jail just the full time the gun was awarded a special prize fight the jury for drawing attention to unsustainable injustice up next, they don't feel and looks at the fight to save the world when link bird populations stay with us. for that. the why do humming? does not get drunk. why do gravitational waves squeeze all bodies? how much do we need per day? pond print to help. find the offices, get smaller on dw science and i'll take 10 of the

birds. some of the most well loved creatures on us. but as humans cause the planet to change as an increasingly rapid speed, but it's being forced to adopt them to cope with great new threats than ever before. such as changing habitats, culture climates, and dangerous new name. the badge for the civil sciences are on covering the different ways in which they are adapting the we discovering the search

even more incredible than we have a seat. most of the the this is hell go live smooth archipelago. off the north german coast. it's gained a reputation to being one of the most spectacular places to witness but migration a so many but to use it as a stop as a site to refill on that drums. it's also home to one of the oldest, one of the large groups of the prison, the work talk to your can dear, who works with the institute for avian research and will help him. so he's part of a team studying the but populations here hold on the line. this is

the land has a very long history of keeping on. it's a logical record. i'm one small uh it began with a painter who moved to have a good land in the 1840s, fell in love and then spent most of his life here think i'm leaving you began keeping methodical records of the bird lockers and also published them in the book until fair. that's why we know so much about local bird life in the 19th century division that evaluated before with a c. i'm not even going that far. but the real scientific records began in the 19 sixty's. when the data became standardized, recordings were taken 7 times a day every day. and that tradition has continued to the present. yeah, we have the world oldest data collection with standardized catches and can draw conclusions from that to see. we know how populations have evolved and above all, how migratory periods have developed in the wake of climate change with the theme of under

the your can and his colleagues use what's known as hell. good lounge. trump's shepherd thing budge that lands him into a fund says that they can be called safely. the once they have been collected, information about them is record, such as body weight of the wind. blowing on the feathers reveals the buds from the muscle composition good indicator of general health. they know exactly which spaces have been course at home and either on this information can then be compared to historical records. to understand changes over time,

the successors they've noticed the long distance migrants are in trouble. and the facing steep declines. the exact reason for this is on the road, but it still to be because of global habitats, destruction, and lots of insect. ready unimportant appraisals from many bugs. for the loss of migrants, isn't there only finding? are you all can and his team have also discovered that black cops a, migrating more than 3 weeks earlier than they did 60 years ago. these small was typically migrate sauce to the southern mediterranean and africa during winter to reach a warmer climate with more sources. doctor joseph williams is studying the

navigation here on hill good land. resources tracking data shows no need to black gaps, migrate totally. but the direction of the migration has also changed the reasons, but it's mike, right, is because they want to get to a place with a more clements climate. but recently i was in, by recently, i mean within half a century of now really votes are stats and some like right? no specific needs to the united kingdom. previously those who migrated north would perish in the cooler conditions, but no many who choose this route surviving. answer the question was that this is in response to the fact that it's just not as cold in the north as it used to be. and also the impressed, and people really like feeding the birds. and so actually like cods, have started to use both feet is comes, but if it is in the winter, and this is even thoughts, feelings to why they are so successful and going. yeah,

in some instances precisely the wrong direction. it's not just black cops who seem to have successfully adapted to a woman, punish the air on how good a land there is, a suff and see. but that has also great please beneficial pass code again. it's for us to begin breeding on how of good land and 1991 and their numbers have increased steadily, sense was tired of the growth. and so the idea that i'm not even offering numbers kind of count for and just actually income the tsunami. and some growth could be explained by other than it's being attracted to the colonies. but the species is also extending its range generally, which means it's doing quite well in the current conditions in the north and see if we can get pricing video and not to clock the safe, such as hiring and micro. some of the governance favor to praise bases and to being

pushed further and further notice that this woman c temperatures. so perhaps this is helping facilitate this candidate population. again, it's phenomenal ability to dive. also allows them to access a greater variety of fish, some of the c bucks, but not every but i'm seriously adopt. so the challenges of climate change. meaning it's about sophie and contrasts again and can he wakes in foam or as have declined. charlotte and one reason might be because they searched for food on the surface and having difficulty accessing fish from on the open. but we also observed during the particularly hot summer of 2018, that adult kitty wake simply a band and their nests and the rags. and it was really hot on like lit up temperatures lined as high as 52 degrees celsius. that was all going to hot fault

because the adult birds were still in the area, but they've left of their nests and buffalo, the oddly the casey weight, such as the ones pieces of thousands across the world. there's a decreasing a number. the one of the 1st things most iconic spaces, the sky now, is famous for its rich and intricate. so the smooth grounds, nothing but often chooses to raise tricks on grossman and farm. historically, the lack of your so called some groceries has allowed them to access the grounds to nest and to keep an eye out for predators.

