greatest legends. optics on the w, close up loops of lights, making cod ties is such a big fight to well rain forest. i've been visual and say with us, i'll be back next out. we will, we'll get the type of data so much for the 1st 4 years. the sisters have been in a coma close by persecution and flight. meanwhile for con dreams of another load wake up on last starts june, 1st on dw tropical rain, forest surrender threats with more and more of them being cleared to make room for

rubber plantations. because rubber is a key component of car tires. if we don't change our mobility to the mentor river will strongly increase the rise of electric vehicles. help turn the tide wheels tires are getting larger and larger and occlusal. val, what a tire manufacturer is doing to help stop deforestation for the sake of plantations . and are there viable alternatives to natural rubber from the tropics, the timelines tropical climate is perfect for growing a raw materials. compet is the world over. it's 5 am and farmers so teach problem. rocks is already at work harvesting natural rubber. 7 years after being planted, a rubber tree has an annual yield of 1.5 kilograms. people have been making use of

this tree sub for over 3000 years, beginning with indigenous peoples, like the maya and central america. at the end of the 19th century, the british began planting the trees in their agent colonies. it's my size, the scraping rubber makes me happy. i sound good for like i don't, it's a tradition passed down from one generation to the next. do i use my grandparents harvested rubber? i love my job. i can feed my family with the money i earned, and a guy told me the milky white sap is also known as latex. the resulting solid material has a number of unbeatable properties, such as pear, resistance, rubber trees thrive and tropical climates. they require lots of water and warm, humid conditions. over 90 percent of the annual global robert harvest. 15000000 tons is cultivated in southeast asia. the top producers are thailand, indonesia,

vietnam, and india. between 19932016 some 4000000 heck stairs of rain forest were destroyed to make way for rubber plantations. that's an area the size of switzerland. 85 percent of production comes from small holders, most on fewer than to heck, there's or even ancient rain forest had been destroyed to make room for rubber plantations. gone forever is the unique flora and fauna, as well as the trees carbon storing potential without rain forest the earth atmosphere will she's home even more rapidly, but some people are taking action to prevent further deforestation. we accompany mine, lillian, and southern thailand. she's fighting for the preservation of these precious ecosystems because of this interesting, have possible us. we enjoy it. we maintenances,

i leave foot pull out of it. and then after that we have to use that. and we would life the next generation to do the same. and this 3 is his, giving them the same benefit that is benefit as interesting before as low as mine. lillian is a conservationist and entrepreneur. she worked in the rubber industry for over 20 years and witnessed both the terrible working conditions for farmers and the destruction of rain forests. together with a friend, she found it agreed back in 2019 a cooperative, uniting some 4000 robert farmers. they're committed to a common goal, no more rain forest being sacrificed to cultivate rubber of mine. lilian has dropped by to visit. so teeth pembroke saw one of the farmers who are graph helps by negotiating better deals for them. the small holders are working toward

transforming existing model cultures in eco friendly and responsible way without pesticides or artificial fertilizers were approach is to have the most out. it was a c in the mono culture partition. for example, like the fence like this is not only speak say the comments inside, but it's also being a source of food as well. see signs, rubber? the farmers harvest mushrooms for their own use. such heat from rugs also keeps bes, themselves with plenty of markets. the aggregate farmers are utilizing the lands full potential supporting greater bio diversity than in the mono culture which centers solely on yield. the global demand for rubber remains high due in large part to the materials 1st fatality, the brothers integrated into our everyday lives. it's found in our backyards and

houses and gardening gloves. it's used as flooring and hospitals and sports facilities. and it's also found in everything from condoms. to sponges and brain boots all told, some 50000 products contained rubber. but most of the global harvest, a whopping 70 percent, goes toward making tires. there were now some 1400000000 cars on the world's roads. demand is increasing. and with it, the need for more tires the netherlands. a research team at amsterdam spray at the end of acetate is examining land use in the tropics. pay till february is a professor of environmental geography and the leading experts on how the global demand for cars impacts rain forest. people drive more kilometers and we don't see

transformations to less well be, let's see. and if we look at counters like china, india, and other upcoming economies, we see that there mobility is still far below your p a level because people also buying bigger cars, bigger tires needing more rubber. so if we don't change our mobility to the mentor river will strongly increase leading to more or more deforestation in germany, new car registration. so we're on the rise after a slump during the cold with pandemic. accordingly, the demand for tires is increasing to determine automobile club or a d. c. tests, car, tire, civics, technical center, and land spelled. the team here considers all manner of environmental issues because when it comes to tires, rubber is far from the only cause for concern. rubber constitutes about 40 percent of the tire. there is natural rubber from trees in the rain forest and synthetic rubber derived from fossil fuels like crude oil and other things. the percentage of

