switching to renewable energies, i will be back at the top of the hour with more world news. i hope to see you then the big burst into our is whenever they feel like it sounds kind of for design and fashion. and most of the pieces in the sky, many on including the office. how do they do it? the secret lives of size starts may 22nd on d, w. the within 50 percent of the world's population live in urban areas. by 2050,

it could be nearly 70 percent. big cities have big needs when it comes to water, food and energy. this heavy demand on resources posts as daunting challenges to researchers in a world grappling with climate change. those cities and towns will need large amounts of energy revolutionizing the complex systems of our energy. supply is one of the biggest challenges for our global transition to green energy. and for people, probably the most tangible, the so for us us cities and responsible for the policy in the cities, i think it's so important to be taken leading roles because it is possible for seek this to change. so we are very conscious that we need to move in to an economy that

this renewable and so color of nature positive, all those at the same time. actually we don't have a choice. i think that we have little time left to save the planet. so we have to do what we become as fast as possible the to see how a sustainable energy supply can work. in practice, we had to the united states, they're a california city is aiming to become the 1st carbon neutral community in the country. lancaster is home to about a 175000 residents. and 2009 officials started on a journey to go green. fundamentally transforming the cities economy and infrastructure. not only was it a technological overall, it was a shift and mentality. it's the purpose of government to assist people, not to delay people induced to take minimum of 6 months. if this person wants to put solar panels on their own, they have to get

a permit. somebody would always have a design change, but it would take 6 months just for them to be allowed to do it. and so when i found that out, i sent out a memo. it now takes 45 minutes and it better be 45 minutes. and in the city of lancaster, the hardest part was changing the culture within the city staff that we looked for reasons to say, yes, we don't look for reasons to say, no, you know, when we started out, found this, we were laughed at your score in facebook now every day that we set out to, to develop a model for a city, the bunch the world woke up, so it would be easier for the future. as we went down this path, we made more money that you could possibly imagine. alternative energy

is profitable. and is profitable a huge way. lancaster is mayor rex paris began by having photo voltaic panels installed on all municipal buildings. the generated electricity was used for public lighting in the process, paris discovered and save the city a lot of money. the savings were put towards installing even more photo voltaic panels on the roofs of private residents. these systems also became mandatory for new buildings. bit by bit, lancaster created an alternative energy network. access to electricity started being used to generate hydrogen to fuel public transportation. the low cost of electricity and cheap hydrogen attracted new large companies and lancaster solidified its reputation as a green boom town in the united states. i traveled a lot. i went to the world economic forum and to engine i went to saudi arabia, one to 2. i'm at least every energy and conference,

and i learned along the thanks to the sunny weather and the already existing solar and wind parks in the area. green energy and hydrogen production continue to expand. when lancaster begin, the process of transforming its own energy system in 2009, the unemployment rate was at 17 percent. in 2023, it dropped to around 6 percent. lancaster became a self sufficient green energy power house and highly profitable to once people start being innovative and creative, it doesn't stop with the media and coal in front of you and extends everywhere. this really is the most exciting city. for that reason, we have a common purpose, it's a simple purpose fits that are children to survive. that's not har, you know. and when you have that as a common purpose,

you can put aside all the difference and you can make things happen. you can build things that have never been built before. you know there's, there's a project here. it's actually quite remote in recent years, both the city of lancaster and mayor paris had been recognized with many awards for the achievements from the us state of california to buttons theater in the german state of bavaria. our world region where the forest industry is key. the when marco pastor took the helmet, the regional energy supplier, everything here changed the vote in a give us a lot what an energy supply look like. if we could only use renewable energy use and sustainable raw materials as well. so when we harness sunlight and wind energy and store the funds by hitting the windows, they don't shifted to a circular system that effectively linked it's regionally. strong timber industry

with the local energy system. the idea was to reuse as much energy as possible multiple times. and wherever excess energy accumulated say in the form of wood waste or waste heat for machines, it shouldn't be lost, but rather harnessed the woods. we have would we have bio mass, we have sun and wind. we may not have hydro power, but we use everything locally that we need low cost. the surplus energy generated from solar and wind power is used to press forestry waste into wood pellets. the pallets can then be burned to generate heat or to power a turbine for electricity. and told me i'm copied forms a cascaded system, which always consists of the same thing. solar and wind,

