the bench is old and i'll see you next out. say with us the not just another day. so much is happening all at once. we take time to understand this is the day an in depth look at current use events, analyzed by experts and critical thinking is weekdays on d, w. the within 50 percent of the world's population live in urban areas. by 2050,

it could be nearly 70 percent. big cities have big needs when it comes to water, food and energy. this heavy demand on resources posts as daunting challenges to researchers in a world grappling with climate change. those cities and towns will need large amounts of energy revolutionizing the complex systems of our energy. supply is one of the biggest challenges for our global transition to green energy. and for people, probably the most tangible, the so for us us cities and responsible for the policy in the cities, i think it's so important to be taken leading roles because it is possible for seat is to change. so we are very conscious that we need to move into an economy that this renewable and so color and nature positive,

all those at the same time. actually we don't have a choice. i think that we have little time left to save the planet. so we have to do what we become as post as possible the to see how a sustainable energy supply can work. in practice, we had to the united states. they're a california city as aiming to become the 1st carbon neutral community in the country. lancaster is home to about a 175000 residents. and 2009 official started on a journey to go green. fundamentally transforming the cities economy and infrastructure. not only was it a technological overall, it was a shift in mentality. it's the purpose of government to assist people, not to delay people induced to take minimum of 6 months. if this person wanted to put solar panels on their roof, they have to get a permit. somebody would always have a design change,

but it would take 6 months just for them to be allowed to do it. and so when i found that out, i sent out a memo and now takes 45 minutes and it better be 45 minutes. and in the city of lancaster, the hardest part was changing the culture within 70 staff that we look for reasons to say, yes, we don't look for reasons to say no, as you know, when we started out down this river left, there were score in facebook. now, every day that we set out to develop a model for a city, the launch, the world woke up, it would be easier for them to do. as we went down this path, we made more money that you could possibly imagine. alternative energy is profit is profitable in

a huge way. lancaster is mayor rex. paris began by having photo voltaic panels installed on all municipal buildings. the generated electricity was used for public lighting in the process. paris discovered it saved the city a lot of money. the savings were put towards installing even more photo voltaic panels on the roofs of private residents. these systems also became mandatory for new buildings. bit by bit, lancaster created an alternative energy network access electricity started being used to generate hydrogen to fuel public transportation. the low cost of electricity and cheap hydrogen attracted new large companies and lancaster solidified its reputation as a green boom town in the united states. i traveled a lot. i went to the world economic forum and to engine i want to saudi arabia onto to the middle east, every energy and conference. and i learned

a lot of the thanks to the sunny weather and the already existing solar and wind parks in the area. green energy and hydrogen production continue to expand. when lancaster began the process of transforming its own energy system in 2009, the unemployment rate was at 17 percent. in 2023, it dropped to around 6 percent. lancaster became a self sufficient green energy power, how us and highly profitable to once people start being innovative and creative, it doesn't stop with the immediate goal in front of you and extends everywhere. this really is the most exciting city. for that reason we have a common purpose, it's a simple purpose fits that are children to survive. that's not har. you know. ready when you have that, as a common purpose, you can put aside all the difference and you can make things happen. you can build

things that have never been built before. you know, there's this project here. it's actually quite remote in recent years, both the city of lancaster and mayor paris had been recognized with many awards for the achievements from the us state of california to vote in seattle, in the german state of bavaria. our world region where the forest industry is key. the when marco pastor took the helmet, the regional energy supplier, everything here changed the boat in a give us what, what, what an energy supply look like. if we could only use renewable energy use and sustainable raw materials other well, so when we harness sunlight and wind energy and store the funds by him and he wanted to see it all shifted to a circular system that effectively linked its regionally strong timber industry.

