to now a lot dissipate, it's from all over the world from ladies. you said there's donations and to say, tomorrow join us and register now for the d. w global media for in 2024 and vision which is smell. do you remember from childhood days? the smell of grass? no, no, chicago, it's not. my mom isn't a mazda. okay. who is vince ah, nice smell when you opened the window on a summer morning after it's been raining of quick things to swimming, pool swimming pools in the smell of chlorine on crew smell of dunc food, and then install is more like the air in the mountains with the moisture troubles now quite take a little too much and how do you feel any smell that it feels like home?

what do you know about the link between smell and memory? find out why we so send a mental and other secrets of the brain. now on tomorrow to day very symbol of love, and they smell wonderful on that fragrance can also help you learn new vocabulary. according to a gentleman research team, the scent of roses helps the brain retain information. advice that we know that send plays a very special role in learning. so we've always been dates will come when we learn vocabulary or anything we learned in a specific context on the escape. 15 smells something that you often smelled in your childhood. you're immediately transported back to it and the contents of what fits into a level to investigate exactly how sense influence on brain newman biology is to you can call my on his team, conducted an experiment. a 165 test subjects were given envelopes and how to

study japanese vocabulary for 3 days. cost study participants had a sent it on the field with dried rose petals, the control group, and sent it on the loops filled with clean scraps of paper. those who was surrounded by just send a rose as did best to in the vocabulary test. remember, and on average 8 and a half percent move a capital rate. the team observed that the sense proved especially effective pointing to participants button to time pressure. that decides when there's not much time or there's just a lot to learn. there's sent appears to act like a kind of brain booster helping it retain as much as possible this month to move on to some of the study participants are exposed to they're both sent, not only while they studied, but also while they slept. the research is wanted to know if this would help the brain's store move to new information.

so i'll be interesting question is, what are the criteria for our brains to decide what goes into the long term memory and what doesn't? and beyond that, can external factors influence this decision making process here for an hour and, and that's where sense comes into play with come to, to fix. that's because sense can influence the brain while we're sleep or learning specifically to keep a compass which mediate between short and long term memory proceedings, miles is directly connected to the compass information of sold the same time. then it has been long term memory more deeply. at least not the theories and sleep also plays a crucial role experiments and a sleep navarro tree have shown that during the deep sleep phase, the brain reorganizes at least part of what it is land and decides which information is moved into the long term memory. sense effectively we activates what

was then during the day when these and then when what was learned is reactivated in the brain. the probability increases that it will be consolidated. it can only be in what exactly happens in the brain during this process remains a mystery. but brain scans show that smells, can activate the compass even in deep sleep. if the brain has already associated information with a sense during the day, the sent alone can help it to store it at night. one possible explanation to say nerve cells activated. so what we're ready finding when the person was awake, in order for the sense to help with learning, it has to be used in an actual test. for example, a vocabulary test. this helps the brain access to what it is learned, at least for a few days. but the scent of roses doesn't protect against guessing. the effect doesn't appear to be long term. however,

it definitely can help with short term vocabulary learning. but why roses? it's actually quite random. it was the frequency used in the 1st study on the topic . latest studies also use rogues sense, so that the results could be easily compact. this event is why we and many other colleagues use rows fragrance because the original study uses rose fragrance of a. but i'm firmly convinced that other fragrances also work. but that has to be shown, of course, in further studies. so it's possible that lavender posted trust, for example, can also help consolidate learning. at least initial tend, researches are still figuring out how the brain stores information in memory and processes that night abutment on that the next time someone gives you roses. they can also help you vocabulary learning skills on our

brains also help us feel emotions. the bose, which is a viewer from bosnia and herzegovina with a truly timeless question on this subject. watch is love. it's a sensation that puts up bodies interest a for the imagine. see, similar to when danger lose, the brains go into overdrive sending out a cocktail of different, new or transmit is that stimulates all senses and ignite a firework, of intense feelings. in the 1st phase of falling in love, blood is flooded with a gentleman. that's the same hormone that's triggered by exploration of stress and gives you bucks of flies and you'll stomach it causes ops, you polls to die late. the body is push on or not causing blood pressure and pulse

