the farmer's responsibilities to feed over a 1000000 people across the globe. and in and ever changing was, this is not an easy task. hello and welcome. i'm sorry you got the body and you all watching equally into the matters between deck and tradition is what follows. need across the group that shows us ways to deal with the new challenges in a world where everything is changing the environment rather back to him than even economies. why traditional knowledge and varieties show us how to withstand these challenges. and speaking of more than agra, dec let's head to the northern states. so how do ya know where a tech solution is really helping the farm was? drones are now monitoring blonde growth and also detecting diseases. invest in for stations. these drones have made the application of fertilizers and pesticides far more efficient. why also protecting the soil health farmers as leaping economic benefits? but here in this case, this technology also has a social impact. more,

ne is the only lead agent and how do you on the state and it's way on the cut on it's her days begin early so she can finish hotel was in the morning and then she had still cosmetic store that she runs, which also doubles up as the village drones into i'm because the only woman in the district was authorized to fly a drone. the villages now called hood drawn d d, a drawing system. the said this happened because of a size head group because i'm the guy is one of more than 10000 women across google india who are being trained as june pilots for the funding sector. the central government initiative was launched in march 2024. the program is being held as w 3 women at the forefront on today. um, because visiting a we teamed with day,

which labor does normally carry out the tasks that her drone will take off of these can include monitoring fields, spring pesticides, and sometimes sewing seats. she charges up to $200.00 rupees or the equivalent of 3 rows per april. the bottom, it's very difficult to work in the mountains. i have 4 and a half acres of farmland and it's stuff for even 2 people to manage the spring together on board and we didn't put them in or not, but they, but it was completely in the book. the slots was on the card today to test the drawing for spring pesticides. since the program is still in the pilot phase, the services being offered to anyone who might be interested in trying it out. i have 4 and a half acres of weight and how much time will it take? one echo will take 15 to 20 minutes. display. the comments are based on the size of the psalms,

it would take 90 minutes for all 4 and a half acres for business. if we had done it manually, it would have taken and dialed the order and take it off. well, i would have last 5 or 6 hours me open and put it up there to make this i'll pick up at what i'd be like. by the way there's, i'm looking at upon checking base. and before that, anyone got into the cost of training for the lives of and drones are being covered by some of the largest 4th level manufacturers in the country. not everybody's happy with the development and doing professional winode, camacho driven in punjab university. he believes a program and increased the dependency on chemicals in the region, which is harmful for the land. and it's people gonzagos tamale's. so you'd get sort of these drones will mostly be used to speak best of slides and fungus slides, which a harmful devote o c o. leo. when follows use a chuck the dunk for spring. they could spray under the plans for the withdrawn to recover the entire area from above. so they missed the best that tend to be hiding

under the leads. that means of john, so best would be eliminated, will decrease and the use of pesticides will continue to increase the model. but then if you decrease the amount of chemicals along with it would suddenly be an explosion of the best population. or i don't think i'm going to get if i will open the population barometer. according to dr. child, see the increase dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides will inevitably work against the interests of the farmers. legend anything more profits for manufacturing companies? slowly kinda so gradually farms realize the overall costs design increasing. that's when they get. so there's very little chance of something like this. benefiting the fall most from the long run. so but the, the only beneficiaries would be the companies. so it would have been better if drones where used to spray organic floodlights of organic for the life of good had said he was the environmental and health impact. but there are still open questions . who would pay for dues for the life of?

well, that'd be enough for all the families who need them. in any case, the drawing program has already had some positive social impact, of course, to somebody who may have hooked back. some people in society look negatively at a woman. if she steps outside of a home, got good news is that a they don't even care what kind of work she's doing, never gone. but since i've received a drawing, the negative attitude of people has done much more positive to me, but then it wouldn't be worth it yet. let's see, it says have groups like these plans to train more women and hope and follow them. if the impact on health, the environment and on jobs has addressed this program, could be a huge support of the people who do the hard work of funding in india. a lot of hard problems. i know slugs digitally from

a teachers and dock though. so even yoga instructors, a lot of them are available online. what does almost could do the same with the issues that they faced on the fields and with the crops. you know, the gradient economy like india, which has or would it $20000000.00 active internet use us hoffer full are of, from google areas. this could be a great idea. if appliance in the field looks unhealthy, these farms pull out the phones, take a picture and find out right away whether the plant is diseased. the app i don't know is, is the photo and is needed, provides help with treatment. let me fix it a little can't. it's just like a crop doctor. i it plays the same role in my life. as my personal doctor does. all you'd identifies chronic diseases and suggest treatment and prescribed medicine and treatment options. but the medicine billy, people taking a smart phone into the field alongside to her and shovel has become part of