with the local energy system, the idea was to reuse as much energy as possible multiple times. and wherever excess energy accumulated se in the form of wood waste or waste heat from machines, it shouldn't be lost, but rather harnessed the woods. we have would we have bio mass, we have sun and wind. we may not have hydro power, but we use everything locally that we need low cost, the surplus energy generated from solar and wind power is used to press forestry waste into wood pellets. the pallets can then be burned to generate heat or to power a turbine for electricity. when told me, i'm copied forms, a cascaded system, which always consists of the same thing. solar and wind, battery storage and combined heat and power. i think it's the perfect system which

couples both sectors and industry. so what's the construction industry is linked to the timber industry and goes to the timber industry. is linked with agriculture or forestry. on so many in steam, new content is created local circular energy economies that can be scaled up to all levels. which in turn satisfied the energy demand in the form of electricity and heat energy depend of electricity in terms of mobility tool. going to be the phone phone will be due to the phone 0 in the area and lancaster in california. both have tapped into their locally available resources as best they can. and both have created infrastructures in which green energy can be used as efficiently as possible in an ongoing cycle. of course such systems are ideally integrated into construction projects from the very start in copenhagen,

a newly built district called nor time served as the testing ground for the energy lab project. living laboratory for research into innovative and more efficient energy cycles. the, well, the services that we, that we test the solutions in real life and energy, let me know how we've also been looking into business models. uh, the, because that's also part of the solution. innovation and business models is part of the solution. in this sector company contracts, it's very important that we utilize the energy that is available. and this is basically something that we have demonstrated here. in the normal home project. we can say that the energy system has to develop, we have to do it in a more smart way. and that means that we need to see what our sources are available and how can we, in the best possible way, actually utilize them. the buildings here are well insulated and retain heat.

that's a money saver and is especially important at peak hours than the early morning. plus commercial businesses in the neighborhood can compress their waste heat and supply it to the district. heating system which provides heat to the surrounding buildings are coming down because they are running by electricity. and by using a little bit more, they trace the team to compress us, we get way more heat available. so in situations where we have surface electricity from, we charge of a photo of a check. we can actually auction my separation of the compresses it can work that needs to a lot of extra energy that can be used in the buildings in that way. is this system actually a small compliment in the search of coverage in that you system? here again, an ingenious cycle, the energy put into the system is not the single purpose. rather it's used several times. and the whole neighborhood benefits. you can say it's about the 7 town houses. so that would be to go out here that will take it. actually one

big part of the maple. yeah. so so, so that's actually is very small. it is actually to be connected to this, to the goal of a modern circular economy is to save energy and increased efficiency. these cycles are optimized to make energy competitive in price, while serving as an extension, or even an alternative as to the large centralized grids. the norway and its capital also are among the pioneers and the green energy transition . also is aiming to reduce c o 2 emissions to near 0 by 2030. the

memory on a bargain helped to draft and pass a series of concrete measures. we have literally tried to, to tell our inhabitants that this is not the bulk of the distribution. so it smelt about the restrictions, if it's about the opportunity or building it, you can, regardless of schools that are built with the panel, there is a, it was a produce more energy than they each team success. so we can put it over to other buildings nearby the costs low is considered the world capital of e mobility. it's also made significant headway in making its construction sector carbon neutral with advancements and heating and building materials. we have said in also that we want to be the 1st cedar emission city in the world by

2030, which is, is a very ambitious goal, but it is possible. i think that it's so important both to try to reduce the consumption of course, but also reduce the waste and also to reuse and also recycle. i think that these are all important elements in the total policy to achieve this, them vicious goal, both residents and businesses must play an active part haggis. gillian deal now spent several years of her career working at a large scandinavian construction company. and also the company has more than $8000.00 employees and carriers of projects worldwide. as a board member, she pushed the company to publicly commit to implementing the goals of the 2015 parents agreement on climate change. she also supported may or morgan's measures.

