of course, you know, i would, i would take our pharmaceutical businesses and example, you know, in medicines i would say the level of competition is very high. and i've, i feel like, you know, for the most part, it's a level playing field. fill on this and thank you so much for speaking to us today . my pleasure. k. the v a. it's as astronauts on this spaceship called earth, we can only overcome challenges by working with each other rather than fighting from that way. this was the start of a new era ever months, and one of the modules were made with russia us, and you're on an old man and a comfortable it was a new world where we could work towards a common goal. this is a promising moment to the world had come together. russia, a strategic nuclear missiles soon will no longer be pointed at the united states, nor will we point hours at them. but the only thing given the current geo political

situation, it's hard to imagine and such a huge project coming together. again, we're talking about some, some of the cost of building weapons in space. russian scientists will help us to build the international space station e cause them for her. while we were preparing at the johnson space center, there was a post or saying 300 days till the 1st module long. she took up the pen was $200.00 days. so the module on, she's thinking, i remember how it still seems like a long time away. he doesn't know 25 years of combined that, that went by really quickly. this was the most valuable machine human kind is ever built. and also the most unlikely one we've ever built. the

indian home thought a new era in the space travel today, a russian rocket launch, the 1st module of the planned international space station homestead seal on inside and on the launch. it was november 20th of 1998. i had the entire crew over to my house for a watch party. and so we headed on tv. and we were watching. uh it is pro time rocket live, sorry. it took 4 of it in it successfully made it to orbit and we knew that now we were going to have a mission. we were going launch 2 weeks later. so it was a great joy in my family room that evening as we all watch. sorry, a launch. it was quite an event. we had a great time, the

3 to one. we have a booster. ignition and lift space are the ones ever with the 1st american element of the international space. and when it came time to actually entered the space

station for the 1st time as we opened the hatch and got it up. and i said siri had come here and i pulled him up alongside me and the whole crew went inside. but if you look at how we entered sir again, i entered through the hatch side by side. that's all. is that really important? if we're going to have an international space station we have to enter is an international across. so it's to, it's a trick question. i ask people, i always say, who is the 1st person, enter the space station and there was no 1st person. i had the privilege of being the 1st american and sir gave us the 1st russian, but we entered side by side. you just see the solution with that, because of that before opening the hatch, we decided was bump, cabanas pool, the 1st thing and, and who will be 2nd to meet there. so when you, when we also talked about why would you move move, you feel we look, we entered the 1st module together. no. then we also went into the 2nd side by side for good. we have great deals with mr. then the whole team came up with it and

you'll see that the team has coverage began beautifully today to part the the, you know, with the, the started. but i did serious it's tradition to keep a lock the amount. but then we just sit and it was only rise in the shuffle. commander wrote the 1st entry community of uh, charlottesville. the quick there was that is for them, it was a start of a pattern that we've been traveling together for 25 years. and if i do to has what's better than i, i'd like to think i captured it somewhat in the 1st log entry for the international space patient. if you read that log book and pre and the whole crew assigned it, but it starts out, you know, from small beginnings, great things come. and again, it talked about our, our future in and what we expected the working together. and i truly believe that's been the case the we can solve our dreams to distance stars living and working in space for peaceful,

economic and scientific game. tonight, i am directing nations to develop a permanently man space station. and to do it within a decade the the a suspicion thomas of back then, we'd also go to the russians room. we flew straight to moscow and said, hey, you've got your mir space station. let's do some research there together. and they said, sure, come join us. and within a few years we had actually managed to carry out several nations on board. mere

need on this one some of the months ago. yeah, i live on city in many respects, the ninety's was an ideal time to lay the groundwork for these kinds of partnerships. so the soviet union had broken up the idea to create a successor to mir was in the air. and the americans also wanted to build a space station as well. those factors alone were good signs, duties of and thankfully the collaboration came together and use that soon. at the time the mirror station was the benchmarks design upside. the 1st module had gone into space and in 1986 on. so the experience that the russians had had with the sell you had station and then with me or was extremely valuable when it came to designing the instructing and operating the international space station within the team. putting all folder and, and that's not the whole shot. sonya mama says also russia had always been a proud nation and they weren't good at space travel. they were experienced as long