everyday life. the indian farm is the potential of digital tools in agriculture. in india is huge. almost half of the population works. and as a cultural set to it's very difficult for people to correctly identify disease within a kid. i. the app can do this within seconds, directly in the field. but how exactly does it work? the quote that you will not be including the using the app is very easy when you 1st opened plastics on your android phone. next, you have to take a picture. we are taking pictures, particularly after snap in the photo. it needs to be uploaded to the app 1st identifies the crap football, upload i a valid competence and all that this data is then processed in germany by planting, which is part of the home pharmaceutical company. the found just started out of students that the university of honda is experimenting with tomatoes. this would

then be central a service analyzed by the bureau network as we, as it does is called. so it's basically a model that 6 a did unique finger print off a certain disease or past and would then return the results circle drawn. doctors help the image data base to categorize pictures that it doesn't know. this is how the a lunch so that it can lights and make recommendations. symptoms by entering news, there's the symptoms to diagnose the disease. there's a yellowing of the leaves starting at the margins. the i'm says that there is no disease, but the potassium deficiency around a 1000000 farm is already use. the plant takes up almost exclusively in india. the apps image database contains 35000000 pictures of different clogged diseases, ensuring an accurate diagnosis. you know, 700 different crap problems on 30 different crops, potentially not because it's just too much to,

to know. and it's also some kind of diagnostic that's tough for human to do. if a disease is detected, the app recommends the relevant tests assigned to uses and shows where it can be purchase. but local retailers don't always have all the products in store which can lead to farm is buying the wrong items or even fakes. there's tons of consequences . we estimate that roughly half of all the product sold in india, and probably also in other countries in the world are not suited to treat the profit. we've tried to make, 1st of all the prescription correct. and secondly, have farmers to buy products that are from where reputed organizations, where we know that the, the, these are really good. how to the products farmers report best to harvest since using context foundation. there was a fast, reluctant to trust, a livelihood just to the bottle as i can if i didn't trust the app in the earlier

months. but later, when i start taking pictures of the diseased prompts for the apps mark features of suggesting the right treatment to make me feel more confident. welcome. let's go for the look for the one of them. what today is mid? this is going to say, hey, i would replace palm is know how and experience any time soon. instead, artificial intelligence is a supplement that makes working in the fields just a little bit easier than technology or as it goes to the policy. farmers need all the support that they can get in in deaf almost. i've been broadcasting for weeks. why not show the main reason is is rapidly declining profits and not just in the fall most across iorio pub in front testing is what the government's agree. policies need to align with the needs of pharmacy because of a former, gone to operate sustainability and profitably,

then our economies and our kitchens are both pet and farmers are furious. the farmers have been demonstrating all of the content from portugal to lobby a to remain, you know, to, from the know there are so many specific rules. and in the end, we can no longer produce at a low price of on separate how about people who don't get farming is our passion and we want to be able to make a living or more. somebody shoes are more localized and friends in germany. the dentist have focused on the reduction of diesels subsidies. farmers in greece are still reeling from floods in 2023 and are also demanding foster compensation for damage from natural disasters in hungary and poland. farmers complain about imports of cheap grain from ukraine, since russia's invasion use waived tariff funding, ukrainian grain and produced as a measure of support after russia blocked to major ukrainian ports in the block c. but whether it's diesel subsidies for damages or green imports, there's a common thread running through all the protests. farmers feel left alone and overlooked by their government. and if you're used to the cold hard numbers,

this might well be true. it's just a fact that over time agriculture tends to shrink relative to other sectors of the economy. stuff on common, top it out as an economist whose research analyzes agricultural policies. he's been a consultant to the world bank and several national governments. this is because g d, p growth becomes more and more concentrated on industrial goods and especially services . overtime european farms are dying out, decreasing by roughly a 3rd since 2005. still a point. 7000000 people worked in european agriculture in 2020 and that doesn't include seasonal workers who often labor under precarious conditions in europe in the us. the farming population has shown elevated suicide rates. being a farmer as not only having the job as a follow, but really or giving, giving haul in matter you find maya has a, as an agricultural economists to research as the social side of sustainable food systems. farmers, suicide rates in india, the world's most populous nation. are dire in 2022,

