to manage the corners, spots affinities, check on some great cultural memorials to boot dw travel regarding the full life on earth is based on a versatile chemical element, carbon, depending on how it's adams born to each other, it can be as hard as diamonds or soft is graphite, when carbon bonds with oxygen, it becomes gaseous. world wide. it's these carbon dioxide emissions that we need to reduce. that's because the colorless and photo lift gas is considered the main cause of global warming. and that is the 2nd weather patterns everywhere from the polar forest in the north to the amazon in the south. the many faces of carbon coming off on tomorrow today dw science magazine.

the faces from the depths of human history, 20000 calling instead of in this from the will to for the 1st time. and the modem will for archaeologist called us desilva. the one positive aspect of the terrible drought pitching the amazon f. as in my eyes and yeah, there's more face image is revealed, the culture of the early amazon in people's gene was i think this, the roots are in the forest with the basis for the survival as far as you read. and that's still true. of many people here today, a fox that is become painfully clear. the largest drainage basin in the world is going through the less drought since reco keeping the gun. the difference between rainy and dry seasons has never been so dramatic. 2 hours from the house, the capital,

the state of them. as soon as the city council has sent these villages help in the form of clean drinking water, there were no roads to the village of john to it on a now boats can own he comes to the phone as the waters have receded ella and c. so, so data has to decide who, who gets which kind of stance. the band villages sets off in 40 degree heat over the hills that in the past just clear the water line. what was once a wide lake area has been reduced to a few rivulets. each family has received fortunately to the water, we joined the sea, so un domingos, even with a smooth black bolton boat. everyone uses here. it's getting hot, even hot, it's and make progress. inevitably we get stuck on times to try a different channel. we turn over the engine and move back a little but at some point there's no other choice. we have to get out to life and

the load domingos heads on alone, taking the heavy, kindest as to the house. you'll collect slater or you out and i'll say still out back the roof. i resolve the street here. well, it's the carpet that connects us with that here in our region, the river is everything without it. and when nothing, steven, in the dry season, the river normally laps right up to the steps. this drinking water is only enough for a few days. but when it's time to make another run, they may not be able to get out of you, even with the smallest of boats guarantee. as soon as you go, it's hard to hear today than it's ever being before carlo take way possible. you could only batteries in the shade with lots of code, walton, or that that worries us directly i'm worried about on late broken products in larger. if the fish die out there will no longer be able to fish the lake is essential for laza. it says he all along the fixture dying because the overall more

to count of sold enough oxygen on the regions. well, no river gulf in this on farming well either more than a 100. died in like to say, researches where we initially puzzle because dolphins where you've got post mortem dissections showed the high water temperatures, which topped 59 degrees seem to close the dolphin's to suffer a stroke. for climate researches like aram, is that a, it's more evidence of unpredictable consequences caused by disturbing the amazon's complex ecosystem. elmore mo, high and low voltage phases on normal in the m as in region. that's not a problem. what worries us climate researches is that these phenomena are they coming more frequent, more extreme and they're circled. this is the only new weather phenomenon, which because every few years is currently exhaustive aging these effect. but the

main cause is the destruction of the rain forest. where would you live? will marford you only knows, is driving moisture from here to the southern atlantic. and from on top of the badge my 50 for a station, which means there's less water is operating from trees because the consequences on less rain, brutal hatred with temperatures reaching 44 degrees associated as part of your home . it's not, continues, the consequences will be catastrophic, available for the 40 meg shaw and that will impact the whole world. he said just because the amazon rain forest, so ability to store and vaporize vast amounts of water helps regulate the global climate to use. well, board is always talk about apple and rivers matches of water that evaporate above the forest, and then the snow and south, thus keeping the global climb between buttons fast because water vapor buffers. intense radiation from here on deforestation means that less water evaporates

beautiful. the drawing season is starting earlier in any of in the amazon. so the water disappears, foster leaving ship stranded for weeks or even months on end with a safe hub or insight type boat captain junior sees a soul to be able to make it, but he was wrong to talk with you to buy. so we tried to make it out, but help arrive late on the water level was dropped really fast. but unless you send to meet us a day since we were fighting the clock, time was all right, any interest the sample you with it before you? nothing you need until the warranty of attends, the captain will have to remain in his boat to the tub potential feeds the west vile. the mom's home would normally be floating in 10 meters of water. now he's got to dig a well in the river bed to get water to live. while we use the water for washing up washing clothes shattering, we are chlorine and it's safe for the p is