battery storage and combined heat and power. i think it's the perfect system which couples both sectors and industry. so what's the construction industry is linked to the timber industry and goes to the timber industry. is linked with agriculture or forestry. on so many inch dean lou calling this creates the local circular energy economies that can be scaled up to all levels. which in turn satisfied the energy demand in the form of electricity and heat energy. the power of electricity in terms of mobility tool going to be the informed one will be due to the $10.00 in the area and lancaster in california. both have tapped into their locally available resources as best they can. and both have created infrastructures in which green energy can be used as efficiently as possible in an ongoing cycle. of course such systems are ideally integrated into construction projects from the

very start in copenhagen, a newly built district called, nor time served as the testing ground for the energy lab project. living laboratory for research into innovative and more efficient energy cycles. the, well, the essence is that we, that we test the solutions in real life and energy. let me know how we've also been looking into business models eh, eh, because that's also part of this solution. innovation and business models is part of the solution in this sector. company context is very important that we utilize the energy that is available. and this is basically something that we are demonstrating here. in the new home project. we can say that's the energy system has to develop. we have to do it in a more smart way. and that means that we need to see what sources are available and how can we, in the best possible way, actually utilize them. the buildings here are well insulated and retain heat.

that's a money saver and is especially important that peak hours in the early morning. plus commercial businesses in the neighborhood can compress their waste heat and supply it to the district heating system which provides heat to the surrounding buildings on the cause they are running fine electricity. and by using a little bit more to trace the team to compress us, we get way more heat available. so in situations where we have surface electricity, if i'm in charge of a photo of a check, we can actually auction my separation of the compresses that can work the heat to a lot of extra energy that can be used in the buildings. in that way, is this system actually a small compliment in the sector companies in that you system? here again, an ingenious cycle, the energy put into the system is not the single purpose. rather it's used several times. and the whole neighborhood benefits. you can say it's about is only 7 town

houses, so that would be to go out here that would take it. actually one big part of the maple. yeah. so so, so that's actually is bit install. he's actually to be connected to this photo. the goal of a modern circular economy is to save energy and increased efficiency. these cycles are optimized to make energy competitive in price, while serving as an extension or even an alternative to the large centralized grits, [000:00:00;00] the norway and it's capital also are among the pioneers and the green energy transition . also is aiming to reduce c o 2 emissions to near 0 by 2030.

the memory on a bargain helped to draft and pass a series of concrete measures. we have literally tried to, to tell our inhabitants that this is not the bulk of the distribution. so it's not about the restrictions if it's about the opportunity or building if you keep the gardens at schools, they are built with that as alyssa panel is able to produce more energy than they each to success. so we can put it over to other buildings nearby the costs low is considered the world capital of e mobility. it's also made significant headway in making its construction sector carbon neutral with advancements and heating and building materials.

we have said in also that we want to be the 1st cedar emission city in the world by 2030, which is, is a very ambitious goal, but it is possible. i think that it's so important both to try to reduce the consumption of course, but also reduce the waste and also to reuse and also recycle. i think that these are all important elements in the total policy to achieve this, them vicious goal, both residents and businesses must play an active part. haggis security and deal now spent several years of her career working at a large scandinavian construction company. and also the company has more than 8000 employees and carries projects worldwide. as a board member, she pushed the company to publicly commit to implementing the goals of the 2015

parents agreement on climate change. she also supported may or morgan's measures. i think biggest moment in my career for when the whole management team can live at this time, that's not the way it would work towards the pirates agreement. we didn't know exactly how we should do it. but with such a clear direction, i think that was so crucial to set the direction. and then some people said, well why if we come to my kids and i said, well, i'm not afraid about that. i'm afraid that don't dare to set the direction with all her experience. hey, go school year until now set for years on the board of the norwegian green building council, which is part of the world green building council. i think it will be very important

how we build our cities to next to to this in 2022, we reached 8000000000 people on earth. by 2050, there will be 10 billions. that means a city, the size of the amount will be boot every week until 2050. that's a lot of medium and steel. i'm law, some concrete and birds, a plastic and breaks. so we have to go circular. we have to build with less for longer. sonya who manages a real estate company in norway when constructing new buildings. the company aims to reuse as many elements as possible from old office buildings that are being torn down the wind building a modern office complex, and also the company fused old with new. it was a pilot project,