to rise. meanwhile, oxy towson helps with funding and developing trust oxy. towson is often the cut all hormone as it's produced through physical contact, documented serotonin. notice the happy hormones are, of course, also positive being in love, but in the early phase also are turned in levels of fluctuate. for example, when intoxicating happiness tends to desperate low name when we're separated from the one we love, the studies of brain waves show that being in love especially activates the areas of the brain that are responsible for sexual edges. so can we conclude that this homeland cocktail was only created by nature to ensure that we focus on one pond during reproduction? in time bodies get used to the high level,

the says of home in the end, after 2 to 3 years at the latest. the immediate thrill of infatuation is that we do commit to long term partnerships and are keen to help each other out. that's because with social creatures who derive satisfaction from supposing each other, researchers have identified specific parts of the brain that enable us to feel empathy. i found 20 years yesterday freshman. unfortunately, i've been strictly schematic because my research has shown that we are all fundamentally empathetic people very much so in new jersey to at soon when ever the situation, we simply feel with other people feel attached to the

ones i basically to even our western world. we tend to see each other very much as individuals, but what my research has shown is how strongly were shaped by the people around us . and even though it's a one say home christian kinds of is a neuro scientist. a lot of his research has focused on how well brains empathize with other people go his research with quite a preventative experiment. first thought into is for us to undergo an m r i scan to testing. if you want to understand how our brains enable us to empathize with other people's feelings. countries we needed to be able to trigger certain emotions during the scanner for this high speed or the most. so we had to find a stimulus that could be vocal, powerful emotions and come when i'm going to, he's got to be a good form. and one way we found him doing that was to place an anesthesia mask on the test person and then introduce various smells through the mask during the scan

. and i'm thinking most to get a whole chain reaction in our range. that when mostly unaware of within many seconds, we register whether this money is pleasant or not. and we respond accordingly also with a physical reaction. if the smell is repulsive, we owe to magically put a fake, some want to leave stomach contract. i mean street, in cases we might even throw up it was these kind of repulsive smells. christian kinases tested. i'm the one smell that works really well. is eric acid is it really smells like butter that's gone? really, ranch and golden lice. in the next run. the test participants, just the videos of people looking disgusted without smelling anything for themselves. the

procedure was shown here is what happens when the test participants smells something unpleasant themselves get kicked up. the so called incident or is exit, which we know is involved in processing smiles. where it gets interesting is when we look and see what happens when the tests candidates just see other people responding to bad smells given days to, to scans on top of each of the, the areas in white show where they correlate. and come on you, you can see how a part of their own experience of discussed was reactivated activity. it said then the in seen, they really feel their stomach contracting for example, to basically the magnitude or they sense the unpleasant taste or smells. and it gets smack out what would that cause, they sure. and the insane the knowing how bad we feel when we're in pain, we have an automatic edge to help the brain rewards us about

when we do something good, it releases the whole names. they lower stress levels and strength and remain systems that even effects of dna dining down so called risk genes, which would otherwise promote inflammation or chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, cancer, or dimensions. so choices of remaining healthy increase or but some people don't seem to have any sense of entity. so there's little christian kinds of studies this going to to understand what happens and what goes wrong. in these cases, we worked with a number of psycho paths from high security jails and also because of the most viewed job. and what we observed is that when the psychopaths watched others suffering pain,

the area of the brain involved and feeling pain was hardly activated as long on the tomb for the ice tips. so at 1st we thought ok, maybe you psychopaths do the terrible things they do because they just can feel pain in thinking kind. but psych of us are often very good and then the placing people to do that, they actually have to be able to empathize quite well. so the research has told them to actually imagine themselves in the place of the victim. he was currently experiencing pain. suddenly the brains responded, just like those of the sophie test participants, that they tend to be a good man. the thing, the one of us that made us realize that the problem is not that psycho pads. so run able to empathize. it's just that they don't empathize spontaneously, they only do it when they want to know done mid to finish the material volume. another surprising findings, we can old regulate on level of empathy according to the response to meet it. or