with the intensification of agriculture is habitat is becoming a dangerous one. the wide spread change from spring to awesome sun cereals has increased the density of crow pushing sky locks to nest near tractor tram lines, making them vulnerable to crumpling up to predators as pesticides. and we'd colors of spray more and more on crops. insects. an important part of the food source are also being diminished. and so in europe, nearly 70000000 individuals have been lost since 1919. and the numbers still continue to full. the professor amanda room and her colleagues at the corner elaborate bonus, ology in north america. as i'm covered and even more devastating to decline

in north america, we have lost 3000000000 periods from the reading population. that's nearly 30 percent of birds or one in 3. or it's that has been lost to just in my lifetime allowed. so since 1970, we're seeing these, the clients that are really spanning almost all habitat and almost all groups of species and no longer restricted to dispute sees that we might of, you know, already been thinking of as requiring conservation attention. instead, we're now seeing some of our greatest declines in space. these that are funding that are common in wide spread. the declines that we've documented here in north america are in no way you need it. there have been studies that have been coming out around the world that are documenting. you're comfortable? declines. so it's, it really was a wake up call. i think for

a lot of the conservation community here. but supervisor, loss of what's known as ecosystem services. they disperse seems, holding a tons of keeping checked populations such as birds decline. so to will these vital services if an environmental conditions are not sufficient, not healthy enough to support birds well, then they're not likely to be good for people either. it's a birds can be a real sentinel of environmental change. we've heard as like, canaries in the coal mine, and that's not so far fetched, right when we see declines in for that should alert us so that something's happening in the environment that we should pay attention to. because ultimately, it can come back and affect us as well, the 3rd being the subject to decline for

a variety of reasons such as habitat destruction, fragmentation, pollution, global warming, the meanwhile, human populations around the globe of reached full time, high, 8000000000 to sustain this growing population agriculture is becoming increasingly intensive. some birds have adapted to thrive in these conditions. grazing on manage gross acropolis learning to utilize the source of high quality food as a loud bulge, such as bountiful goose to increase dramatically in europe.

but as we continue to add the noise, the punish, we're seeing new and unusual problems and much for all bucks to mitigate natural noise such as wind. birds can change that page volume, or time at which they sing, which in areas of high human population, thurman not from noises which are not so easily overcome the max planck institute for on the apology in germany, is one of the largest sensors but, but science in the world, but the full front of cars research is don't to henrich broke. he began studying the effects of such signs on budge, over 20 years ago. that's on the t of out when the birds have to compete with noise, they sing louder. so have you met? you must do that too. we also raise their voices this,

this guy so long through the birds. and so just say enough for example, nights and gowns and berlin altogether, they sing louder when there's more traffic noise. that means that the animal sing more quietly at the weekend, ensuring the week is and it's ready for that's not because the birds relax and take it easy because of weekends. there is less commuter traffic and therefore less noise. because fuck you. as a result, the birds sing more quietly. ultimately, we are the ones producing all the noise, compose the birds to sing louder and louder, spring and light, all types of thing. so as mentioned is the reason for the 1st human, this noise is a huge problem. the best, but it's become increasingly clear, the noise has similar effects and birds rush. there it is. for example, city traffic causes chronic stress and birds, which in turn suppresses their immune systems. and when i send their

latest findings on which we recently published, it showed the traffic noise can cause birds to have trouble learning, to sing further pama because of just as human children learn to speak, because he mentioned the birds have to learn to sing the traffic noise has the effect that it is taking them longer to develop their song, and they also make more mistakes when learning. i think the scene of the song quality is inferior to some funding to teach initiative. and because i, this is just going to fix that sounds good with you. and so i can implement this overall fitness and potentially lead to a change in a populations dynamic doesn't guns, which i think i pulled from. that's an important point, especially for species that are threatening to do that to you, of course. because along with all the other issues, animals face due to human induced environmental change, such as the climate crisis solution, etc. there's also noise that noise could be the final straw to try some species to

