said all of 45 seconds with the top speed of almost 250 kilometers per hour. incredible. that's all for now. thank you so much for joining us. by the way, the view will tell you. we are happy that we are boxing the story. we have a, getting a visa is more difficult than finding gold hosted to you and for the future feelings about what's going on in the industry. instead of being discussed across the continent, dw, and use africa every friday on d. w. get ready for an exciting auburn toyota for look, surprised. hi, i wish up. and i'm ready to dive into the hands of human to do you have you have

a one the front porch deposits on the spot and the unexpected side to side enjoy. this is supposed to be the next big hope for nuclear energy. it promises to fix all the problems with the additional, nearly a power making it cheaper foster and easier to build smaller, safer modular units, a game changer for nuclear going forward. it's called the small modular reactor and over the past few decades will than 80 start up. some projects have been working on this futuristic vision. but there's one big problem. so far on the one has actually been built. there reasons why it's more than what your director is not being built even though many people are talking about them. maybe a pallet is in the spotlight again as well, rushes to find clean energy alternatives. it's a modest could be a really use tools. so doing things that big new ti appliance come through yet,

and they have a leg up from a new of us because they could provide constant power everywhere. but off the decades of new to the decline west, some countries are really struggling to make this technology look and developing countries like china and russia and india seem to be pulling ahead fast. so the mazda is of all this type, and how can we actually make them happen? powell is a very divisive topic with a lot of strong arguments for and against the technology. it's a powerful, low carbon alternative to fossil fuels. and unlike renewables like solar and wind, which fluctuate based on the weather, nuclear as a consistent output, the i. e, a, an international body that advises governments on the transition to clean energy. physically, it has to more than doubled by 2050. if we want any chance of reaching that 0 or the problem with nuclear is that it's really big and expensive. takes too long to build and could cause the civilization ending disaster in the seventy's and in the leading up to the eighty's, there was high public support. dr. cra,

he could go to research as public support for nuclear energy in the united states and india. that momentum really crashed us through the eighty's and ninety's with the a journal 3 mile island. incidence that happened we made a video on the rise and fall of nuclear energy as a tool to fight climate change, which you can watch you. you can read as you're really struggle to bounce back from those big dis, austin's. and when the focus, shame and nuclear accident happened in 2011 the industry's credibility took another massive hit. but things are starting to look up again. public support has maybe started trickling back to pre fukushima levels and support is even higher for small moduler other type of advanced reactor technologies. that might be because a lot of these simmons have some very flashy advertising. westinghouse, 8300 small modular react. they're pointer as to more power plants while there are lots of different s m,

i was being developed is currently full main types each using a different coolant to manage the extreme heat of a nuclear efficient reaction. they are light water, high temperature gas, liquid metal and molten salt simmons. the most common type though is light water reactors. it's very similar to traditional nuclear power plants, which are almost all water cold. that makes it much easier to design and get approved as today's nuclear galatians mostly based on water cold reactance. so for light water reactors, the idea is to take a big traditional new to power plant, shrink it down and mass producing. it would work very much like airliners. dr. adam stein is an engineering research on consulting. he focuses on nuclear energy instead of how we typically build most nuclear power plant in the past, which is completely from scratch, easily mostly at the power plant site. if you think of a large jumbo jet, it's going to factory in a consistent manner with the same parts every time. with rigorous quality control,

dr. stein says, making it in a factory means you can keep the same specialized workforce, the same supply chain, and the same standards and just ship the already made power plant to wherever it needs to go. the small plants would have a much smaller output than a full size nuclear reactor. most definitions of a, some us put them anywhere up to $300.00 megawatts. which means today's average full size nuclear reactors, output molding triple the biggest as a month. but an exchange they take up very little space. nicky already uses the least amount of land amongst low carbon energy sources by farm. instead, boss could take that to the next level. and you scale one of the biggest small developers claims that this pelton the void to 12 would take up 0.13 square kilometers of land, but could output the equivalent of 18.6 quick kilometers of solar panels. so that could get nuclear power online in more places much faster. what about the risk of nuclear accidents? well, as miles have an answer for that too,

and it's called passive safety. in nearly all of today's nuclear power plants, the biggest safety task is keeping the quote of the reactor coolant off. if the plant suddenly shuts down and stops making powell, if the cooling stop circulating for long enough, the fuel will get too hot and meltdown. that creates the risk of leaking radioactive material into the surrounding area. if all the material doesn't stay contained in the cool, that's what happened at the foot machine. but if you plant in 2011 after and it was quite triggered a safety shut down, the plant automatically switch to its backup generators to keep the coolant circulating through pumps. but an hour later, a massive tsunami treated by the o as quite wiped out the plants backup systems, and 3 react is known to down. so to avoid this type of scenario, menu generation pallets and so use passive and self contained safety systems that don't rely on human operators or external power is of purchasing a safer than previous models. and many small safety designs claim to be completed. the passively cooled without the need for any external water either to do that,

they would use a natural force called conviction, which is basically the same thing that happens in a kettle. when liquids, in gas is good hot, they rushed to the top. and when they cool, they sink to the bottom, creating a loop to take advantage of conviction. these estimates have a series of chambers that can allow for passive circulation of water. the reactor cool is placed inside a lodger shell, which is submerged in water in a containment structure underground. in an emergency, the nuclear reaction which generates heat would shut down in the reactor would close itself off, not letting anything in or out. so to get rid of the remaining heat inside, the cool, conduction comes in as the water inside the coil hate stop. it rises to the top, turns into steam and gets pushed out into the largest shelves, which is kept cool from the water it submerged in. that steam hits the largest shell, condenses back into water and pulls at the bottom. ready to flow back into the reactor and continue the cycling. in theory, that cycle can just keep going until the reactor cools down enough to no longer be a threat. but while there's a lot of hype around these innovative designs,