a 1st glance to be a picturesque valley, is actually a tributary of the amazon. the growth still bears witness to the masses of water that have seats away from evaporated. the kind of leo and baltimore is 74 years old lives. i'm fishing now. he's stranded. i'm worried about that is the mo, the rain forest is cut down the mode. it to go to get drought is getting what has a home in front of mice for the time being filed, a mouse fishing, that's a serving a different purpose. the bed of the trip retreat is now a soccer field. and they'll touch pools instead of fish until the water returns north of the arctic circle, the permafrost is thawing due to the unusually warm temperatures. this is causing carbon dioxide to escape from the ground. the hot weather is also driving wild fires. huge areas of forest recently burnt in canada. will the forest ever grow

back? okay, so let's be careful here. viviana says there's been a lot of smouldering and there's a lot of holes in the ground. it's jennifer bell, 2 liters through what's left of the forest. even the earth, there's been scorched savage, really by fire. like you can see how deep the burning has been into this. these are pete. this is all peace soil. instead of the neighbor greenforest of black spruce, there's just tried trunks. after the 2023 wild fires, but the damage to the soil here is even more important most for us. and also the carpet is stored in the trees, but in this system is stored in the soil and we have 80 to 90 percent of the carbon in the system started below ground. and these beautiful pete soils that are when they're, again, when they're what they're resistant to fire, but when they're dry they can be very, very flat level. fires are actually a natural part of the ecosystem here in this forest bordering the arctic circle.

but with conditions now dryer and hotter, the fire is becoming bigger and more frequent. you know, we have temperature is approaching 40 degrees here in the, you know, we're, we're in the, in the sub arctic on our, to, for each of us. so things that would not normally be fuel becomes fuel for the fire, and it means that the fire can access and much more of the landscape and burned much larger areas. and there's nothing really to slow it down in 2023 canada. so it's worst wildfire, since record keeping began, the inferno was thought to have released 3 times as much c o 2 as the countries entire economy combined. this is a big concern of these negative higher year assessment. we'll see these burial for us and canada and elsewhere around the world. moving from being really important sinks that buffer some of our own emissions to being sources of carbon to the atmosphere with global implications. for several years now, more c o 2 has been released from canada as far as the intact forest areas are able

to absorb from the atmosphere. baltar inter team had been research eco systems in the northwest territories for over a decade. a power process at about 90 centimeters. 10 centimeters. i saw. oh wow. it's the measure. read what depth the permit for us to begin the far as north of the arctic circle with their typical soils bearing lichens. mazda is in pete store around one 3rd of all the carbon worldwide. okay, that's more than twice as much the amount found in atmospheric c o $26.00. so it's vital that the carbon stays in the ground, like some of the most carbon rich files in the world happened in for l systems where we have this is this accumulation of losses. that just because of the cold wet conditions, the star tremendous amount of carbon, these are also places where we have files that are frozen year round. and so if

carbon gets locked away and from across the season, it's even more, more protected from being released fat. this here, the scientists are investigating how big eco systems of the phone north are changing a tablet or breast hyatt 7.3. black spruce trees actually need fire to reproduce, and it has cold fits the heat of the fire that releases the seeds and the cones, but with more frequent and more extreme fires. the cones now often char completely, so that the spruce is, can't reproduce. back to the forest that burned in the fire. as young aspen trees are growing back in some places, ballots are nose from previous experience that the forest recovers to varying degrees. sometimes it returns to what it was before the fire. um, so we call that resilience sometimes it transitions to a different trace basis to the forest. it's still there, but it functions in

a different way. but where we see burning that's really severe or really frequent. these are places where we often see failure to return to for us with fires smouldering long afterwards. the fear is the good weak night when temperatures rise again. these forests are in an incredibly large, you're the untouched wilderness bouncer says trying to fight the fires is impossible. you have access to the forest up here in the north. for the most part, up here, the only solution to this to slow this fire cycle is really rapidly drawn down our greenhouse gas emissions surface. in 2023. northern canada was 3 degrees celsius warmer than in pre industrial times . this trend could trigger a dangerous spiral disrupting carbon sinks around the arctic circle that have taken

