding, and there was a magnetic field to see them for a protective shield that stopped the atmosphere from being a road by solar, wind live also they have yup, 20 address, but it changed to drastically. about 3700000000 years ago, she lives in magnetic field from the planet's core, abruptly vanishing enough to sit down at the mars was so small that its atmosphere disappeared into space. the field on the spot, the red planet became a freezer. i suppose you'd have to, you're on this space, a sort of vice stage suddenly took over the keys and it never recovered upfront next. turning it into the dead planet. it is today will do me up to the law in planets, must develop the house of mars, retained traces of it's past the sciences i hope so.

the emission begins to teams from the french national space agency or c n e s. at nasa are adjusting to march on time. the days there are longer than on us each martian day known as a song last around 24 hours and 40 minutes. so the clocks have to be synchronized for next at the moment, please. sure, that's what the mission has started. i mean, we have a reference period of 3 years but was don't get the rover fails before that tomo but then we have also fail nicely or another thorough check to make sure all the instruments on board are working on

over has an auto nap system. so we can self drive on the surface of mars. driving on mars, isn't that easy, right? we don't have a map, we don't have a phone that we can just say, hey, send me in that direction to what the river does is it takes pictures in front of it. it actually looks 5 years ahead. and so that way it can actually drive from 2 to 300 meters a day on an economist, least of it will drive itself. we can say, hey, at the end of the day, just drive in that direction for an hour and a half. and we'll see you tomorrow, and it will do that the, there is a time delay in communicating with perseverance. although the signals travel at the speed of light, it takes them a number of minutes to reach the rover. a command from control center. then millions of kilometers away. perseverance starts moving the

at night. the rover remain stationary. it transmits the information collected during the day to earth and receives a program with tasks to complete the next day, the 2nd quantity mash, you know what the beach coins is assigned coordinates, so don't need. so when we tell the rover to target a point that knows exactly how to turn his head to fix on the point we want that problem, then instead of 5 points in that direction with a laser, with infrared, and the camera, and as a, i've had to knock on wood, i think this man the the plan of solar face 1st we ran extensive tests for 3 to 4 months, but we made sure the arm was working properly. it was that the wheels were okay. yeah. if the head turned correctly. yeah. see or would it be then we check if super kam could fire its laser twice, send the green laser of boots, then towards the sun, when does it not at the sun, but at the sky?

they got they, so they, we learned how to use our instrument p no cost to the super can even to the motion solar eclipse for the 1st time produced by the moon to by the finally operations could begin. the 1st job was to study the martian soil. the rover landed on use it will crater a huge depression created by a media right now. so chose it from hundreds of other locations because it was the

most likely place to find fossil nice traces of past life. the english was the lucy, we chose the as the ro side to because it's a very old impact crater and with traces of a delta, the costs. now they thought, well, now that we have to prove that a river once flowed into a lake, there should be don't because to have a delta. do you need a river and the lake and the gas? yeah, like the switching depressing and the crater is about 45 kilometers wind with a lake, several 100 meters and even enclosed by a 1000 people. sitting on down the lake, held about 5 cubic kilometers of water and extend a layer of settlements. re deposit 70 meters, the price of the amended assume the the, the whole seat of the call. we wanted to 1st of the, of always be some rocks from the bottom of the legs because some people from around the sides and from the delta sorted into they don't want us. so we chose,

aside with all this diversity in a concentrated area or pump. we said yesterday, cursor veterans at park the, the rovers cameras have already shown that the area consists of very different geological layers. as you want. i just want to come one day, the camera person pointed out a hill in the distance and we said, let's take a photo and use it as a reference point tv to do. now, when we saw the incoming data, we said that's fantastic. where at the bottom of a lake, so we had our 1st, the result were not there has the photos were revealing. but virtual exploration of the crater provides limited insights, sold a role for made its way to the delta for its own safety. it moved extremely slowly

or there seemed to 100 days, we moved about 2 and a half kilometers, so only a dozen or so meters each day. and that's comfortable enough to work at leisure, but not enough to explore the huge. he has a ro crate are quickly a little more speed was needed. the ingenuity, a small helicopter was brought along precisely for such tasks. the ingenuity is a technology demonstrate. there's 3 challenges to, to proving that your helicopter can function on mars. right. atmosphere is one of them. so you happens here of mars is one percent the density of this, the very,

