crises was, every single connection mapped out shows the geophysical reality, the on the board is what makes things the way they are mapped out, navigating a changing world. now on youtube, the, what do you think he's trying to tell us? being able to talk to our fellow creatures is an old dream on one that still seems a long way off, even with the closest evolution re cousins. but the chimpanzees have something like that language. and if they do, could we decide to where it would that help us to better understand them? that's an older exciting topics this week in dw signing show. welcome to tomorrow. today. humans can talk

a scan. well, so we thought no evolutionary biologist, my low when others are challenging this dog, but we accompany him to the zoo. and this was city of bozza to listen to chimpanzees. anything here, then same coaching right now and are getting excited because there is some water coming out since the family's also been watching the displaying and his old test step as well. so he's just trying to associates governance and whose status and improve business. chimpanzees communicate with gestures, facial expressions, and highly specific sounds, but they don't form spoken syllables or words that we humans can understand. so, cracking the code of exactly what they're sharing takes patients. the

1st of all you call ask them, what do you mean by that stage? the key just have to reserve and try to understand when they do produce a specific cool or specific book innovation. when is, what is that context? what does it mean? and you can only understand that by observing them prime a researchers have been doing that for decades. and they now know what sounds chimpanzees make in what kinds of situations. there's even a kind of chimpanzee dictionary. my hello, who is looking into how the apes combine these noise? that's what we're getting at now is really understanding is actually going be on the dictionary and go into the grammar and the syntax of these elements to get his current. research is based on a recording made 10 years ago. when evolutionary biologists alarm the female champ with a fig snake. the snake is around there. so it's

a sneak presentation. and now, so this face, and she's standing up, so it's my people. and she's looking toys. and we can see she's printing something along who's with her needs and she's looking this thing in a tone barely audible to humans. she alerts the others, and now she's producing the about the combination of the cries, who and was seemed to cause other chimpanzees in the group to climb a tree and alarm and check out the situation from above. but did they do so because the elderly chimpanzee worn them for, for another reason to find out the route developed a new experiment involving a recording of the who was a combination like after this and quite carefully. because the around who's quite soft of the

oh and so that's the alarm who followed by the walk in you gone. he played this call to free ranging chimpanzees over loud speakers without a dummy snake in the vicinity. and we'll play it right now. just heard it now is looking at this because he just turned he said, and i was getting the speaker days. yes. he alarmed by the who, why i call the chimpanzee you performs the typical behavior is running on a tree. and after he's running on a tree thing at the tree and down that is typical and to say to havior, fortune has ruined his team, repeated this experiment on over 20 chimpanzees in uganda, and it always had the same effect. so it's the 1st time we have, everything's that same thing, these understand a cool combinations the same way we understand what the meaning of

a phase is based on the meaning of the words within the phrase. so do chimpanzees also have language for trade? we thought was unique to humans. the root doesn't like to describe it as that. but he thinks the precursors of language started to develop some time before modern humans began to evolve. the evolutionary branch, leading to around good time, split off 1st. and then the one leading to guerrillas, the common evolutionary line to let the chimpanzees and humans diverged about 6000000 years ago. so if larue is correct, communication based on combining sounds would be at least that old future experiments. most no show whether chimpanzees use other sound combinations to communicate. and also whether and how body language plays a role of the teams actually have quite

a complex focus and communication in, in the gestural domain as well. even facial expression is quite complex as well. so is just the entire welding and self. just trying to send these communication, it's very complex and we're just yeah, scratching of the surface right now. but for my in the room, one thing is already clear. jumped communication is closer to human language. then we once believe the lesson animal has in common with us, the more difficult it is to feel empathy for the taking extreme example. the locust boss, numbers of them sometimes appear destroying crops, then leaving devastation in their wake. but what do individual locusts get out of the behavior? why do they come together? deformed huge storms. and if we knew why could we steer them