thousands of years to 4th the there is already too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. so what can we do? plants and trees are masters of absorbing c o. 2. with a use of light, they fix the carbon and release the oxygen. so could find photos, synthesis be imitated in the lab, and perhaps even accelerated professor to be a sub, has an ambitious goal. he wants to improve nature, or at least one of nature's most important process is photosynthesis. the process on which life on this base to take mentally examine this kind of goals, claim that voters synthesize, doesn't work especially well. but ponce actually live with it quite happily. email yeah, but we humans always want more efficiency volume so that we can achieve more with less. and that was the incentive for us to say, what more could we tease out of the system,

even though it's not 3000000000 years to evolve? why hasn't it go back to? can i re thinking to predict on this thing? during photosynthesis light was it on carbon dioxide? what together to produce a simple call them compound glucose plus oxygen. the glucose stays in the pond to neighboring it to grow, while the oxygen is released into the book to be as of is interested in is the process of c o 2 fix ation. in this cycle contests, it gets by one. so basically the question is, how can i capture c o 2 and convert it into useful compound, the kind of how can i convert inanimate carbon into something organic? when i'm being able to copy this fundamental principle, it's and we think it is actually what interests us in this whole matter into see how things like working part. so what if we could find solutions that nature has never tried? what is more oxygen a more carbon compounds could be produced using a photo synthesis that's been optimized by humans. to do this, to this 1st part,

to take a closer look at how pump very defensive is works. it relies on root biscoe an enzyme that's responsible for converting the copper dioxide with mathis. it will be for this guy to convert it's at a rate of about 5 molecules of c o 2. this function as you move, but what is the plant could have sold a 100 c o 2 molecules per 2nd took rudolph name couldn't so they began searching for an enzyme that was better, faster and more effective by trolling through research databases. and they found it in a bacterium, it's an enzyme that's involved in the citric acid cycle. it's called e. c o. exponents have shown that e, c o is indeed much better than we bisco those that converging c o 2 and building call them compounds. and it's less than 5 kill 2 birds with one stone. so we reducing c o 2. but we're also generating

a useful product that's more complex. the more date to that size. they've now developed. a prototype is rather like enzymes swimming around and the liquid. the task now is to incorporate this new operating system into a living organism. it's all going to be equipped with the improved ability to bind c o 2 o d phones could extract carbon dioxide from the air and use it to produce large quantities of oxygen and valuable call them compounds. and can see if this could also revolutionize the chemical industry, because i wouldn't need crude oil to synthesize chemicals. i could produce everything from c o 2, using light, all the petrochemical products i want. that's the big vision and sofa initial results and that a bar a treat that's very promising. let us read. why do you have

a science question? send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. so come on. just ask. this week's question comes from a viewer in mexico, the how important towards be used for humans. these are considered the 3rd most important live stock animal in agriculture, after pigs and cows. they were thought to be up 230000 species worldwide. we've been breeding honey, be used for thousands of years. species that are domesticated are known as wild bees. they include certain kinds of bumblebees. for example, these pollinate many crops and therefore play a key role in our food supply. in europe, 3 quarters of all cultivated plants depend going to be used for pollination.

without them fruit trees would only produce a quarter of their normal heels. incidentally, studies have shown time and again that the best pollinators are not honey bees. but while these one study looked over, 40 different prompt systems all over the world, from small scale fields to giant monro cultures, comparing colonization by honey bees with that of wild insect. the result showed that the same number of flower visits by wild bees linked to harvest twice as high as when the flowers were visited by domesticated bees. despite that honey beast continued to draw most of our attention. once back in the hive, the nectar in pollen bay collect is enriched with enzymes and packed into honeycombs. the sweet result is turned into products that are thought to be good for your health, such as honey. it's set to help with colds for sleep and blemish skin. but

while these are also in focus, researchers have studied the venom they produce. it contains an anti inflammatory compound that might be useful against cancer honey bee venom also contains this compound a, but it's a fits a stronger. so it also damages healthy cells. in a wild be species of variance was found that only works on cancer cells. that study also showed that bee venom has grown more toxic in the course of evolution. and now it's time to look at pete bogs. pete lands provide valuable habitats for rare plants and animals, and could also store in nor less amounts of c o 2. but that's not the only thing that makes them so fascinating to scientists. a well known result, meadow landscape on the baltic sea. it was an,