at least 30 farmers took their own lives every day. and we can look again to their shrinking roles. agriculture here. the lead has spring significance, you know, reducing one leader on the importing 15 percent of the, the countries versus jobs and agricultural economists to india as institute for economic growth purchasers gathering in the breadbasket northern instead of punjab . once a governmental guarantee, a minimum price for all of their crops. so whether it's india or europe, from where you're struggling or losing relevance in our economic system. and it shows the ways in which the system is stacked against on the well across the value chain is not distributed enough, fairly men of even even not as the political secretary of a federation. the advocates for european farmers and farm workers for the day. and that's in the forts manufacturers. a good thing, like the biggest share of the volume, which is produced in the ugly 4 to 6 top and bottom of some sort of on what goods

which are like in the bottom of the book, these follow chains in europe. there's a pretty easy target for all that pent up in newer that you commission and brussels . the payments are calculated based solely on how big of the farm is. the link itself, the subsidies to the phone. the land is one of the biggest problems because it gives the favor to the ways of production that we want to change. this means the policy of rewards industrial farms which tend to be mon, or cultural corporations. most european funds are small, however, 2 thirds are less than 5 hector's and almost all of those are family funds with an aging populations. as of all that weren't complex enough already, under climate goals, your, it has lofty plans to become the 1st climate neutral con, by 2050 agriculture is responsible for more than 10 percent of total e greenhouse gas emissions. a relative to the size or the overall economic importance of the sector, it produces disproportionately

a large share of greenhouse gases. so what are the european commission to make a green deal along with the firm to fork strategy within a this policy trust to make fruit systems more sustainable. and this is where we start running into tensions. farmers of revolted against greendale policies, like phasing of diesel subsidies, reducing fertilizer and pesticide use, and setting aside land for bio diversity. they say the rules don't compensate them for the income loss, and the farmers are taken to bigger share of the responsibility. so it was there something about all of this the just isn't working a lot. but the problem with the policy is that it is a bit gets a frantic. um, if it's meant to be income support, then you think, you know, we should be targeting smaller firms with low income, more and not the big farms. the question is whether it's really designed to be income support in the 1st place because of the purpose of the policy is for environmental welfare. well then, big firm should be getting more payments because a big farm is affecting in the environment on

a much larger number of factors. so the main problem, at least from my perspective as, as a policy analysis, is that, that the policy is not certainly clear what the main priority is. you're trying to pursue to different goals with one policy and with one tool. and that's not really effective. so far, the european commission has back peddled on some of its policies because of the protests for instruct its fuel subsidies and the scrap the plan to reduce pesticides. as for ukraine, the european commission will extend its transport to until 2025, but other than measure to prevent too many ukrainian products being sold in the states. but all of this might just be popping painkillers for long term solutions. a bigger shift in policy would be needed to help farmers and address climate change . one solution could be to focus the policies around the environmental aspects of a feed system, not subsidies. income support is in the european union, a national policy priority. the social policies or national priorities that

shouldn't be coming from brussels. it would then be up to the individual member states to support their farmers. they would have more flexibility and shaping their subsidies, which could support smaller firms and create incentives and financial support for more ecological practices. changing the food system, of course, and pates me, you the consumer breakdown the, the environmental costs simply isn't priced enough into our purchases. raising those prices would be necessary. and in turn, change or consumption habits. for farmers in india, price controls look necessary given that roughly 50 percent of the countries workforce as an agriculture and the long run differentially develop uh most of the deep from government. zooming out, maybe a healthy dose of reality is needed and thinking about climate change and the struggles of agriculture. agriculture is a sector that's probably never going to be completely climate neutral. that's the, you know, but the nature of things that said i'm, we're talking about food,

which is a necessity at the end of the day. farmers are the ones providing are food. their anger is understandable that can a, i have really made things simpler for farmers in many ways. but tech can not predict or control everything, like several actually events, including what can it get options that can have a major negative impact on agriculture. let's take a journey back 200 years to a while you can or that's to fascinate scientists, or what you can, which is surrounded by fuel cause tables of evil spirits. i'm accost. from time to time, the volcano, we mix large plumes of steam and is still monitored to the town bar. on the indonesian island of some of our may be largely quiet, but in the year 1815, it's a russian was so powerful. it was heard 2000 kilometers away. the rupture of 1815 deposited millions of cubic meters. volcanic material on some of our island to him