swimming. lucas? millions of them, stripping trends back in the summer of 2023 quarters of kenya was badly affected. for the people that it was nothing less than a catastrophe. biologist, a not cousin folks from the university of constance was the she remembers. well, the insect likes, overwhelming scale. anyway, jania, we were really surprised how large the forms were, how big the groups and how since they were one plans, they could 5 thousands and thousands of individuals. so i heard about it and so they do as of all the states. but i didn't really believe how big of this was, because then folks as a new or biologist, she conducts research together with a husband in cousin who heads up the max planck institute of animal behavior. the 2 sciences are particularly interested in how lucas communicate with one another. how they form groups,

and how individual animals can influence the behavior of an entire swarm. yeah, i'm hoping that understanding the better understand what drives them to gauge with drives tend to move, what drives them to migrate, and when, what queues they are attentive to and the environment will help us to better understand as predicts in the future, we use a range of technologies to study this behavior from anything higher where we can find individuals with extreme precision to in the fields and using new computer vision of the track animals actually in the not so environment. it's basic research and it's still launched unexplored field in pursuit of pioneering results. the biologists have developed a range of unusual, technically complex experiments. the, for example, those that take place and the imaging kind of

a many hours help and stick mark is on the backs of 10000 lucas more than ever before. attempted other lot based experiments looking at swarms, only involved about a 100 of the insects this because shouldn't interfere with the lucas movements. we've never been able to get lucas, the full, not full swarms before. and the last, no one has anywhere in the world. and by putting together 10000 individuals here, and there's lots imaging hung up for the 1st time ever, we can do so they formed these real, naturalistic swamps. and why is that in full sense? well, it allows us to use these new tracking technologies to understand how the individuals interact with each other. local interactions over the scale of centimeters give rise to swarms that can extend up a hundreds of square kilometers. this form is digitized, every dots on the monitor is a low cost on every line track. the individuals pass the day to reach recorded by

an elaborate system. the 2 cameras film, the small amount of 100 frames per 2nd for a week. the imaging hang up provides up to more conditions. the temperature is kept to $28.00 degrees celsius. lights is the same wavelength as in nature. the stick is used for the 3 d evaluation on bothering the insects. and every evening food is laid out for the swarm. the big question is, who's following who the psalm has no consistent leader. and this has been again reported from field observation. but i think this is the 1st time that we are using, embedded code data to validate that by actually tracking the individual lucas, that is one means as i think that we have preliminary evidence for the other thing is about the social condition. so again, previously people have seen in the field that lucas that go ahead of the band. this

sometimes done back and return to them. so this seems to be some sort of social attraction or social cohesion that is pulling the 10th and lucas back into the band . and this again, we have some evidence of floored from the embed code to understand the bigger picture, the research just have to look at individual animals, how lucas movies and how it reacts to its immediate environment. have an influence on the entire room. with this experiment, the scientists are trying to figure out which new row new impulses make a look because jump or run a simple sim is. so i'm interested in the risk avoidance decisions on to examine that show the animal in approaching danger. it's just a black object with that's universally seen as a danger. i can have the virtual it's form react to you and then see if the actual creature reacts to the swarm or, or if it reacts to the stimulus of all those together. and we'll see ya bye of the same time, i can measure the narrow signals i send off. no, no,

not as not often. when astonishing thing about lucas williams is that they appear completely unexpectedly, seemingly out of nowhere. not because in folks in her team that will also looking for the key impulses that concern individual animals into members of this room. to do this, they put individual lucas into a kind of 3 d cinema that they are confronted with the control that the research has can influence that will. this system is a custom bill setup, which is the only one that exists. we designed it specifically to study locus behavior and to see whether we can what are the, who is the governing locus marching direction. while the locust is marching, the research has recalled the speed and direction. it's moving and looking for data problems. they hope to provide insights into how individual animals influence this woman's a hold on maybe one day of

a clues on how to prevent swimming in the 1st place. the observing animals in the natural habitats isn't easy either. fish, for example, take off at the slightest sign of danger, like when the times that tries to creep up with a camera to stop them from fleeing, it's important to keep a low profile, stare up as little sand as possible. this works especially well if you have fins like this route, thoughts which can collide autonomously through the water for up to 2 hours meet dell and under what a robot looks like a fish. it was developed by mechanical engineering students. this was federal institute of technology zurich during its dives through about films and surroundings and collects what are called the dna samples. genetic traces from