very cent atmosphere. the other 2 aspects though is the temperature is very cold, negative 90 degrees celsius overnight. the 3rd aspect that's different from earth is the gravity. it's about one 3rd, the gravity of the way we test that here, it's a ppo, is we have a chamber that $56.00 stories tall. and in that chamber, we were able to balance the atmosphere, the environment, the temperature in the gravity of mars, here in the ingenuity ways, just under 2 kilograms. it's too counter rotating, rotors turn 10 times faster than those of a conventional helicopter on her. for me, one of the most difficult moments on mars is the day that we dropped the helicopter from the belly of the rover, where it was attached down to the surface of mars. i was in charge of these activities and it was i can tell you incredibly stressful to make sure that our little friend was on mars carefully, the

top 3 meters off the surface of mars coverage for 39 seconds, then came back. then we had that 1st flight, there were 4 remaining to run out or 5 total in our 30 days. and thankfully, at the end of those 30 days, ingenuity was still healthy. the preserves team and nasa decided there's value here and continuing to fly on mars and you can actually discount we can fly to equip law, we can dive down into k, right? we can go to very high altitude and later or, or, you know, do a lot lower pattern over a region of interest as an engineer to today's already providing recognizance for, for the 1st period to of the sent ahead is

a scout ingenuity send high resolution images to help perseverance find its way to the delta, the loan is 26. the reconnaissance flights ingenuity even found. the 1st t shield found parachute from the rover's landing. the route was clear. now perseverance, good talking this real mission. the search for traces of life on mars is cool shift. you will go in fort worth looking for some macroscopic animal roaming around and that costco peak he's bad either. that would have been easy. i'll put the whole paper myself cuz it says no, we're looking for traces of light that already existed on earth at that time. he and maybe on mars, primitive, dietary of that. i put, that's your master direct. yeah, he was high sampling. the

visa was a veterinarian and works as a scientific consultant for the french space agency cns. he is one of the world's leading experts in x. so biology go to doctors. when we talk about extra terrestrial life this, we focus on the simplest micro biological form or the microwave film. the pope usually didn't need club. so if we find bacterial traces on mars, cause we found a new form of life. the one that's already works and that's when a new read, if we find a concrete trace of life even fossilized, that is evidence of another life form. and the universe was easy to get into that. that's what we're looking for during the day. even if it doesn't lead to martian sites, any tables. ok, so most of these for the most 2nd you

don't create a book, but there was a period of 500000000 or perhaps even dealing in years when conditions on mars were suitable for like a specific issue. but was that enough or likely to actually develop the best they could we buy school and i tend to think so because chemical traces improve and that the 3700000000 years ago life emerged in for the socialized, the desk. so in the mall, i would like to believe that the same thing happened on mar lots and the blanks developed on mars. yup. where is it now? with technology, the, after a 5 kilometer journey perseverance, finally reached the 0 crater delta. the

jun, me give you the origins of life evolved from some pre bye out of chemistry. i mean, have you, it's been, it most likely would have been in an environment to the carbonate and claim minerals. so these are primarily what we're looking for on ships. the policies have thoughts of we think that certain organisms living in very particular places on today could also develop in a certain micro environment on laws suited interface. she'll from us because he owns lopez. garcia, specializes in micro organisms, steps right and extreme environments. the hydrothermal damo area in northern ethiopia is certainly one of the most impressive examples of a bias system where a life seems impossible. but despite extreme temperatures and a city levels, single celled organisms can be found in some areas. i'm close on, i'm going to do,

you don't do that. no, no, the edges of dial 0. ecosystem sustaining lot to phone that particularly kia is a good team, a cold, and he's gonna come direct to these. a unique cellular micro will be busy, unlike that material. particularly well adapted to very high temperatures of up to a 125 degrees and extremely fluctuation, ph level. like any smart criminal studies, things extra, more files. let's has better defined conditions which live close to the pigeon persisted an extra terrestrial systems on unit. then the cushy stem on the fly, so much on mosse could survive under such conditions. i could effectively exist on these systems as well. keep time provided, there was liquid water and an energy sold in place on the source of the next sheet . i'm like,