by law. i'm going to say it's believed 90. 2000 people died and all 40000 straight away. but it will be the, the, that it and it's, it, the day we have these beautiful scenery with the money. and we can see what happened in a 1015 here. i find nothing about them but to be a rupture. and was the most powerful in recorded history and event with dramatic consequences. worldwide. climate data confirms that global temperatures cooled by one to 2 degrees with the sunlight blocked out by particles released into the at the i came by. yeah. so the by 100 and those aerosols have a cooling effect on the earth done by the crops fail thing to be, not that many animals can't find enough food. and so what are we going to say about

that? just to be back near to see the energy released was equivalent to 6 and a half a 1000000 times. that of the bonds dropped on hiroshima a disaster from many agrarian societies of the time. in parts of asia, the monsoon rings were disrupted leading to drought. while in europe, the cold and rain destroyed prompts and caused a wide spread. simon, disease and economic turmoil. the crisis made its mark on artists and writers. it's believed to have inspired mary shelley's novel franklin style paintings like this one by german artists hospitality which captured the striking skies and the glue that shrouded the or the unprecedented catastrophe. fuel create to 50 across the continent. indonesia is situated on the pacific ring of fire, mountain bora, on some of our is just one of more than

a 100 active volcanoes. there. this called debra, is also a legacy of the 1815, a rupture. today the area around mount time, laura is a national park. it takes 2 days to reach the edge of the crater. for many people in indonesia, volcanoes have spiritual significance. sweet spot miss timely filing, a witness that 1st half, 1847. take time to time for and depend the depiction of the rupture and of the year 1815. in this pamphlet, he described how local people warrant him against climbing the volcano. wherever you set foot and fire a reps from the ground, people spirits inhabit the mountain. and those who want only to ascend in that region of kelly spear it's are faded to suffer storms, tempest and certain perdition. the i've been yeah. the word come bora comes from the word and bora. bora means to disappear in indonesian who lives with that time.

front of a, as in tom bora, it means inviting them to disappear. to me, i think on one that led to disappear into my team on the line and get the, the nowadays people know a lot more about the rupture of the volcano than they did backs in geologist, climate, scientists and even social scientists are all interested in the global effects of that huge natural disaster in europe. it led to a year without the summer and assets of the a rupture and cut 10 boar in half the battery, but not but at the number of elkin ologist believe or subscribe to the theory that the summit of mountain bore. i'm authorized. 4000 meters above sea level one met that a battery, but i'm not allowed. and because of the $1015.00 a rupture and it was essentially cut and a half ago, and what remains is only 2800 meters above the sea level. and what about this?

again, my thought on that one more time allows the night sky on our ascent was peaceful. nothing like the evening of april 5th, 1815 when the 1st pillar of fire luminated the night. the infernal lasted 7 days. mountain boar is what is called a strato volcano. it was formed in many geological layers and as a steep, narrow cone. so could interrupt again one day. over the past 20 years, the region seen many periods of increase seismic activity, small tremors and the ground that these are moving out of 127 active volcanoes in indonesia, almost 80 percent of them are between 70 and 80 percent of them have an observatory station kind of, we even have one volcano monitored by 3 observatory stations. i'm up. each station has a size mcgrath up, since they have the size of the graphs and binoculars that are they measured the

wind direction and the temperature in simple that they have their him a couple of sensors to measure the temperature of humor rolls and sold the target list and so forth. we might also, i thought, is my goodness. but why was the impact of the drug guns corruption of $1815.00 so far reaching so, but kind of low the level suddenly a little bit when a volcanic eruption injects action of what the tacit and gas is into the atmosphere, i've gotten into the stratosphere. so by that all you haven't for the day for a sulfate aerosols, or which the earth's rotation helps spread around the globe, the bubbles in 18. 47. when he was telling us, arrived back safely from his ascent. his return was seen as a good omen. it was thought the curse had been lifted and the evil spirits banished the hope was that the disaster of 1815 would never come again. the celebratory gun fire ex stations and singing went on until dawn. but in 1967

there wasn't another erection. it was much smaller though, and didn't have the disastrous global impact that the one a century and a half earlier had are there any substitutions that you are seeing around you? do let us know you can email also or reach out to me directly on my social media handles. i will see you next week until then take care goodbye. thomas gosh, the

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