things like excretions that organisms leave behind. the team helps bell will provide them with more information about bio diversity and the health of marine ecosystems. so our idea was to create a platform that actually fits into the system and that gets accepted as part of it . that's why we then develop the fish that has like a fission is also accepted by other re creatures. other fish, just under a meter long tail, navigates with the help of a i. the marine robot is propelled by a flexible silicone fen bell moves almost silently and creates very little turbulence. if you look at the weight of the probably going into the oceans, the delta a, lots i the amends on the water vehicles um, but they are definitely very disturbing. and they're certainly not made to go into these more delicate environments, where we would love to get to the didn't the, from the depths of our goal, right. do you want to really go and day on the simons?

this is like a spy. it's just really t coming in and being a spy on the very life bell and other robots like it could soon be used by marine biologists around the world. by the way, you can also visit us on to talk to her. and we'll take that there. we answer your questions and clips that are fun, accurate, and to the point, but also based on the latest research, what did discovery even more from the world of science then follow us at dw science, trying to make a big leap from the depths of the sea to the depths of space where you'll find the pillars of creation. a striking formation of dustin gas, samuel oma from uganda, had a question about them. what uh,

if she dies over creation, how far are they from the uh. is this your permanent? oh, it's 10 years we've taken so what all of the parents of creation and how are they changing over time? huge columns of stella, dustin gas, suspended in space about $7000.00 like years removed. they go by name the pendants of creation because new storms of fluid in 1995, the hubble space telescope, deliberate, this short of information, one of its best moving images in the columns enveloped in a yellowish haze. geishas my time and space stuff. so young start screaming inside the pin is released huge amounts of radiation energy that causes the dustin gas to glue the different telescopes of set. the sites on the

vast does cloud images from the spits. the space tennis group showed the columns in the infrared spectrum revealing the traces of a cosmic drama, a cloud of hot gas and dust. it might to come from a stop that exploded about 6000 years ago. the, in fact, the shock wave may, has already destroyed the pillars of creation, even though they can still be seen a couple of images from 2015. that's because light from them takes 7000 years to reach us. the info, red images allow us to see through the dense dust clouds in the columns of transparent silhouettes against the background filled with countless stones, the dis line reveals the forces at play during starbucks. it probably originated in

a gigantic stream of matter. it checked it from a solar system that still in the early stages of development, the astronomers continue to be fascinated by the pillars of creation. no wonder then they were an early target for the james web space telescope as well. its images have revealed more about the turbulent, this is new stones and make the pillars of creation shine in even more spectacular splendor. it's all good is read. why are the do you have a science question for us then send it in as a video, text or voice mail. if we answer your query on the air, you'll receive a little surprise as a thank you. go on. just ask the strong them is also look up at the sky from the surface,

but the sphere and weather can get in the way of ups of ations. so when placing a telescope location is key, the high you have to come a desert in chile provides optimal conditions. the app is nearly always dried, clear and cloudless. it to him is never rains. and cities that could spoil the night sky with artificial lights of far away during the day it looks like the surface of mars. but at night this place turns into a paradise. at least for astronomers. i'm in the common deserts in chile, one of the driest places on of the sky here is clearer than anywhere else. so it's ideal for the world's largest telescope. stay 1st and foremost, the v o t, which is contributed to nobel prize winning research. i saw the very large tell us go for b, l t for short is one of the most important optical and for read telescopes in the

world. famous discoveries made with it includes the black hole at the center of our galaxy. and evidence of an expanding universe european southern observatory astronomers, susanna render, takes us into the nerves center of one of its 4 main telescopes, where everything is being made ready for the night's observations. a few less tests are running before the dome opens to the telescopes. huge eye on the sky. the past life takes here is complicated, so that it's not saying a me to main mirror helps just one end of the lp. on what happens is, light comes in from mountain. the unit of the mouse in him is often from the sky. it hits that may mirror electric, yet is reflected back to the 2nd mirror of the in that black cylinder with dust. and that's been reflected back to what's the mirror you? good? definitely up in that, so it's taking out of the main member of the box. what do we need from the 3rd