meaning success was not guaranteed, but almost immediately startups and tenants started moving in precisely because they were drawn to the sustainable concept. hague of school until now also had an office there for some time. this to be used. and also the fence here used to be on the floor in the swimming pool and the technical and it's been used all the way out of the room really in the entry. so those are some of the more interior aspects of we use very briefly, also referred to as what's the cycling? so it goes from room. one thing to the outside comes to something else. they've been working systematically on of finding out how we can make the buildings a part of the solution. i mean, buildings accounts for around 40 percent of carbon emissions globally. 40 percent of energy use. so huge part of the problem. meaning that we also have the opportunity to be

a huge part of the solution. the in 2019 an office building commissioned by sonya, whose company was inaugurated in the norwegian city of trondheim. it was named powerhouse. the roof is covered with solar panels angled optimally to capture the sun's rays in northern europe. as a result, the powerhouse with this 3000 square meters of panels produced as an annual average of 500000 kilowatt hours of electricity. that's more than double the amount it consumes itself. the surplus, the electricity is used on a local micro grid to supply neighboring buildings and electric buses and cars. and this is a play on the project. it's one of the, of a kind. it's the 1st of its kind,

so it's attractive for young people to cease and worker. and if it feels good when we do new, we have them focused mainly on 3 aspects. one is to use less resources and materials, so whatever you can reuse is excellent. if you can't, we use, maybe you can use recycled materials before you start sourcing new materials. more and more of the construction science that we have in also our know see the emission construction site because the technology is in place. we need to challenge the establishment industry and also show the way employers and employees in business. i know largely as a general trends, very much on board. that's cutting emissions is not only the right thing to do for the world climate, the future of our kids. but is actually also smart in the economy. like also the rest of norway is aiming to be carbon neutral by 2030. the country has

a large oil and gas sector, but it also has a wealth of hydro power. norwegian minister espen part ida is confident that the necessary transition to a carbon neutral economy comes with more opportunities than risk for domestic industries. we're also seeing that the service industry that was developed bit close to 50 or so the troll room is now very eager to as themselves go into this new areas. because if you can run a or no guest platforms in the north sea and 10 major highways and extreme conditions, you can also do floating wind. if you'll do that building for side trips with advanced technology, you are also good that building hydrogen or ammonia driven chips with advanced technology. this circular energy economy relies as much on technological innovation from major industries as it does on a stable grid that can provide constant and reliable green power in northern europe

that can best be achieved with wind power from offshore parks and with hydro power is the countries bordering the north sea can help balance one another is demand for green power. it could result in an international grid which could become a model worldwide. the longest of these sub see links to dates was constructed in 2021. to connect norway with england's eastern coast at some hydro electric power stations in norway, water drops hundreds of meters to propel turbines, the generate gigawatts of electricity. at deville dial, hydro power is converted for onward transmission and transmitted to blight and england, where gigawatts of electricity are generated from offshore wind. what was starting here with the moment, which is a convert station thought physically to is the conversion of the current. so i convert direct koreans don't, welding it, and current of vice versa. ultimately,

we have in the connect as to allow where we can seek and, you know, clean energy from lights of no, we hydro energy into the country itself. so it's a neighbor and not transition over green energy, not just for the u. k, but on neighboring countries with arrests. no with, with a that's friends, whether that's denmark or a somewhere else. britain has become a leader in europe and developing offshore wind power in the north sea. it's now become an ex border of green power. it's a single fost green. hi we. the allow was the transfer of energy from the country would connect into. it also brings security supply. once a prosperous mining town slide suffered a sharp economic blow from the decline of coal mining port manager martin lawler hopes, the power link will help returned the town to its former glory. to the folder blog is already a midget of showing you hope for the u. k. and that's actually happening to

a truck further into investments that companies won't be pond to disclose the. they want to feed off some of the, especially that i brought it and electric, some of the best of luck for it was those building cable factories. and that will help to drive further into the investment all around the street. are the 1st signs of an economic upswing due to the energy transition on the horizon. we are seeing this growth accelerating around by the street. so the pulse and blind is by which parts of the town apply. i'm. the community is very much with the full and what we're doing here, the see, the jump is coming in, let's see the benefits, the economy, and, and look into the future. we're going to hope that the majority of those jobs will go to local people. so they have image with us, the world's largest networks to reliably generate energy, has been under construction in the north sea since 2020. in order for a new energy economy to succeed,