did you burn yourself depending on the situation and on your thumb? hopefully that's gonna include that. christy on kaiser is now studying whether it's possible to help people with mental disorders become more empathetic. t already succeeded in doing the opposite in another study setting that entity can be surprised if i do find the experiment was actually quite simple and we showed each candidate a person being slapped on the hand on them. and then we gave them 6 zeros each and said they could choose what to do with that. can these like they could keep the 6 euros, but then this poor person would have to be slapped again just as hard and with what does or they could give some of it away. right. every year they gave away the slap would be 110th less painful, because from that test, on the 1st go, they found the heart of the slump, the more money the candidates gave away. once,

once it's constant, then we measured how that behavior changed because when i use the magnetic stimulus to disrupt the activity in the so matters sense, record checks and teeth ends and lots of things organize can call, takes it touch through it. that's the part of the brain that receives pain, even when just watching it being inflicted on audits. the temporary disruption to this function meant the candidates response no longer depended on the strength of the sun. they couldn't differentiate the pain anymore. so several parts of the brain, the networks have to work together in order for us to be suitably empathetic, being empathetic, his own natural state. when we use that to help others, if you're feeling better, ask you to them getting the entity to actually make us happy and content which could help us to keep healthy in may

2023. this story gone at global interest, a paralyzed man walking again. thanks to electronic brain implants, these devices, we quote his brain signals and send the data to a possible computer. that data is been transmitted to another implant in his spinal cord, which poses only instructions the simple daily task of going to the market to get for st. with something that gets you on really messed the 40 year old with less paralyzed officer an accident 12 years ago. now he can once again enjoy this simple pleasure. the dutchman is the 1st person to receive a new type of double implant. that creates a direct new or electrical link between the brain and the spinal cord via a wireless digital interface. doubt to young can control his paralyzed legs with his intentions. it's cool, it was the 1st time i bought something in the market while walking. so the right

spirit, john comfortable, perfectly so he can do things that were until recently impossible for him. with a walking age he can stand, woke, and even climb stairs through training, his movements are improving from day to day. listen, you're scientists of being researching the technology for many years now in a fast version. that was just an implant in the spinal cord. the come ons to walk came via a tablet. now this and by the brain to a processing unit, and the movements a mo, natural socratic with the preprogrammed stimulation walking, was much more robotic. not very fluid. now though, because the brain directly controls the stimulation, we have a very smooth coordinated gate escape and we'll send updates in this with paraplegic center, the research is being followed with great interest. it's not yet secure,

but it's the best possible technical solution says the head physician. these are few, those are phoebe's is concepts. the concept within this development is fantastic to close time to come to i believe it's the future, at least until we have a therapy with which we can heal spinal cord injuries, island can assist you. it's definitely new and exciting and will trigger a great amount of emotions amongst our patients. so how is the is and by use i'm putting in this new concept, harold's a new era in the treatment of maybe 2 deficits in the future. some of the technology will likely be able to restore the function of the ohms and hands as well. brain implants can also use the symptoms of parkinson's. the treatment can reduce, trim is and muscle rigidity using electrical stimulation. many patients who suffer from the disease have benefits and jim sidle is conscious during the operation to

implant electrodes into his brain. the surgeon needs him to respond and speak. zydeco was diagnosed with parkinson's in his mid forties. despite heavy medication, his tremors won't go away. he's hoping deep brain stimulation will help. it sits on as we can see, the tremors very clearly. now we're going to stimulate individual contracts the day before the procedure. the went down for a walk. he's not scared. he just longs for the tremors to stop. you can see how much i'm trembling to that i'm not shivering due to the cold. it's the tremor hunt my handwriting is affected. i also leisure activities going out to eat with my wife. some people just see me for the 1st time. think i can count up to 3, they talk down to me. so 1st, this guidance parkinson's forced him to cut down his working hours. he can't go on business trips, let alone run them, our phone,