mirror of the light is reflected into the instrument, the records, the centralization of when the sun goes down, work begins up on settled out on a mountain. when everything is ready, most people here enjoy taking a break for a special tradition, enjoying the sunset together. the sooner the sun is almost set and the sky needs to be dogs, so we can watch the stalls. i don't believe as so we just getting started yet, get this listed. the night shift starts with dozens of measurements. everyone is highly focused. isn't to increase is to be able to control room where they control everything that happens up the with the telescopes. every single telescope has its own area, and that's where the engineers and scientists control it split us to the school. susanna rando need shift coordinator, steph, and me, scott, who's in charge today?

he's currently checking a measurement momentum for bucks. right now we're observing a galaxy him miss missing $833.00. and it's a galaxy where there's quite a bit of star formation going on. and astronomers are very interested in understanding that star formation uh these, this dan, in student to, to 15 with help from various filters. the in for read images give rise to impressive shots, a distant galaxies like messy 8334 click. those are objects here in our milky way, like the corrina or the or ryan that'd be less the because the atmosphere causes light to flicker interfering with observations, the astronomers have figured out a way to adjust for it the laser guide star. the laser laser is short, high into the sky, creating an artificial star 90 kilometers o avenue,

which we then use to calibrate tom measurements to produce a sharp image. which is the adaptive upticks and the v l team that we can get images almost to shop is a james with the space telescope and in the future will be able to achieve even sharper image is room has been made on the summit of nearby cetera. amazon is for the extremely large telescope, the e l t. when completed, it will be the largest optical telescope in the world. what it's huge and 60 meters in diameter me, but that's nothing compared to what the government the telescope will look like when it's finished. it will be 85 meters high. it's me to hook side to gigantic main mirror won't be 39 meters across and enable a completely new kind of astronomy. these enclose is

a giant leap forward. and i want to look out further into the unit this an understand more about it. on the c l t will be able to distinguish us like planets . for instance, i'm the right mosquito. see of a point. yeah. so it could tell us if there might be an a $2.00 out that is by publicity, the world's largest telescope is slated to start searching at the end of the decade . but the b o t will also continue to look into the big questions. and to develop new technology like the v l t i as a huge mentor for rom at or the optically conducts the measurements of all for telescopes. yeah. like just taken uncorrelated with respect to mirror is yes. so wave chris, a super imposed wave chris on that and it's done it. wavelengths of 2 to 2.5 micro meters, 10, they have to be put together very precisely with these mirrors because it's really a mind boggling achievement,

localize the tongue. i as in how far from the max punk institute for extra terrestrial physics, and if the technical university of munich works with the v l t t and his team developed an instrument, they called gravity. sydney visible the motion of the stars around the subject areas, a giant black hole at the center of our galaxy. the work also provided more proof for hind steins, general theory of relativity must be its most. what we want to measure now is whether the prediction is correct to work. this is the black hole really only determined by the rotation of space, time and mass, or a space time strangely deformed, who wish for form c, i use it maybe egg shaped or shape like a clover leaf. you could determine that from the shape of stellar orbit is done gone from missiles your one to 500 black holes will play a star enrolled in solving this big physics puzzle. i have denied

that. so we have time for on tomorrow today. the science show, thanks for joining us and see you again next week. but for now the, the, the, the,

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. this is the, the news my from the and she is fighting rages in ukraine's east. this russia games ground. and you have a city on how to president savanski wants the late is flushed and flushed. could be the 1st wave for why the offensive. let's just out at western allies. they exist in decision is cost in ukraine. danny, fighting and roberts in northern gotta again us, is there any soldiers special? how must by just in general. yeah. just hours and yet is what else? um me because of the bodies of 3 hostages, taken by how most they were among those killed as a music festival during the october 7th tara attacks.