fillers including the harmful powder, carpet blacks, 13 percent as steel, for reinforcing the tire. then there are toxic plus to size or is as the tire gets, wear and tear. it releases environmental the harmful micro plastics. despite all that, billions of bureaus worth of tires are sold annually. worldwide, an average of $1.00 and $4.00 people buy a tire every year. stacks one on top of the other, the resulting tower would reach all the way to the moon. many car drivers aren't well versed on what tires are made of, but manufacturers can plead ignorance for they serious about protecting the climate using and then the sky for the tires are getting larger and larger size and unfold . this may stem from strict requirements in terms of loading decks and speed ratings, obviously. but it's also because car manufacturers are purposely offering the option of larger tires, which customers can buy it a considerable premium. the safety gains are negligible high for mid sized cars

like the volkswagen gulf carmakers actually sell tires that are far too big. 15 or 16 inch tires are perfectly suitable, compromising neither safety nor drivability. but the v w golf is also sold with $1718.19 inch tires. for every additional inch, the weight of the tire increases by 400 to 500 grams. and that means more rubber from the tropics. consumers who value protecting the rain forest shut off for smaller tires, which need less rubber. but they're not, the only party involved really quickly looked at s u, v. as in other large vehicles since the 22 or 23 inch tires are not uncommon these days. and there's no technical justification for that tire size, height, and patients. even these larger vehicles that have an unladen weight of 2 or 2 and a half times by come drive just fine with smaller tires and any kind of advice. and

what's the most common? looking at ads from major german automakers. small e cars with small tires are nowhere to be found. with an audi, bmw or mercedes, the top manufacturer is all one to sell the biggest and most expensive vehicles with maximum power. but does not help the goal of protecting the climate and the rain forest. the ac performs a comparison test at different tires and vehicle classes representing the luxury segment is this s u v. also lining up is a compact class model. and this car for the economy class on the plus side, all 3 are the vehicles and don't seem at c o 2. but the batteries makes them a lot heavier because they need more breaking power. the tires wear out faster and are replaced more often. just saving him,

it doesn't test test less model. why is one of the best selling the vehicles and representative of a lot of today's s u v. so might go from all the top and ways to tons has $300.00 horse power and can accelerate from 0 to 100 kilometers per hour and under 7 seconds. and it comes with large wheels that support the vehicles wait, and it's not exactly being body meant deployment protection, unless what's hosting the right? no, my gun has 200 horsepower. the ac expert says the vehicle's 20 inch tires are far too big. when done same day. yeah. and in here we have a typical example of a small car which has a curve weight of $1.00 times 90 horse power and small 15 inch tires and 10. so it's a practical alternative. in e mobility, emailed mutates identity and this very vehicle now the volkswagen is being discontinued guns act uh on sofi. i understand why the environmentally conscious buyers looking for a small

e car are often shopping in vain. a recent 80 ac study found that there are only 3 cars on the german markets for under $15000.00 bureaus. so what is the role of tire makers? and all of this, are they working towards producing tires that contain less natural rubber? one of the world's leading manufacturers is michelin, headquartered in the french city, of clint. them all fell. its range includes tires over 20 inches in diameter, exclusively for the luxury class mission, lance innovation communication director says it is simply responding to market demand for its safety. but it's also called for equipment that i'm one more presenting call. so cost gets heavier and you still get the heavier of safety. just don't you have to have your brakes and be your brakes to be means also be just fine . advance that much more rather. so in tell him of wait for the times. yes, we need more of them. and that's why or so it's important for us to go to you to

the new way to, to decrease the amount of the bill that we put in the same time. so that he felt the same performance. one way to reduce the usage of forever is to increase the surface life of the product. that's what mr. la is researching edits testing center, on average tires last about 40000 kilometers. michelin is looking at developing tires that wear out less while driving. and so we created the system to be able to take an exploration, diggs, each of the, of the time to be able to get you all, do the about the goals on the, on the, on i'm driving during driving and we have been the, we don't, that's because we want to, to improve the risk performance of outside to keep the premium with that on. so that's on those, the longer on you last on the road list, how you have to make, okay? so it's very important to understand the basic mechanisms of well and then to design the best components the best compounds. the developers consider