and the drugs that are intended to boost doping mean levels in his brain affect his mood. i want my life that needs to be done. at tubing and university hospital, they have long experience with deep brain stimulation. this brain piece, baker can be adjusted as the illness gets more severe or symptoms change to be able to respond quickly. they have recently begun to use a smart watch to measure tremors, agility, and sleeping patterns, bias sensors on the inside of the high can see your hand is moving about and also your arm a little bit. the vehicle does um those movements are now being recorded and stored . its like a long term monitoring fee and he's on that line testimony totally. numerous parkinson's sufferers have already under gotten this procedure world wide. it almost doesn't draw any blood. tiny holes have to be drilled into this go for the

electrode implants from there on it's a highly delicate operation. planned with c t images during the operation. measurements are taken to gauge whether the electrodes are in the right place. we're going to check the shows in the region step by step 10, up to flip the switch they have to be implanted several centimeters deep into the brain. tim's idle has to continue to raises on the system because of the tremor is also being measured via the motion sensors on your arm and the watch which we fitted yesterday with the well, if it gets done on the block column after 4 hours, the electrodes are finally, in place, no tim side will can finally sleep. under general anesthetic, they connect together the cables under his skin and implants, the brain pace maker below his collarbone. deep brain stimulation is becoming

increasingly sophisticated. growing knowledge about individual areas of the brain means more precision. as part of an international study, they are now testing how closely they can monitor a patient's condition by collecting data via smartwatch. we definitely have technology now gives us access to a constant stream of information. from what we know about daytime fluctuations. we know whether things are better or worse mornings or afternoons. we know whether a patient would benefit from an adjustment in the lead to long term suspicion from an annoying items to them for the treatment is working for teams. idol. he is back in the hospital 8 weeks later, for minor tweaks. neurologist daniel vice switches off the brain piece. baker 1st to see how bad the symptoms are without any correction. yes, your right hand is an out trembling a lot more to uncontrollably. uncontrollably told you on like that again,

my leg is a starting now. one thing i'll switch the stimulate around again. and the tremor disappears with the flick of a switch. it takes you a 2nd for when you switch it on or off the effect just immediate on like tablets that can take a long time. upside. i'm really pleased. it's worked for me to have something that jim sidle jim right meekly again. he can easily need and work in the garden with his wife. the other thing because i don't have to take care of my parking suits anymore and i can look after myself and plan and didn't join my leisure time. and i can do my chose again. i can also use a chain, sorry to cut down a branch, but i prefer to do it by hand, but i enjoy the fact that i can team is wife or even planning a trip on attend the elbow to but the procedure doesn't work as well for everyone,

deep brain stimulation can also cause side effects, just like medication symptoms can persist or return, but the 2 of them just want to look ahead. let's go back on quality of life. we still have plans ahead of us and he's so young and so he would have been a shame if he hadn't done it a shot events. enough michigan wafted another huge benefit. he doesn't have to go to the hospital as much anymore is brain pace maker can be adjusted remotely. how have you been likely? uh, i've had to take much less medication. the tremor is really diminished after the negative on the doctors can access his implanted pacemaker from the hospital. of course, data security has to be very tied a customer. that's what we get slightly increase the stimulation level today, and that's kind of i can do this right now. fire remote control. yes. let's try and

my stuff. it's mostly that. okay, then i'll do it. you won't notice much, but i've switched it from 2 to 2 point one. do you feel all right? yeah. yes. i think it's working. electrical impulses relayed via remote control just a few years ago that would have been science fiction. today. it's reality. this technology is improved and teams, idols, quality of life, along with it. if our blood is read, why do you have a science question or send it to us as a video, text or voice message? if we onto it on the shows, we'll send you a little surprised as the thank you. come on, just task the, that's all so this edition of tomorrow today, which was all about the break. we'll be back next week with most of the stories. see event and state curious by

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