or you're watching dw news of next planet, a looking at williams, the global shipping industry could potentially slashed it's carbon emissions. i'll be back at the top of the hour with more world news followed by the day. i hope to see you this, the can you see is what old car tires have to do with the production? here's a hands on the really indeed the snow on youtube. this engine is a huge chatter for the shipping industry to clean up a deck and runs on pneumonia and that means it can propel us it

without anything. any common in theory is produced with renewable energy. ammonia submissions are close to 0 and the shipping industry really needs the silver bullet . it's not responsible for free for center level emissions, but this micro to 10 percent, because basically everyone is shipping goods around the world. but this engine has to potentially to reduce those drastically. is this really the solution, the quick chemistry lesson before we get to the ends of ammonia, which even you'll, but if you use this, annual sweats only will consist of one mattress and at them and 3 hydrogen atoms what's not in their common. that's why that and any common emissions in the real world, it looks a bit different, but more on that nature. another advantage of the missing common item is that it makes ammonia cheap compared to other fuel options like methyl that's because for methyl no to become unusual. you must cap. so the carbonate limits when burned,

and that's why it's expensive to do with ammonia. there's no need for this so projections that ammonia will dominate the strip to market with the sale. 35 to 60 percent in 2050. but a few pieces of the puzzle are still missing a very big one. the ends up. well, that's one mess of ends. a, as of now, ammonia engines for large container ships have yet to go into commercial production . i'm really curious how this is actually going to save any fuel. as you can see, there are full cylinders. most people don't realize it's actually a cylinder because they are so we know each of them is the 50 centimeters wide. this is the research facility of engine design. i am am summit know them for the trucks, but they also develop really big engines. the really, really big ships. they were the only company that would let us boom,

an ammonia engine in develop it pack $6700.00 holes. paula and when it's finished, it's going to be as big as a family home. and this is the guy showing me around today. rushed most home bit strong. how is this ends in different from a normal diesel engine? first and foremost, we need to apply an additional set of components on the engine. and this is essentially the components you see right here. so 1st of all, you have the yellow piping right here. these parts deliver the ammonia into the cylinder to combust, but they are not the only mindful parts. so one of the most essential components on the engine is actually that ammonia shooting fixtures. ammonia doesn't have a very, very high calorie fixed value. so, so what is calibration value? it is essentially the energy it can contain within a certain volume, sofa ammonia, we need to have very low fee to inject us compared to existing fuel oil engine in

texas. and i think that is of course, a design challenge. this also makes it difficult to store enough ammonia on ships, but let's stick with the engine 1st. once a monia enters the ceiling, the end is supposed to ignite. that's when it becomes really challenging, chemically speaking, ammonia is difficult to set the light, as we can see here, inside the cylinder, it only self ignites at around 650 degrees celsius, and it burns about 12 times slow. well then, fossil marine fuels. that's because the chemical bonds with in the ammonia, a molecule our relatively strong. and that's why we simply need to inject this, mona mama. how did i to initial and stabilize the combustion? you basically help the ammonia to ignite with what's called a pilot fuel. so fuel that ignites easy other pneumonia, diesel, for example, like this. so, i mean,

you just look at least massive cylinder saying how this combustion also produces malta and nitrogen. these don't burn and slow down the combustion and a slow combustion can lead to byproduct and they are a big issue. the names almost sound the same nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide. nitrous oxide is 273 times more potent that's getting the front of then c o 2 nitrogen oxides on the other side. and this man has been testing the engine since july 2020 free and with over $0.30 as they have been measuring all kinds of emissions coming out of it. the good news, they are between 85 and 90 percent lower than those of a heavy fuel. and the major challenge bill is getting rid of both nitrous oxide and

nitrogen oxides emissions. so one big concern also nitrous oxide emissions with these engines. how do you get rid of them? well, i mean, you have a lot of paternity is when it comes to control, need to come rushing, pressure the combustion timings. and that by also the temperatures. and those handles alone allow us to add why deformation of nitrous oxide as a rule of thumb, higher combustion temperatures lead to less nitrous oxide emissions. but how much oxygen you put it also plays a role tweaking these bear me just can reduce the emissions. so nitrous oxide emissions can be dealt with according to m am, but they are still the pores list nitrogen oxides emissions. this is a catalyst and those require a catalytic reduction react to similar to a car. the engines exhaust travels through honeycomb like filters and cars. ammonia needs to be added as it's essential for the process to work. but in an ammonia

engine, you already have some ammonia left over in the exhaust gas, nitrogen oxides and ammonia, and to travel through the layers and outcomes. nitrogen, water vapor, and a small amount of nitrogen oxides compliant with emission regulations. this works rates when the engine is running, it's the power. but when it's not the temperature in the ends and decreases depending on how your engine is set up. this can lead to more nitrogen oxides emissions. which area what need to deal with at the same time, the reactors effectiveness decreases due to the low temperature and it is an ongoing on the project. and we will scale it all from once and on this so far as the lenses and doing that process, we will gain a lot of relative insights when it comes to important details. so it says how the note it depends when it comes to the emissions, etc. so right now you don't really know when such an engine would run at the level