a multitude of factors, different road surfaces speeds and vehicles. michelin has invested millions of euro's at the high tech tires, but wouldn't it be simpler to develop a type of material that could replace natural rubber from main forest? go back to what we use today and some of pope option that kind of deals to me to seek out the reduced. i don't think so because of the unique pop up, the use of not you one of them. and this between now and 25th to you, we just google it and make the can replace the magic corner by title, that kind of replace that you want to hold up. but in fact, a raw material that has the potential to replace natural rubber already exist. for now though, there is still that dependence on drivers. manufacturers like michelin have undertaken to do more on the sustainability front. that includes not buying any rubber from newly deforested land,

but an incident and indonesia cast out on its commitment. or in this video from 2017 michelin is promoting a flagship contract to protect rain forest. it was geared towards potential investors in spring 2018. the tire company raked in funding based on the promise that together with indonesian partners, it would cultivate sustainable rubber tree plantations. the site is located on the indian nation island of similar truck in the province of jam. the the project was heralded as a green investment. and financed with so called green button's the aim was to protect, to local nature and biodiversity. michelin later claimed the site had been ravaged by uncontrolled and a legal deforestation, and fires without its knowledge. but in november 2022, the media cooperative box or hope bird by

a report from the environmental organization mighty earth uncovered a more complicated reality. we talked to mighty or alex, which i have asthma and satellite expert leo, buck trail. and i wanted to know what happened in the past. so i, i found an old a satellite same which was around uh from about 2012. i overlay that image with the concession maps in my software. and that image. yeah, it was, it was low resolution, but i could see yeah, based training that the deforestation had to kind of been industrial. i've been caused by an industrial act so i could see. yeah, very large areas of land and forest had been cleared. was indicated that uh someone, yeah, hypothetically, could have this area for the purpose of, of punching something and like i seemed rather the journalists and conservationists zeroed in on one critical question. did michelin know about the

industrial deforestation? or have the company been duped? in the video michelin promised investors, a sustainable and lucrative green investment? all evidence really shows the michelin new partner, local partner. i didn't really clear it. i'm the 1st at this very high concentration value for forest landscapes and john b. they knew this, but they didn't tell the market, they didn't tell the investors when they went looking for $95000000.00, less of green bonds. and that was the big deception. and we've been trying to highlight that ever since. how would michelin respond to the serious allegation? our interview with the companies bangkok office was canceled at short notice in an email, mitchell, and claimed that the legally or illegally deforested land amounted to less than 4

percent of the concession areas and emphasized all parties involved in the project were aware. michelin has prohibited all forms of illegal deforestation, and was able to achieve this goal in a very short time given the amounts operational challenges, the satellite images you refer to are irrelevant for examining the dynamics of the project. that matter aside, all tire companies face a rocky road ahead. a new you longer regulating supply chains will take effect at the end of 2024. manufacturer is like michelin will need to prove in detail where the rubber is sourced and verify that no rain forest was cleared for the purpose of conservation after the year 2021. but how will these rules be enforced? verifying where robert originates as not without its challenges or at least at the early morning harvest. there's no question where the 3 south is from. afterwards,

farmers bring their harvest to collection points, in this case, to agree on. the cooperative guarantees that the rubber only comes from plantations on land that was not newly deforested. but i agree, ike is the exception rather than the rule. and bear in lines the 1st problem of making the supply chain more transparent. the rubber from farmers and the surrounding area is tossed onto one big pile. linking it to a single plantation is no longer possible. these rubber balls are also called coupling forever. it's what forms when the liquid latex from the trees isn't preserved with ammonia within the 1st 2 hours. it calculates a farmer well, are in the equivalent of one year old, $0.20 for every kilogram of coupling. nope, but to the markets changed before the customers wanted liquid latex, it's now more and more cup of lump rubber as being exported to europe. that makes

it easier on farmers because they no longer need ammonia. that becomes ok, knowing. the main reason behind the change copland forever is used for tire production. first, the rep, it falls or drawn it in the courtyard of the cooperative. behind these huge stores, rubber is being treated in another way for revengeful use, entire production. the cabinets contain sheets, suppress, latex. one kilogram is derived from about 60 cups of stop from the morning, harvest heat as he used to extract water over the next 3 days. a farmer earns about one year old $0.60 for a sheet of rubber, and it takes a little more than one sheet to make a car tire. this. the rubber is transported by a truck to factories. what arrives here has usually already passed through a number of intermediaries. there is not the slightest chance of identifying what

came from wear samples that brought to a lab to test the quality of the latex. then large centrifuges, separate water and impurities from the latex workers, then have to clean the sticky mass from the machines. finally, the milky sap is stored in sine loaves. this current system is incompatible with the new you regulations. determining which plantation the latex started from, would be impossible. my lawyer and from act we are. because visiting today, she has an agreement with a manager of the rubber factory guaranteeing that a certain sila will be reserved exclusively for the rubber from her co operatives. farmers. if all the supply chain are linked together and we can chopped in the intermediate in between, we can directly identify who is the farmer from what we are working for is in the