as they had there. so use rockets for decades. they built the space stations, but they had a lot of experience with a young young ball. then the americans came along and said, we don't have the experience, but we do have the money america. so what happened was that russian experience and the american money were brought together lessons for the benefit of both falling behind to another kind of s good. that was the situation back then under that side, almost just reply to i to, you know, when i look at the partnership of the international space station is truly amazing . when you consider in russia the united states, japan, canada, the european space agency in all its partners, we are all working together on this is one, you know, 250, some not equal miles of, of the year, with a crew up there every day, continuously working together and so, and that's pretty awesome. and isn't very smooth with us

now when i come into a training module like this one, it feels completely different. i think that's on a blick, before i flew to the i ss, this was all, i'm familiar technology. it was confusing, i'm complex, a care for me that ever since i spent a year on the i ss, everything in here feels really familiar of the stuff you think differently about the equipment because you've worked with it for a long time. yeah. yeah. good phones, also toys show even with a space station that's, i mean you start to have a sort of personal relationship about and that's really some really good for him and it feels a bit like being at home. it's in the wrong stuff. so in this case, the, some of this is on the

scene and it was like the most special and we felt as a crew that we were really lucky because it had just been brought up by the crew before us and attached and all the space walks done to take the covers. ok. so now we were that were able to look down on earth and we didn't have the robotic arm station in there. they, it was like nothing in there. you can just go slow and, and look at hers. and it was amazing and it's, it's really hard to tear astronaut, so welcome to the coupon. it's about to get really bright in here. that's a hallmark of the cool below. when you come in from the space station and it's light outside, then suddenly it's dazzling. your eyes have to adjust. without this module,

we wouldn't have this one of a kind of unit, 360 degrees around and 180 degrees onto the earth. sublime is no other place on the station. is this incredible to visit the just minutes before we started this po event? my colleagues here actually they gave me the on an opening, the cooper, the shutters, and just that's an amazing view. it's the view that i was dreaming about. 4 years old movie shirley, earth is so beautiful from above. and so it's different to what you imagine that it's nice. it's not like when you zoom in on a satellite image where everything always looks the same, boomed and see this other thing we memorize all the space station is moving this to the, the solar panels are moving the space ships, doc, it and on. i don't, and we use the robotic arm to grab the sky from this what i wanted to document all of that and share it with the people down below

the, the, the one the, another somersault. oops. now i broken something to speak to the cameras flooding. okay. i got it on the phone. and 1st it took me a while to control my body and cause i was constantly bumping into things are colliding with the other crew again,

it was quite funny at 1st. but by now you're expecting to be able to control your own body and not be constantly knocking things off the walls and kind of extend the stylus one in minutes. and i put on the some, you know, the 1st time a space walk has been carried out by an old woman team. after $220.00 previous i assess space walks. nasa has finally completed one using only female astronauts. it used as good back in march, and now christina kotch and jessica meyer had their space was canceled at short notice, because they had nothing to wear, mix of sophisticated robotic,

or i think that it is actually important to talk about it as women. we also celebrated that space walk. it meant a lot, especially because the suits weren't designed for women in mind and was designed for a medium 2 extra large male bodies which also left out you know, smaller male astronauts as well not just women station. this is president donald trump. do you hear me? of the i just want to congratulate you. what you do is incredible it. so you're very brave people. i don't think i want to do it. i must tell you that a but you are amazing people. they're conducting the 1st ever female space walk to replace and exterior part of the space station. so i think it was really good that we pointed it out and then we're changing the new space so that they do take into

account the 1st bodies sizes. and they will be more inclusive for the people that will go find the stuff to baton on the i was allowed to mix concrete space. see what's concrete release is more c o 2 around the world and then the entire aerospace industry. so if we can examine this traditional material under very specific conditions and space in the end, put our results into a computer model with us all. and then we can optimize concrete to them and hopefully make a major contribution to combat in climate change, right? it's about getting them clean up one to 5 to uninstall space in charleston data when science is wanted to build satellites. the i assess was always seen as

a huge thing, that costs too much that's offers. but if you look at that size of the research that's being done there, and the international community that's coming together around it all the and it's really historic house in terms of space exploration is one of humanity's greatest achievement. what is either good or, and at full, okay, better than mine. and so i think that on the, the, the, the scene out that has this video has a serious story behind it. when i was commander hallowell and it came around, there is come on the spy, it home to says crew members have survived the boarded launch of their russian carrier rocket. landing unharmed didn't cause ex, done by the they're still use a capsule had to make an emergency landing after a major, propulsion failure,