it's crucial to build large green power grids that are stable by becoming partners and a new north sea grid through direct coast to coast lines. order countries are engine closer to the goal of obtaining energy security. europe has to be able to collaborate even better. i think every european state leader and the european union . indeed, as it has thought to them that we need to collaborate much stronger than we ever thought we were. that was possible this north sea grid will deploy the latest technology to exchange generated energy back and forth on demand. large industrial centers will be built at the hubs like this planned energy island off the coast of jutland. more should follow, and be interconnected. in the future, they could form a kind of inner network on the high seas. essentially, it's an artificial island that can be expanded over time. but what is really great

about an energy island is that can connect to the power different countries around the north sea at the same time. the 1st of these energy islands is to be built about 80 kilometers off the coast of jutland, and according to the latest estimates cost, more than $30000000000.00 euros. it is the 1st of several hubs for the new energy sector. the island alone should one day provide electricity for up to 10000000 households. this will require large substations. we're alternating current can be converted to direct current and back again. that's vital. the transmit electricity over long distances. it started very much as a technology would help the integrating large bulk power and trans meeting long distance is with

a much better efficiency because of much lower losses. the more assistance we integrate, the more complex the entire and is the system becomes if i need to integrate the next 2030 percent of electrical vehicles into that increase at the system. if i need to integrate the 4056, the gigawatts of a offshore wind, there is a need to, to, uh, anticipate, uh, the planning and investment. so in order to deployed degreed technology on time, the 60 gigawatts is roughly equivalent to the capacity of 40 nuclear power plants on the eastern coast of britain construction on a new power cable was recently completed. it connects the grids of britain and denmark and will supply them with electricity from both countries. offshore wind parks, the new interconnect are between the 2 countries is called the viking link, with

a length of 765 kilometers. it's the longest subsea power cable in the world to meet an ever growing need for energy in the future, large storage facilities will be required in addition to transmission infrastructure. hydrogen has immense potential as a storage medium for green electricity at a siemens energy site. in berlin. a simulator shows the total demand for energy in a complex industrial society. hydrogen could become the new optimal energy carrier, which means the technology to produce hydrogen already holds freight strategic significance even if the industrial infrastructure is only just being built. now, one way to make hydrogen is via electrolysis. a process that uses an electric current to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. the electricity to carry out this process must come from renewable sources,

so that its production is sustainable and they integrate into existing economic cycles relatively easily. and the addition law is a member of the executive board of seamans energy. the whole idea is to have a model of your system where you can actually add them to each other. so it's the same building block, but you can add them to each other to be able to reach the right scale, the gigawatts scale that is needed. and, and really stick and, and, and be very able to adjust to the demand of our customers depending on if it's a small industrial site or a very large utility scale hydrogen production. in the future, an industrial site could use electrolysis to secure its electricity supply with hydrogen storage. how much is needed during daily peak hours? how much hydrogen would it take to replace the conventional power plant? for example, these estimates can be used to determine the best energy alternatives. hydrogen is

available in virtually unlimited quantities and could become the key to future supply. i would say there's maybe 3 levers for the energy transition, the energy efficiency parts, which is reducing the energy consumption by really going there and finding everywhere we can have have a recycling of the energy that is produced and then electrification everywhere where it is possible. because this is going to be the cheapest way to do carbonite and then hydrogen and green molecules where this electrification would not be enough and where we need to capture that to be able to store it and we use it elsewhere or in processes. but hydrogen can do more than that. it can be further refined with c o 2 into new fuels until now these fuels have been supplied primarily by fossil fuels and heavy industry. the hope is that hydrogen can be the basis for

a whole range of fuels in the future. hydrogen per se will be used as a hydrogen, but a lot will also be transformed into what we call issues. so where we, we capture carbon that we mixed with this hydrogen to then be able to do so you know, synthetic manner. any of the fuels that you know today professor benz bush is the scientific director at the helm hold center in berlin, p overseas projects that use betsy. a particle accelerator. bessie is used to conduct targeted research into energy conversion and storage mediums that includes making solar cells more efficient and refining hydrogen into new fuels. sites on vices showed up initially, but so it does when it does and i'm listening to. since when have i been convinced that something about our energy system an energy supply needed to change because it was simply the idea that the physical potential of renewable energy,