form of cobra teeth. so coverage is a form of the farmers with together. so they are farming himself and they manage the collecting sensor. and if we give a opportunities to comprehensive to link directly towards the factories, the into media is very short. tracking the rubber of the 4000 act we act farmers in this fashion, compliance with the new e you rules. but this level of transparency is not realistic for most of timelines . 1.7000000 rubber farmers. that's also why tire producers are seeking out alternatives to protect the rain forest and guarantee a transparent supply chain. researchers at germany's went out and found whole foot institute are working on the subject is in collaboration with the tire giants continental. their solution russian dandy lines could this suppose that we'd be the raw material for the tires of the future in it's here and understand it on the human. this is

a young root of the dandelion culture to see it. that's where most of the natural rubber is concentrated as the whole thing that is not to call to expand it. and so the rates need to be cleans before further processing. the long rubbery threads are already visible. the raw material is then fed into a machine where the water is squeezed out over several hours. over in the lab, researchers are crossing different generations of the dandy line with the help of genetic engineering. the missed a breed plants with larger fruits to ultimately increase yields of the scots to the dandy line routes. after all, the water is squeezed out what's left is sure, a rubber it's treated to prevent aging then dried and lastly, stored for later production does. it's a little cold,

so can do this. here is the raul rubber his arms. that's what it's chemical composition is comfortable to that of natural rubber from the rubber tree you can deal with multiple lot of these miss polymer has a high molecular weight and it's very long. this patient has it. so it has terrific properties in terms of and that's to city it to them and perfect for car tires for car and bicycle tire size. one advantage is that 10 d lines can thrive and poor quality soils to meet the demand for natural rubber in germany. if with require a cultivation area about twice the size of berlin, continental already makes bicycle tires out of dandy line rubber. but in the next decade, it wants to produce car tires on an industrial scale to fence the time the company needs to set up its production facilities. so it will still be a while before german grown dandy lines can relieve the pressure on rain forests in southeast asia. but there is currently an alternative every year about $600000.00

tons of old tires are discarded. why not recycle them into new tires? in other words, retracting term and company king milan specializes in just that the company buys old warrant out tires with a framework or carcass is still intact. the tires are inspected for damage with defective ones being removed. then a machine slips off the tires, ols rapper. i'm can you think of another product that is disposed of after only 30 percent of it has been used to these all and i can see there aren't many products like that in the world on. that's how it is with tires has by my call you by tires that have a trad depth of say 8 millimeters. that's a winter tires. a summer tire is usually only 6 millimeters, but nobody's actually made on. yeah. and the tire is driven down to a maximum of 1.6 millimeters is x before being thrown away. so the non good,

the ends look. so the 70 percent of the materials still remains this. and we make use of that. the general fun. so does not some god most use tires are incinerated in the process, emitting a loss of greenhouse gases. i've seen my last book, given a new trend. this is the only part of the setup that requires fresh rubber. the tire has then vulcanized, at about a $165.00 degrees celsius. the old part of the tire is fully welded to the new one . more than $46000000.00 tires are sold every year in germany. we traded car tires are still in each product. their share of the overall market is just one percent, but there's a chance that this could change with the new e u law. in on, in that for them, we see ourselves in competition with the secondary brands as

a premium manufacturer is on sale. this were more focused on the european produces and not necessarily in competition with the very cheap times made an age of does this policy, we have different standards for our product. so we can always compete price wise and couldn't hear all darmesh price mission moment tide. one way to dramatically increase the re trans market share would be to require manufacturers to take back and recycle their use tires. but at the moment that doesn't look likely of the tire manufacturers rely on natural rubbers. but this project in thailand shows that waiting for us to not need to be cut down to produce it. at this research site, scientists are growing pepper using an ancient native variety. their goal is higher yielding plants home to my lawyer and from i agree, i is meeting with the researchers. the pepper is not meant to replace rubber trees,

but rather to be a supplemental comp on existing plantations. selling it could bring in additional income for the farmers. the expansion of the land is leading to the 1st stations eventually. so therefore, if that will satisfy with the piece of land that they already have is the, is the most most profitable for everybody. on top of that temper, it may be one of the options that you can choose. so that's why we have to work with the university to have the best model of it to have the best you wish it economically, it makes sense to do it. thailand is the largest exporter of rubber in the world with her co operative mind. lillian is proving a more sustainable way is possible. perhaps this will inspire others to protect the rain forest and the climate the,

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