northland us. astronaut nick, hague, and russian cosmonaut alexi of t mean had been due to join the crew of the international space station. or do i lie to him for an alex on that guess 1st attacking your car is here to come. i understood that i was now commanding a crew of 3 on the space station. ones is printers and i realized our mission might take a lot longer than we anticipated the slides or falls because we're not sure i said to my crew because they're going to ask us how long we can stay up here and can i do that? i, i asked them if they were ready and how long they were prepared to stay the number to do black. on their answer was item, as long as it takes to protect this valuable station that for the people to fix. when dogger guthrie says who done this month, it was part of my task to keep the crew spirits up a mid that uncertainty by knowing that this one too much, but maintaining motivation and a sense of togetherness. sorry, so that nobody got frustrated. and of course that's when i'll come in and shut the

flash on me. i brought the darth vader costume because i just had a feeling it might come in handy. though i didn't know how it was turned out to be perfect and the fire flooding and my 2 colleagues were really creative. i'm digging the sergey worked out a really good elvis costume they gave. well it was, i still laugh when i think about it with us on the honey because when they went to read and serena was the 90 professor when we had a lot of fun spot the this the i would expect it was by far the status day of my 6 months in space and your when you're up there, it could,

you can see signs of life during the day to come this. but if night life on earth is wonderfully illuminated by all the city lights in the back on february 24th. and we were flying over europe with everything brightly lit and talked to fluid. and i just wondered, but the suddenly we came to a dark spot right in the middle of your slide was so striking for at least this happens, it really hit us hard to it. is something that happened in that country. indeed, the whole country had gone dark. that's not what's only the capital keys still visible helps that key of everything else was blacked out, so as not to reveal targets for the russian air, straightness of beaten native trigger. we knew it was something we had to talk about. okay, that's because up there were a little family to be honest profession via vincent ed within that family and decent. we can only work together efficiently and faced the dangers and emergencies that come our way. but 20 minutes, i'll skip, we're all pulling together the kind of new my send into and i'm still on see, and then obviously it at some point i grabbed anton from defend his commander

rolanda, then also po to are in his russian colleague stuff. and that was, but i wasn't able to start an in depth discussion of people that the said was immediately clear that people had been given completely different information, contact info my to once the argument was being made and that they had to fight terrorists in the country. i've been listening to the listening to can well that's how it was on the 24 as the restaurant on pins finding the days that followed. it was relative, iced my, my to the tv at the desk. and also in addition to the, there was some discussion in western media and thought that the 9 cosmonaut were sending a pro ukraine message for community. but here i think i can correct that here in now condition i'm yeah for those suits had been chosen and ordered a year before the launch on the color was pure coincidence. i see these are 5 years later i saw all like flying through the station wearing a jacket and like i said,

aren't you too warm with that jacket on him with? yeah, can you beat around the bush for a bit? and then he said, we only have yellow sweaters and we're not allowed to wear yellow anymore. again, the police move forward is from ground control advisory board and on i gave him my blue sweater on so that he wouldn't have to go around the station wearing his jacket. if that's the only thing was to fight in some to one and whatnot. another thing that happened was that question, credit cards were blocked from western services because of the sanctions. i know so that included the music streaming service spot of financing on one of several, we were able to use the sheet that the, the open notes. and so all of a sudden my russian colleagues had no music going on, and we think that that has an impact on the cruise wellbeing now. so we let them use our log in once they hit the thing which isn't entirely legal. i'm all because act yeah, and that's mind, but it was really important that they could listen to music and relax up there. yeah. just like we could even come to open on to this. yeah. or you can also respond country via the

yes, this is us. couldn't the quote, but there were many reasons the, i ss, came into being the most important was cooperation void. there's still a huge demand for experiments and technologies on and experimenting on things we're looking. we're doing more experiments on board the i ss than ever before. has me a experiment as you need so for, and we have more researchers than ever applying to carry out experiments with us despite all that. the fact is, there isn't going to be a successor to the i ss as we know it today. i see, and this may game that we've been able to use the international space station to test out the capabilities that will be needing to go deeper into space. so the international space station has been use not just for technology pro, uh,