which is great enough to supply our planet and humanity. and that it's relatively easy to achieve that. so for swap as of the surface, that's what convinced me and equipped me ever since. so send off this all points and there's no most colossal. i think that this is so to translate that into modern materials and technology. most of us, if we can convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy and a key to solving this. and that energy we can convert into green electricity from the bundle. and then we can, for example, use electrolysis to split water into hydrogen, and oxygen couldn't do it on somebody group. i'd like to lose it. and then going through this process, we have chemical energy carriers that we can use and shit. and it can take out the spots and then, and if we think big picture and we could be in the position to for example, bind hydrogen to c o 2 from the atmosphere to, to and then generate synthetic fuel spin comes to the house and to show cut off and start thinking area sonya account and leads to

a research project at the helm health center. the goal is to use solar energy and hydrogen to produce cleaner cooking fuels. these could be sold in places where there's no electricity available for cooking, which is the case in many areas around the world. the project is a collaboration between the team and berlin, and the university of cape down in south africa. i was start from this for to take sales because right now, since when i started right now they've become something come on place. as i told them to see the sooner you can use the need to make electricity, but also to makes nitrogen. and other things we've been to teams was that if you connect them to the right state, the chemical reactance, they provide the power that you can almost do anything you don't need because these are generate to freaks out in many poor parts of the world would. and fossil fuel products such as propane are used for both cooking and heating,

converting hydrogen and c o 2 into a clean fuel would be a sustainable alternative. when you go to buy your cooking gas, you go once less maybe every month instead of collecting fat with is quite bulky. so collect some sale for one day. it's nice enough thing has to go to the next day . and so the time spent going to collect the file with all the time is kind of saved businesses time competes for other more projects like these are still in the experimental stage. but the hope is that they'll become building blocks and an ever expanding circular energy economy the all around the world. more and more research is being inducted into green technologies. singapore, especially, is considered a laboratory for the future. professor matter of these for any boston is tackling one of the main problems that the new energy economy,

along with hydrogen batteries are the most important storage medium. but they're made of costly materials which are becoming more and more scarce. that's global demand growth. matter. v is researching how to recycle lithium ion batteries and other e waste so that they can be re integrated into the production cycle that has to be your mind should stay know towards the secular defect going to meet otherwise. so we will fall into a, a v as in the was forwarded to a drop off. you know, we might not have to sources anymore. the non young technological university alongside other prestigious institutions like berkeley and stanford, is among the world's most well regarded research helps. it focuses on developing text that could be rapidly deployed and future industry. this building on end to use campus. it's called the learning hub and was designed specifically 1st thing of

pores. tropical climate is atrium is naturally ventilated, which saves energy. i decided very early, that by trees would be my field of research. that was my, my ph. d topics i've been doing by trees. my entire career energy storage, circular economy, my entire cars here from early on, i always wanted to do something that would make change in people's life. the so you get to say that back truth and the black stuff that you see that is sticking here is where all the elements of presently tell nick, how does the expression 1st and get what is called as of last month. this black mazda is what has all the elements inside the way future going to date is by actually using orange b. we just add the orange speeds to the black folder, or instead of that,

me task bacterial card chips to this. so back to you just go to a class, this black must be able to extract all the elements of the 99 percent. not of these researches aimed at making a closed loop where the use of entirely new materials can be reduced to an absolute minimum. her innovations have resulted in 30 patents to date, and in 2019, she was recognized as one of asia's top sustainability super women. there's a lot of synergistic just like a foot between materials the research and secondary economy of materials. today. both of them are done in silos, but i think there's a lot of linkages and my research is really trying to link back in copenhagen. many of these practical experiments are being organized in a database to examine the most promising results chaise. vega

directs the center at the technical university of denmark. improbable approaches are often times followed by fresh and innovative ideas, pinpointing them and sharing recommendations with laboratories around the world is one core mission of the institute. i mean, to model said we develop he off or because physics it with, but they also uncertainty aware. so they need to know when they don't know. and sometimes the best way of gathering additional information is actually not from a robot. it is from the expert. it could be from the people that work daily with the production of a new battery materials, this specific insight to guide the development. so it's a multinational, it's a multi facility undertaking and is also a synchronous. so it's, you can see, continues the operating around the world, 247, gathering the data that's needed,