a bulk similar to this one that insect expert to be his mind to madison station or discovery not long ago. ready ready instructions on that important i was traveling with a friend and brandenburg where i come from the choices. we often hung the beetles, then the weather was good and i saw some remains sparkling in the sun. it turned out to be a beetle. somebody took it with me when it's hans. it clearly identifying most people spacings in the field mice that were over 6000 of them in germany. but they told him we knew it was old involved, but we didn't know just highlighted us with ministry due to the low oxygen content . and the amino acids in the soil decomposition happens very slowly and bergland environments. it takes thousands of years for people to form less than a minute. nature of new sonya is deposited each year. so 10 meters of it represent 10000 years of history. this main soil samples can help to determine the age of the

beetle. professor of people in studies on houston does one test on site. there's no signed in here at all, and you'll get it, but you have it on this and populate held. now you can see the best way to to get this signed in. it is with your t as on the website, you can send it immediately when you eat something. if there's something that a country loved ones on page doesn't crunch and run the approval. you can see this is a very dive, this payment. jesus is made of purely organic material. it's written material from this vegetation. what's the month of the all of these? i think it's actually, as the samples of been taken to the board, treat for a more precise analysis for the south in the area. a local fan around the town of light time also plays a key role. in fact, pete lens are excellent, c o 2 rest appliance worldwide. they cover less than 3 percent of the land,

but they store twice as much carbon as old forests put together. the lifetime of moles is also a breeding ground for protecting goods. so that, so the more reason to preserve it was that syria for the slaves, all right, and here is to buy for tech to climate and provide a great competent for wildlife and offer a recreational site for people to like many other pete and areas. however, the lifetime on moose was drained long ago to provide farmland, many types of grain only grow in dry fields. so ditches with dogs to release the water. in the lifetime i most conservation is now $1.00 to $10.00 box the truck to re which the bulk, the price of admission that 2 years ago. for the last 12 years they've been allowed to discharge water into it. again, the home depot, we have a government mandate re watching because we know that tri, payton and bogs home, the climate, and by raising the water levels,

we immediately stopped their emissions. that's the great thing about peyton's be watching. you defend this all the taking bullshit from the river, now a tributary of the danube. ideally, the bulk should be kept flooded the whole time, but that's not possible yet. strict regulations govern how much water can be siphoned from waterways when we say fostering and so much in summer, it's very hot and windy and the vegetation gross. so a lot of water evaporates. that means you have to keep topping it out. so i'm offering the working group is hoping to get permission to pump been even molten, but the changes already having an impact for locals like fama christy and maya the requesting is forcing in to adopt a free mind that they used to be fields here where we come to potatoes or cone, but with the west thing. so that's no longer possible. she saw a couple of things that movies. so he brought in water, buffalo,

other grazing animals, wouldn't eat much of the people implants, and they would founder and up all the ground. more farm is realizing they need to change. the coming is always reaching a point where they can no longer fund these areas any other way. so they're looking for alternatives. maya currently keeps 20 buffalo on his 20 hector's, but so things to work. more firm is need to get on board. the appropriate is government funding for these changes is limited. meanwhile, back at the university of christ filed in north germany to be his mind to enhance. you'll still not studying the beetle. if i could vote, if we remove the remains from the number of pages and then i tend to find them under a microscope using specialist literature because cooper student funds to be in touch when cases they can identify it as it can be taught. but honey, houston still wants to know how old it is using plant pulling every year,

more than $10000.00 pulling grains phone on every square centimeter of soil for these a potentate on a least caught in grains vary depending on which tree produce. then what it to you to a beach tree has completely different potent grains than a bush, for example. and different pollen prevails in every age because the vegetation has changed over them and then yeah, like the ice type. often the ice age, the only trees watch the butch and pine. supposedly it took thousands of years before the older all the alamo, the oaks came in. i saw none. so we found out of this beatle and must have died and ended up in the bulk around. so 6000 to 6 and a half 1000 years ago as i was on ancient beetle preserved almost perfectly by the acidic environments of the people intact. folks grow very slow leak, that makes them a treasure trove. the layers of soil revealing how the climate is changed over the last 10000 days. and that's all for this week and

tomorrow today dw science show. thanks for joining us and seeing you again next time. bye for now the, [000:00:00;00]

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no need to pack your bags just to subscribe already. listen to part fast and will take you along to the right. what is it that the this is dw news, and these are the top stories. negotiators in cairo have resume talks aimed at reaching a spot in gaza and the release of hostages. held by how much mediation is from the us, cuts in egypt, a meeting with a delegation from the militant group. the talks come as israel threatens to launch and offensive on the guides and city of rafa. the two's proposal seeks to hold fighting for 40 days and exchange hostages for palestinian prisoners