extinction. we're going around, i think often some us down but it's not just the noise. light is also wreaking havoc on birds around the world. the reason male song birds stop singing in the winter is because the go nach print. this is a result of the day like, like not true sure thing in which with the last day life they can no longer produce the whole much. so modify the brains and therefore allow them to sing and to break but street lights in towns and cities. each. this natural life cycle resulting and bugs coming into breeding condition, much sooner than they would otherwise not truly do. meaning the off spring least the nest. when there was level for them yet to each light pollution from buildings is also a problem to some unknown reason. but it's

a drawing to the source of light causing life threatening conditions. cornell museum of flesh birds in north america, votes of foss, collection of birds. many of which were found just fatalities from hitting buildings. dr. benjamin vandorn and his colleagues studying these books. so lot of these birds come to us because they have collided with windows or buildings. so one of these pieces is a block sort of blue or blue here, which is a song bird migrant. this is the fate for billions of bugs across not only north america, but the wells with the use of new technology from the kona lab as on the foliage here in new york state. there is hope that we can make a difference. talk to adrian. doctor is part of this team, migratory birds, they try to look nice and,

and it's actually in ways of very hidden phenomena. if there is costs, we try to sort of make these migratory to your initials for it's come to life and use mostly radars for that. these a whether re dos or a 155 dosage across the us and mostly used for detecting rain. but the scientists here at cornell found a way to use them for detecting but the whether 8 or state campaign a c individual versus maybe like a rain plows, right. where you also don't see the individual droplets what you see. so if this density of mass of rain from the air is the same reverse, although it's not possible to see which exact spaces are on the move. if we burn migration across the usa can be tracked and displayed on a map. so you see all the green dots underwriter, stations, and then colors in the back. you'll see the migratory birds and,

and you'll see the brighter colors. that means more bars in the year. the red line, the pulse is across the screen represents the point with which day becomes nice. as soon as that's sort of gets dark, you see all these bright super bright colors popping up. so really good migration. nice. we trickle. so how many, but migratory birds are in flight if in any given moment? so you see staggering numbers, we're now it's 830400 1000000 birds. and there you see now the sun rise and you see as soon as some sort of starts to appear or landing. i think this too is especially good though to see these are very large scale patterns across to us. something we can never do before. there's like millions and billions of verbs in the air, and it hasn't just been impossible to count that. it's in like in the middle of the night. so you can see if and yeah,

it's only since we know how to use the rate or network, let's see if there's sort of girl. if you own birth migration itself, you can zoom out to the scale of an entire confidence and see what the migration looks like and how is this the view to the space. the boat cost technology cannot send me truck migrations. good can protect them too. as weather radars have been around for decades, the archive can migration data from the last 20 years can be collected and compared to the weather conditions, but we're experiencing by combining those 2 sources of information. we can create a predictive model that will tell us how much migration we expected to take place under a given set of conditions in a given area. and really convert a weather forecast into a bird migration for jump to benjamin's on door and uses this information to

protect, but it's against the dangers of light pollution. so if our migration forecast safe, for example, that we expect millions of birds to be migrating over, dallas in texas. and we will then put out in advisory that day to, to say, hey, we expect lots of migration tonight. make sure to turn out your, your lights tonight, and so our network of people will work to make that happen. then that night hopefully they'll be the fewer lights on, in that city. turning out lights makes a difference even at the level of the individual window in the building. and through our work we were able to show at, at one convention center in chicago. that is, this building has participated in the lights out program and turned off say, half of its lights on a given night for a long period of that bird mortality at that one building could have been reduced

by 50 percent or more. and over the course of 20 years, we're talking about $5000.00 or more birds. and that could have been said. there are many challenges in the world that are really complex, like light climate change, about light light pollution and the impacts of light on birds. this is a problem that people can make a difference. it's really something people can do with just a flick of, of a light switch, migratory birds. some of those that are being hit hardest by changing planet. but some of the pieces are adapting to the new environments created by humans, auto bugs. and could you say young to these opportunities? so they to grow up to be told her onto people disability because it allows them to not only live along side humans, but to take advantage of

the one of the most of adaptation to a man made world is the goals they see flat troops of city buildings as perfect nesting platforms as a safe place to raise the checks tables a land to follow people's should use beating when the most food is available. if, if that means virginia hale nesting up in areas i'm much higher rates than anywhere in the past. same one, locals, i'm moving into app in areas. sir, it seems like something is going right. so then still to model in goodness from the