these are the nurse and trust has never been received the plate tectonics. this allows perseverance to examine very old claim minerals. the if there was once nice on mars. these minerals might still contain its components, like nitrogen or carbon, the disembodied, the molecule to find intact organic molecules. it's best to dig a little deeper because this and the rover's court can drill. holes is several centimeters beneath the surface, the kind of trade rock where they've been protected for millions on or even billions of years, such as i'd say, the pressure variance took its 1st sample of sodium that might contain traces. and for garrick material, the, i would argue that that sample of caching system is just as complex as the rest of

the rover. it has to be able to take sample corresponding, the surface of mars, processed, and put them in the tube, and then pass that you to another robotic on inside the rover. that then takes pictures. there's some certain life ease of those samples, seals them because the samples we're going to stay on mars for a long time, and then it has the ability to deposit those sample cashes on the surface of mars. a decision soon. we hope the samples will one day come back for lab analysis couple found to conduct a detailed settlement analysis. we need a laboratory with electron microscopes and the high resolution chemistry that's not possible on a rover. i would say as an insurance company, i say i've gotten a hold of the

symbols, procedures only store some of the tubes and not all of them. so rather than make one big child with all the tubes and risk, losing them all of the mission of boards, we leave a trail of scattered piles. cancel in gretel leaving a trail of breadcrumbs the other to the they hope to eventually recover the samples from mars and bring them to earth for analysis. the it's an ambitious project, especially because it's not yet clear exactly how this would work. the if you thought of collecting those samples and dropping them on the surface of mars was already extraordinary and hard enough eventually we're going to want to bring those back. and so the teams here, the jet propulsion lab and that nasa are already working on thinking as to how we might want to do that. that's the 1st time we're gonna launch something off of another planet. and then we have to bring it back home theater. and bring the

samples back home safely and keep the container. there are any number of challenges here that kind of works. anything we've done before. this space flight system for the return mission should be ready and a few years researchers are already working on the new assignment, the city so old, it could be that these folks will be recovered by a european build roller theater. you got any idea which will gather them with an arm or something, but you put them in a basket and deliver them to a rocket, which shoots the container, how that handles the tubes into orbit around tomorrow, which is the, the citrus even it is wrong. probably need its own land or you will need to learn very precise and then you're the tubes. it won't work if it lands 100 kilometers away associated with temperature. sample retrieval lender have the concept that we're working on right now can,

which allows the rocket that's gonna take those samples from the surface of mars to uh, to space, to be thrown up in the year. we tossed the toss the rock it up in the air and then fire it. it's kind of like an air launch the that's really the base advantage that we don't have to deal with any kind of direction system, right? to put the, to put the rocket in some kind of positioning that we want. the to the rocket is almost 3 meters long and weighs 400 to 500 kilograms. you fired in the air, the rocket ignites and it's gone before it can come back down to the what's the us is up in mars orbit. we've got to find it with us, or turn over to or we're looking for something that's kind of basketball size. that's pretty difficult, right? it's not a very bright things, not very big. and we're gonna have to find it from uh, you know, tends to hundreds of kilometers away with tom t holding a small white balloon into orbit around mars and catching it with an orbit or any of the not easily copy it by sub for me. so we start by looking

for the, the other parts of the rocket that have gone with it. and our bigger the upper stage of the, of the rock. it has a radio on board with the beacon that will kind of scream at us every now and then telling us where it is, you know, sit there and talk to a container. it gets loaded into a space capsule which returns to earth 6 months later. and what the task all, it's all goes to plants, martian rocks, one day be transported to earth. it is crucial to ensure the samples are not contaminated by organic molecules. brought by perseverance for the risk is low, the consequences would be devastating. the music's pronto, the response, the 1st space explores and the 19 sixty's remembered one thing, their own predecessors, lack of caution, to play question,

what are the spread of disease following the exploration of the new world as a dark chapter in human history or mold, it does check in the contusions when both ways of any d. i think these are shown as i don't want to know any additions in pretty strong views. biological contamination of emotion. my form would be a reputable and fucked up with showing the same is true in reverse. and i'm sure what would happen if an astronaut was contaminated by an unknown martian speech, an incident. finally, what would you do with them? a corner? could they be brought back to earth or leave them there forever? is combined, should they be brought back to earth? and as i put in confinement for the rest of their lives to take off, you know, just kind of is the stuff a science fiction in english and speak. so imagine it's such a wonderful the, a huge number of questions remain unanswered, but the ultimate goal remains. one day humans will fly to mars the,