controlling experiments and equipment at other places it's, it's really a global challenge and the global solution. it often takes 2 decades for basic research to reach industrial maturity. but a mid the climate crisis time is of the essence, solutions need to be employed faster. it's an incredibly complex challenge. so complex that applied research will need to adapt to. i would actually argue that the main challenge and the main potential solution lies in is reinventing the way we invent new materials. so the green transition, it's actually rethinking the way we do materials discovery. we do system development and we need to reinvent the process itself. and integrating all parts of the discovery production and, and use cycle to do so. this is especially critical because the next innovations are already on the horizon. professor harry at water conducts research at the california institute of technology. he's one of the world's leading

experts in the field of solar energy conversion. turning sunlight into electricity and heat. are relatively new branch of research is working to imitate nature's most fundamental energy harvesting process, photos, synthesis. nature has this marvelous capacity for in the leaf of every plant of doing something that's nearly miraculous which is harvesting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere together with water in the presence of sunlight and transforming those chemical reactance into complex sugars and starches that sustain life in a plant those complex sugars and starches, essentially our fuse so we have drawn a huge inspiration from nature to envision and process we call for artificial

photosynthesis which uses engineered materials to perform the same kind of reduction and oxidation reactions that enable the formation of fuels directly from sunlight, the artificial photo synthesis mimics this process that happens in nature, instead of sunlight shining on a leaf as it does in nature. researchers use structure is made of intricately manufactured, semi conductors. in other words, an artificial leaf. and with it solar energy, you can turn water into hydrogen and oxygen. the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis is currently at 19.3 percent and was jointly achieved by laboratories and pasadena, elma now and the fallen helper institute. if this process could be scaled up for industrial use, hydrogen would become cheaper than any other fuel. that's why research into

artificial photosynthesis is being conducted worldwide. gets paid the on vendor. we're now talking about the application of such a semi conductor structures in a so called artificial place in india, meaning all in an integrated device that does not need any wire into the outside, similar to plants. so that we can basically produce hydrogen and oxygen, more or less from nothing, just through sunlight and water, lots of stuff, once our stuff, that's why i'm always foss. this is, i'm from the game yet. now, for the 1st time, we're in a position where we can essentially provide free energy using photo voltaire x. the same way nature has been doing for a very, very, very long time to i. and this has never been possible before these practicing days told me, you know, it's hard to overstate the significance of semi conductors. they're small and inconspicuous,

but they are the basis of all advanced technologies and can be made of many different types of materials. researchers at the technical university of elman now work with so called $35.00 semi conductors. and hyphen probably does have been on the refined semi conductor compounds are the ones we can design perfectly. dot smith the cd to using silicon as the base material. that would of course, be very profitable, proctors positive. that's where high performance would meet, cheap materials and low cost and then hit them on the wholesale foreman's coughing . and make a good 6 months or y'all increasing the cost of course not every single part of these new energy systems is ready for action. but rolling out innovation to communities and industry will be key. the. there are still many scientific breakthroughs and technological innovations that have not yet

been widely implemented for public use. the if we go through the learning of silos as we did in the past, we would get there, but we would not get there on time. and we all know what it would cost us not to be there on time from the climate perspective. you to go to the tape. this is a hate for a circular system is actually the thing that propels us, the prosperity must be made more sustainably. we didn't inherit this planet from our parents, for borrowing it from our children and continued. researchers have made tremendous strides in recent years. technology has come a long way, but successfully transforming our energy supply to make it sustainable. hinges on our ability to scale these solutions. they must be integrated into large sectors of society before it's too late,

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d w. the chalet crises, every single connection mapped out shows the geopolitical reality. beyond the board is what makes things the way they are mapped out, navigating a changing world now on youtube. march 1st around lunch, and then just to see a quote, you can make sure sure. call you so yes, sisters have been in a coma that was caused by persecution and flight for con dreams of another world, the scots june fast d w.

the, this is the w news. live it from the berlin, severe turbulence on a flight from london to single for one passenger has died. the plane was a boeing triple southern, and dozens of others were injured. we'll have the latest also coming up. russia begins tactical nuclear weapons drills near the border with ukraine la scale saying it's in response to what he calls per bucket of statements from the west. the