university of extra to is starting tearing goals on the south coast of england. i've noticed just like very clear when i'm out of town, but people have the fee taken by goals and often when they're not paying attention and goals will just catch them unaware, often flying in from hines or even i show that i want to do this. so actually paying attention to where people are looking, i'm and then we're using this to as, as a way to decide how to get the series, sorry, designs and experiments to explicitly test the model in places a bag of chips on the ground and looks a way to see how long it takes until this not the

within the 15 seconds, they've gone the now for the next test, i want to go react when modeling maintains her gaze off to placing the troops down. she waits the but this time the goal doesn't take the risk. those who are brave enough to steal food whilst being watched. often take a significantly longer time to make this decision compared to those that think that going unnoticed. they wait, typically over twice as long as someone's not looking, then it's going to be much easier for them to then get to wait for the pass and is

able to react. because obviously i see man is a lot bigger than a goal. and as a lot more thing, just to go back by faster so it really would pay off for both to be paying attention to where people are looking and see approach fees when people want. but somebody can take this ability to exploit charging opportunities. one step further, one of the world's most intelligent spaces about this here at the tower of london. chris scaife is a human award, a position which requires at least 22 years of military service. he's responsible for looking off to these regal creatures. good morning h. gaining the title of raven, most of the ravens have been here since at least the reign of king charles the 2nd in the 1600s without the ravens. so the

legend goes, the town will crumble into dust and a great home will before the kingdom. and so that protection is central. the ravens of the largest spaces of covered with a wing span of bill, most 5 feet and much larger brains than most of the boats in the wilds. these inquisitive creatures unsuccessfully as in a wide range of habitats. thanks to the gentlest dot. you think pretty much anything they can find the because of the great celebrity here that visited by millions of tourists, each you know, that say, and the ravens know just how to use this to their advantage. i'm always taken back by what they do and how they observe humans. they're watching this all the time. they offer food. that's what they've often that plan in the day around what they

can scavenging and very often with what they can steal, of course, as well. they work together. i can see them planning technically how's it going to do this? and they use the quest as a bank and hide behind was a wonderful district, an unsuspecting visitor until they was ready to start. then a spike in pic assignment dropped a bicycle for the last i can watch that the but it's actually planning on felt and i'm talking to each other about how they're going to do it. the ravens are intelligent enough to work together for food, or say no, this collaboration will lead to a meal. they can both shot but some birds are capable of teamwork, even if it doesn't lead to an immediate shrivelled dr. august phone, buying from the max planck institute. wonderful. the truth is starting intelligence

and cooperation in powers hair. it's laura park antenna was there are around $350.00 known spaces apart, most of which live in complex sophie flux. although the brains are roughly around the size of a wall, not pirates power, no gray types and dolphins in the cognitive performance. and so they can be trained to carry out, come on well ghost until team have told african great parts to exchange tokens for food. but once the 6th strain show becomes blocked, how do they react? test subject receipts or the pulses f one, spite experiments up, but without any opportunity for exchange it just gets the tokens and no food that's

it's this next solid is neva and it's 10 exchanging or paying for that at the same time. it's next. so the pirate with the tokens doesn't want them to go to waste. so it pauses the tokens to which neighbor, at least they can benefit from the food. so we found that right, parents have the individual is to achieve a goal without immediate benefit to them says and even was also an opportunity for us, for patients. and this is really spectacular to finding because such this, this f and have only been shown in great age species in, in comparable studies. so in our closest relatives, and our finding is really the 1st report of adverse, the coping in and among the median species.

an explanation for altruism with a pump now is that the 2 parents become stronger as a unit so they can better take care of that checks. but for some reason, parents will so help those who are not the pump is helping others to achieve a goal like this is very complex. as the individual must recognize when health is needed. when both exchange holes blocked, the pirates was a tokens can understand. so the neighbor went benefit from them. and so just trying to help the really whole set of findings will make it very clear that we have completed the estimates. it's intelligence. and that's the. so if we got them a said that a so to say, because they have amazing abilities that

intelligence isn't always the key to survival when a rapidly changing climate sometimes district is to be adaptable. and once pieces of power is used, its adaptability to firmly establish itself as a new resident in new york. the rose ring in ring necked parakeet for the growing population of parakeets is also having an unexpected impact on london's population of power going focus edge village is a paragraph research and he's come to this church in south london where a full paragraph and checks the just fledged often nesting on the spot, but almost at the base of the chat spot. now, where we can then go out and look for some pre remains to