of what the emissions are going to be. that is correct. but you don't really release what your car and findings on the level of and this is. this is an ongoing on the process, and once we skated up, once we get to that, which you and transparency, of course, those details will be communicated to mark. you being a critical journalist, though, we are not marketing people who are and these condo permissions has been underestimate to before. for example, in the case of maintain for ships that run on lindsay engines, a gas that is $28.00 times more coats and as heating the planet compared to c o 2. in 2015, the wording was maintained. slip has now been practically eliminated in some ends and concepts and minimize in others. and the d. n v g l study assume the methane slit fulfill stroke engines at 1.5 percent of the fuel. today,

we know it's more like 6 to 8 percent. thanks to scientists who literally oh, but lindsey ships with a helicopter and to measure those emissions stores this cancels out some of the assume climate benefits of those ships. why would you say that the police of please, okay. these engines are fine now? well it, it's, it's, it's a fast point. so when it comes to ammonia engines in the future, of course, we will have to provide clarity and transparency in the industry that by also committing to, to said, guaranteed levels of greenhouse gas emissions. m a and says the economy plan to deliver the 1st commercial design of the engine in 2020 full. the 1st ship, fitted with one is due to set sail in 2026. but for that to happen, even more things need to fall into place, for example. and so please to be redesigned because ammonia has a low energy density exchange or regular marine diesels. so that hangs needs to be

bigger, to pack the same amounts of energy. that's an additional safety measure because ammonia is extremely toxic. if you're exposed to it for too long, you can die. so you need extra service tang systems to capture and recirculate the ammonia plus good ventilation. and of course, these extra layers of security costs money and take up a valuable cargo capacity. and because of ammonia, a smaller energy density, it would need a lot more storage space, then fossil marine oil. but how much exactly we we have done of this study on a 15000 t u container, so that a robber launch contain, eventually that goes from between singapore and europe. this is close call god, who researches, how to reduce shipping emissions as an industry think tech. if you look at what is the traditional storage capacity in to i little maybe be about 8000 cubic meters. was a few months in equivalents of ammonia,

you would need about $20000.00 to business with. so the space that, that tank if it was a one to one comparison of the kind of really value you want to carry on board, of course has a huge impact. and you would risk taking out save a 100 based off, contain or carrying capacity. but if you build it in smartly from the very 1st day of your new building design, you can actually very small the integrated and have relatively limited impacts according to their calculations, up to 1100 fuel containers if you want the same range. so ammonia comes with a higher overall price, sick compared to fossil fuels, that is reviewed by the european maritime safety agency. assume using ammonia is about $3.00 to $3.00 and a half times more expensive. yet, compared to other renewable shipping fuels like method, old ammonia is still calculated to be cheap a button and the price of the green ammonia from this tank heavily depends on where

you generate the renewable electricity used to use that. and that's where another challenge stops. there is new green ammonia production at scale today. most of the ammonia produced to date is great ammonia made from fossil fuels according to the international energy agency. while bonding it is clean, lots of common gets released before that total emissions that even the higher than those of conventional marine fuel. for the production of green ammonia, you use renewable electricity just with water into hydrogen and oxygen using a process called electrolysis. in a separate process. you isolate nitrogen from the air. then very simply speaking, you put nitrogen and hydrogen together, heat them up, put them through an am calculus and a process called hob bush. and at the end of this process, you get an h 3. so ammonia, this process uses a lot of energy and for the ammonia to be sustainable, you need

a lot of renewable energy. so you do it in places whether it's a lot of sun, for example, countries like spain, sheila, morocco, now media, egypt, for example. many of these countries have limited renewable energy capacity install it today, and this ex, board of grid. ammonia could compete with the colonizing the local grids based the global shipping demand stays as it is now. and if we don't have significant energy efficiency improvements between non 2015, global shipping would have brought about 600000000 pounds of ammonia to fully do compromise. this is fake, allows off this sustainable amount of time transport lead fold a think tank, transport and environment. but some projections show the shipping industry is demand could increase by 50 percent between now and then. and that would mean that would need to have up to $900000000.00 times of grand pneumonia assuming that the green and when it is the only single on the fuel. the shipping industry eventually relies on just to give you an idea of how big of

a lead for what is needed. remember, the electrolysis must, so for electrolyze us for these at an industry scale, hardly the global capacity for these electrolyze is 0.2 gigawatts, $213.00 gigawatts have been announced to be built according to the european mo, time safety agency. but the capacity required to meet demand for mon. yeah. would be 2000 gigawatts. select with every new attack, it looks great on paper. no, or a very small amount of emissions engines can be retrofits a and it's scalable. everything is perfect. well then companies won't release the data currently, the testing it on one cylinder, they need to do for them. they need to build an actual commercial size engine and pass that for longer amount of time to get more data. so this technology needs to complete a little list before it can bring down shipping submissions by 90 percent. if you did like this video, please comment on it like it,

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