the likelihood of s a mazda actually working out depends a lot on how you look at them. are they like any other type of energy solos standing on their own feet and making a profit in the free lock? it will, i think, a strategic set, the governments can use to fill the gaps while they stays out of fossil fuels, even if they lose money. building, let's say that firstly is the approach in the us and a huge sofa hasn't worked out too well. it was just too expensive. that stuff to frederick a freeze physicist, a nuclear energy research, and she says that despite us, so just some of us thought up some projects in the us and europe over the past decade. small nikia has run into the same problems as big nuclear with heavier regulations. project delays and costs blow out and because it's smaller, it also makes less money. has an os, um, it was the economy of scale in energy production. that the smaller the output, the less avenue you can make. so you have to have really tailored applications do

this to really, really small market. when you enter the rising inflation and the increasing costs of a central materials to make these ponds like steel, you got a recipe for financial meltdown that happened last november to new scale. one of the 1st and most promising us the most ups and the only one with us regulatory approval of to decades of planning the company cancelled its 1st f, a deployment over act. as an idaho, you scale us as a project called the cfp based, unique challenges and ended due to a lack of subscriptions. but many analysts say increasing costs played a big part. no skin was supposed to be built into the united states, which is long history and know if your problems that has the biggest. so the fleet and still did not work on to tell us like um, support from the government support from the regulatory authority. still, it did not work out, it was just too expensive. the price tank was like to kind of our thing at the end about $4.00 times than what they usually have at to mention except for plants right

now. a new skills president says the company is continuing with other domestic and international customers to bring americans some off to market, including a project to replace a deacon mission, to copeland intermedia with avoid some opulent. but new skill is an example of how tough it is for private companies and stocks in the west to get small, much more react is going. so what about that 2nd approach? looking at decimals as a strategic national investment that might not necessarily make a lot of money. that's the approach taken by countries like china and russia. small projects almost entirely, state rum, operated by national companies like china, c and c, and russia's rows at home in the past. countries that were able to build nuclear power successfully and have those be successful. industrial investments were ones that were able to control their costs by avoiding unnecessary regulatory burdens, and then also control revenue by allowing them to make sure they could compete effectively on the down stream that they could sell into

a market and be assured of a reasonable rate of return for selling power, that's they've efficient and economics and policy analysts to specializes in china's energy sector. countries like tied are right now. they do a great job controlling costs upstream, and they do an excellent job ensuring revenue for the power sales downstream. that's because even if you have a great design for an us a month extra, it's a quite a few different steps have to come together to make it will happen. is the materials needed to build the facility? you all have to be certified as nuclear se. then there's a workforce to build the plan and the workforce to operate and then there's getting the fuel needed to run the react them. so rather than all of these steps being done by different private companies who all need to make a profit, countries like china and russia and package up all of these steps and sell them as a bundle. it's not just the technology you're getting, it's also coming with the entire supply chain solution. it's coming with the uh, with the low interest loans that are provided by the export and companies banks, right. maybe the import export bank of china is giving a big low interest well and something like that. and for the current environment,

it feels like that's just much more compact. which is assessment says that approach has allowed similar projects in china to keep moving even when they run into challenges. in 2019 chinese national new corporation began to work on a 125 megawatt smile project on hang on the island. holding little one, it's scheduled to be finished by the end of 2026, which would make it the 1st commercial land based some in the world. and that strategic national investment approach could also make somebody, some of those that have really nation uses more likely to look out to like high temperature gas cold or both and salt reactors which are currently some of the only alternatives to cold for industrial processes that need a lot of heat, like making foods and then or chemicals. we made a video and most of the salt reactors and for him you can watch him. so that's the end of the story, right? state run projects on the solution that will finally get some all is happening and soon they'll be hundreds of react is being built and shipped all over the world. not quite. there are still

a lot of questions hanging of some of those that need to be answered before the dream of factory built nuclear can come sure. the world's energy needs are increasing rapidly and we're still a long way away from nets they're emissions. so well that's the most do have the uses, some experts say countries at the site to invest more nuclear, a more lucky to need bigger lot smaller plants. china is going to do better than everybody else and it's still, they're going to have this kind of impact on the d carbonized ation journey and on the offset a of coal attorney and well, public opinion on you can't use improving the idea of having thousands of small nuclear plants all over the world, raises concerns to some about how all that a waste is going to be managed. thomas and my designs have close to fuel cycles, like what the read the last up to 30 years. but the science is still out on that, and some studies have shown that somebody's using more not less new fuel overall. still, many advocates point out that would probably going to need nuclear for a lot longer than 2050. or whenever we managed to reach that 0 volts population and

engine needs are going to keep rising. and the strategy of using nuclear low side renewables looks like it's here to stay. so what do you think of a small nuclear reactors that are still in the comments and subscribe to our channel? we release new videos for you every friday. the fashion for big stars, me, and mckinney and slam of q data against all od david, a veto has to sound history to see that from the community like this time for you to become somebody like now the big time designer is encouraging people from to bid are to follow their dreams to global us next on d w. and who tackled to this special hot spots

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