but how can they survive there and return to the sofa perseverance, in addition to establish whether there has been life on mars in the past, one of the other goals is to prepare for the eventual coming a few minutes on mars, and so we have a few instruments on board that allow us to prepare for that. there's the meta instrument, which is a weather station. it allows us to understand weather patterns on mars, not just winds, but also with dust pressure. these are ground penetrating radar cause of impacts that allows us to understand the structure of the ground below us. if we're ever going to build anything on mars, understanding the motion regulation is really important. the shelf plus swap, snap flush is a fringe engineer and asked or not. he has been involved with 3 nasa space missions

and knows how important remote projects are. the for the 1st 2 wins traveling to mars. before we move, we need to be able to remotely to the lie to and return from our as before doing it with humans to let me show difficulties. that's why this, it has a connection with the 1st appearance isn't important for deciding if we can talk to humans like tomorrow as well. so guess it doesn't have, would it be better to do that? me, you need to be able to mind as many local resources as possible for eating, drinking or some breathing single most in supplying the return trip. we'll have you tell you to so everything doesn't need to be sent from earth. i don't want you to predict the, the, it is impossible to land on mars carrying 30 tons of materials, including oxygen and stay for several months. but perseverance is already helping to solve the problem. just to be honest,

perseverance is not just studying martian geology. it's preparing mars for human stuff. good. the rover is carrying a small box of the size of a car battery called moxy. you said it weighs 17 kilograms and converts the martian atmosphere and a brief little air. there is less than one percent as much air on the surface of mars, but that air is 95 percent made up of carbon dioxide. so within each carbon dioxide molecule is an oxygen molecule combined with carbon. so the job of moxy is to take those apart. the 2 must be mitzy, moxy sucks and carbon dioxide from the martian atmosphere and it passes it through and electrolyzer which separates the oxygen. but these to see that and releases the carbon monoxide. i'm not doing the confusion or steel, see that on the oxygen atoms combined to form reasonable oxygen molecules looks

that can be inhaled, oxygen has to be a bother. no, you're, i would take. ready 20 to 30 grams an hour just to live and to go about our business. so far, moxie has run 8 times on mars and it made a little more than 50 grams of oxygen, which means it would keep us alive for a couple of hours. we hope with a larger version of moxy to make all of that ox agent institute to support a human mission on mars. the news you master of humans will discover a lot more than robots once they land on site organizational intelligence, to be quite sophisticated. but it only does what is the program to do a robot and will never shout. always look at me again.

the type of similar i long for the day when humans with robots and cutting edge scientific tools will be able to answer the question of extra terrestrial life. so as good as you stay you that's difficult to accept or something or you can if you see that i met the see not cas, i'm not sure what i would dream is to go to mars one day and i hope it will come true. see if that's the challenge of the 21st century group, but this dream cannot be used to justify the idea of what we do to the earth. doesn't matter because there's a plan to be like there's no, there's only one earth and we need to take care of it to us. you know, it's just about exploring another plan and it's not just hard enough to do the introduction

to sydney. i don't know who named presidents i 6, but i think that's one of the most important qualities of a great researcher home tends to shift for. so there is to be username, basically, any scientific program for one children. there's to log in with us, or the perseverance will continue with search for his life on mars. the robot is not just exploring. it will also help make one of humanity's greatest dreams come true. taking p for tomorrow in tennessee. uh the same the same as the uh the the. ready ready ready

the . ready the kids need to be looked. ringback for the kindergarten old age it might sound crazy, and they tried it out with great success. focus on the unit. 30 minutes, dw, block, trade routes. networks,

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in the m as in. yet the automobile industry doesn't care about the supply chain. profit, all that much. illegal leather stats may said on d w the . this is the w news, and these are our top stories view. and it was present joe, by themselves the united states defense commitment to japan and the philippines is quote, iron clad. she's been meeting philippine president sandra and marcos junior and japanese prime minister for me because she to the white house. i mean it's growing concerns over china's military's action into the into pacific region. it's a 1st of all try lateral summit between the 3 countries former american football star and after odor simpson has died at the age of $76.00. in

1995, he was insatiably cleared.