know the breeding season is over and can look at the remains of that prey to work on what they've been eating. ah, let's see what we got now here. then, testing paragons mean feel loads of different stuff down here as lots and lots of white and gray federal pitching feathers. pigeons are usually the powered things go to pray, but one new come a is appearing more and more in the dog. the adults a catching power keeps. i'm bringing them back to feed them. grow, intrigues it just hold on for heat all day in the power going dodge the large orange beaks,

a shop and in the adjustable. and so we're left as evidence for it to on. so this very question, so what i'm doing here just looking for these, thanks to go out so you can see the bright green instead of the power teach, you know, when you see a place you can see, see how old is luminous green it is. and this bright red it's not known exactly how these pirates originating from asia and sub saharan africa, made some way to launch. the one theory is that they would kept as pets in the cities. some managed to escape. a may successfully bred. there are now estimated to be around 8600 breeding past living in the u. k. pair. we're going to have a very wide don. they'll take whatever is an abundance they buy. these parents, which originally started reading in the u. k. in 1969 and actually between 19952000, that population increased by almost 2000 percent because of so many of them in

greater london with finding that reading it power thinks of perhaps taking a 2nd off the place in the most eastern prior, during the breeding season, in the late 19 fifties, the population of power good focus is crushed due to widespread use of the pesticide d d t. the toxic chemical, the sprayed on crops, poisoning the prey and working its way up the food chain into the parent rooms themselves. this caused them to lay eggs with shelves to put to send for a clean number of the way so the incubating nato. once this link was known, d d t was finally bind in the u. k. in the 19 ages. their goods have since made a startling recovery, reaching almost $1700.00 pounds across britain. more than double the population before d d t. as a result, that traditional coastal habitats have become saturated,

so many have adapted to water urban environments can offer instead, the of these old bits of power thanks to his line i is up now is kind of going to be quite a few here. right. so i'm ready to count. now let's see how many we've got. okay, so let's go through 123456, and the 7 to the 8th and the 940 for 1. 88. it's 9. 19919191. so a little bit less than last year, but actually that is still a huge number one. so i thought i had this sheet i'll be watching on the web camera took $37.00. and also that was the last minute power keeps of the coming, the force of called the power we can talk. i bring that power seats continue to grady i out in all the parts of england. and i think paragraphs over would be that

i'm probably going to be doing even better than they already. all those type of things would have feeding on federal pigeons and stallings but as if you then asked to bring that power seat into the mix. as a space is the, is, is all around the place relatively easy to catch. the not sure that's probably going to increase the reading success based periods the, the power keys to paragraphs, ability to adapt to a changing world is a hopeful sign that others may be able to do the say the which the better to do this. they must be able to learn from new experiences. it still does in humans and other mammals. a vital part of learning is the foundation of members. when dreaming. the the

talk to june, nina, ongoing, from the max planck institute for lona solar tree studies if but like us re experience daily events during rims, the states in which we might clean the, the budapest pigeon as transparent diamonds instead of the movements of its pupils can be recorded when its eyes are closed. but to study this at night, g a nina must observe it on the infrared lights, which the book cannot detect the softest switching on the infrared camera. she enters the avery to put the pigeon to bed on. the

where we're seeing here is sleeping pigeon. the pigeon is initially a non room sleep. its eyes are closed and is briefing regularly and is quite quiet . and then it enters into rem sleep. so the ice starts moving around and you see the pupils constricting rapidly. so our study, we found out that these people very constrictions were specifically linked to this particular slip state to run sleep. we also showed for the 1st time that the pupils of pigeons are constricting during a courtroom during wife lives. so because these people are restrictions occur during the day in seeming to be during emotional states and the rear occurred during rend sleep. we think that the people are restrictions might reflect times

when the brain is reactivating brain networks that haven't been activated during these emotional states. and the brain is replaying and processing these information . the we still don't fully understand the neuro logical functions of dreaming ourselves. but studies seem to suggest that other animals use dreams to cement experiences from the day in the memory, and therefore learn from the bags in a rapidly changing anthropogenic world. disability to learn is up to 5 scale the. and there are many ways in which buds are responding to a changing planet. some

a gave me the opportunity to thrive in new habitats by accessing more nutritional food and resources such for many others. anthropogenic change is having the devastating impact or anything, habits on populations around the world whilst intelligent and deductible, but learning to survive in unexpected conditions. there are millions of uh, tools perish with us all help because we know more about the edge and how to protect them. that's how the future generations will continue to live alongside these magnificent creatures, the

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