in terms of, of facilities capabilities, but also for humans as setting how the human operates in space as well. and so with the things that we have learned that allows us to be able to know that we have the right systems going forward to the moon and we're learning what we need to go to ours. yeah, hospitalization, because the space station is this massive entity and somebody who gets well suited to large scale scientific experiments. so now you can do all sorts of things with a theme, a comment on this, but for commercial purposes, it's just too big and expensive to tell you, maintaining it costs are too much pizza. that's why private companies now want small but sophisticated space stations and noticeable they don't need thousands of square meters of living space. i would flush, you just 2 or 300 would be enough. that's why smaller ones are being built now and see if you have a client that we've gone on with the. yeah, yeah,

contracts to help develop us commercial space station space. we're flying private astronaut missions to the international space station, and we need that time to transition from a u. s. involvement in this huge international space station to smaller commercial destinations in space where the u. s. is one of many customers, not primarily responsible, so we can focus on that job of exploring the on planet earth. the suit taishan is bringing it down will be much more technically challenging than ending the operation of the mirror station that's on the yes. as the i ss has a mass of around 420 tons. good. so i'm going to send as things stand today, it won't be dismantled data parts with each heart brought into reentry individually

. and so the whole thing, and it's entirely you will have to be brought in the re entry class to be and listen, i need to push a little typical live span of a space station is about 30 years. it's like a car after 15 years and it needs more and more repairs. and you start to think about getting something out just obviously it's by the get see, and that's what i think will happen with the current space station. just as repairs go up and companies won't be as interested, and they'll let their space stations burn up in the atmosphere. that must be the most uh, boot up with us. we didn't from mirror, we have experience and had to bring a space station out of orbit to be the something meter e, which was good. it's no easy task. technically speaking with my phone, he was more than a sample do because i'm a will end up helping my colleagues to make the necessary decisions and to deal with unexpected situations. if the arise goes to somebody or we can, stephanie to thoughts has been able to. but i hope this isn't going to happen in the near future, and you shall not even though the station has already been an orbit longer than planned to me,

but was on the escape. truncate this to nasa is already figuring out concrete scenarios for doing at the, from late model the process and they know what would happen if the space station had to come down tomorrow get off the americans would know exactly how to do it. and it can also be if it needs to be t orbited, it will probably also be one of those types of like experiments or like, safely done where, you know, it's done in a way that we learn from it could stay near this one. and there are plans to build a vehicle, send it up and have it push the i assess out of its orbit. i'm cheap, else i'll do a bond cheap. i'm done. then they'd let it burn up over a specific location. lots and probably the south pacific, which is also where me are, came down that won't take on this. most of it would burn up and a few metal parts would crash into the sea. let me talk to the men to done though. that's a complex operation. so that you can't just do it to excel, but it needs a great deal of precise planning, email, 80. so the space agencies will definitely be involved on them on to the isn't the

homes that are going to and have to stop by the problem. then i got to have to move it me well, be a really sad moment the that's how we felt when the mir station was brought out of orbit. let's go. so it'd be this done, say mute, but this will be especially said the other more because the i ss wasn't just a place where we weren't in the system to. it was also a place where we really live to me assembly. i moved in the midst of got to them with n, as really is really an opportunity for me. so i go outside and i see the space station go on overhead. and 1st i think about my friends that are on board and wonder what they're doing, how they're doing, got the moment and why not. uh yeah, there were times during my mention when the 3 of us on the space station realized that at that exact moment, there were 7000000000 people on our home planet and with an iphone and just 3 members of our species outside of it. was that and that's what you felt like a sheep separated from the her office from the attic. it's kentwood then mostly kind of like events. and you had to smile because it was such a crazy situation. and such

a privilege to an ad assisting customer to be the the i s s means to me, cooperation and expiration. no, only it was most of the future stations may well be smaller and built differently than what we might achieve. other unique things like going to mars literacy boot missions we're, all of humanity comes together to achieve something even more ambitious than the i ss of the encourage you this in the city. we all know that we can only solve the world's major challenges by working together. and the i ss was the best proof that that's possible uses this best advice for you. the mushrooms save the world. kendra one to many people. look, then say cats,

the country has a sliding mushroom industry conditions there are i d o for cultivating that refreshes unhealthy alternative to me. we could have bridges there in georgia with the, with the much much folks here for you and the shelter for the pico africa in session minutes on the w truly treated by western european patients of the norm and medical textbooks. does that lead to discrimination against people of color in medicine? does it result in false diagnoses? and more complications is the racism in medicine in 75 minutes on d w. we've got some tips for your package that zip code

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