biggest moment in my career was when the whole monitors missing, and by this time that's, that's the way it would work towards the pirates agreement. we didn't know exactly how we should do it. but with such a clear direction, i think that was so crucial to set the direction. and then some people, some people, why if we can't make it so well, i'm not afraid about that. and i'm afraid that don't dare to set the direction with all her experience. hagar is screwing until now set for years on the board of the norwegian green building council, which is part of the world green building council. i think it will be very important how we build our cities to me next to to this in 2022, we reached 8000000000 people on earth. by 2050,

there will be 10 billions. that means a city the size of b. m will be boot every week until 2050. that's a lot of medium and steel. i'm law, some concrete and birds, a plastic and breaks. so we have to go circular. we have to build with less for longer. sonya who manages a real estate company in norway when constructing new buildings. the company aims to reuse as many elements as possible from old office buildings that are being torn down the wind building a modern office complex, and also the company fused old with new. it was a pilot project, meaning success was not guaranteed, but almost immediately startups and tenants started moving in precisely because

they were drawn to the sustainable concept. hague of school until now also had an office there for some time. and we used the and also the fence here used to be on the floor in the swimming pools and the technical. and it's been used all the way up the other rooms really in the true. so those are some of the more interior aspects of we use very also refer to as what size queen. so it goes from room one things to the outside, close to something else. they've been working systematically on of finding out how we can make the buildings a part of the solution. i mean, buildings accounts for around 40 percent of carbon emissions globally. 40 percent of energy use. so huge part of the problem. meaning that we also have the opportunity to be used part of the solution. the in 2019 an

office building commissioned by sonya, whose company was inaugurated in the norwegian city of trondheim. it was named powerhouse. the roof is covered with solar panels angled optimally to capture the sun's rays in northern europe. as a result, the powerhouse with its 3000 square meters of panels produced as an annual average of 500000 kilowatt hours of electricity. that's more than double the amount it consumes itself. the surplus electricity is used on a local micro grid, just apply a neighboring buildings and electric buses and cars. and this is a play on the project. it's a one in of a kind. it's the 1st of its kind. so it's a truck. so for young people to cease and worker and, and if it feels good when we do new, we have them focused mainly on 3 aspects. at one is to use less resources and

materials. so whatever you can reuse is excellent. if you can't, we use, maybe you can use recycled materials before you start sourcing new materials. more on more of the construction aside sets we have in also are no see the emission construction site because the technology is on place. we need to challenge the establishment industry and also show the way employers and employees in business. i know lots lee has a general trend very much on board. that's cutting emissions is not only the right thing to do for the wells climate, then the future of our kids. but it is actually also smart in the economy. like also the rest of norway is aiming to be carbon neutral by 2030. the country has the large oil and gas sector, but it also has a wealth of hydro power norwegian minister,

espen bar ida is confident that the necessary transition to a carbon neutral economy comes with more opportunities than risk for domestic industries. we're also seeing that the service industry that was develop the costs of $50.00 or so the troll room is now very eager to themselves. go into this new area because if you can run or you know, gas platforms in the north sea and 10 major highways and extreme conditions, you can also do floating wind. if you're good that building for side trips with advanced technology and you are also good. the building hydrogen, the ammonia driven chips with advanced technology. this circular energy economy relies as much on technological innovation from major industries as it does on a stable grid that can provide constant and reliable green power. in northern europe that can best be achieved with wind power from offshore parks and with hydro power is the countries bordering the north sea can help balance one another is

demand for green power. it could result in an international grid which could become a model worldwide. the longest of these subs see links today was constructed in 2021 to connect norway with england's eastern coast at some hydro electric power stations, and norway water drops hundreds of meters to propel turbines, that generate gigawatts of electricity. at deville dow hydro power is converted for onward transmission and transmitted to blight in england, where gigawatts of electricity are generated from offshore wind. what was starting here with the moment, which is a convert station thought physically to is the conversion of the current. so i convert direct koreans don't, welding it, and current of vice versa. ultimately, we have in the connect as to allow where we can seek and, you know, clean energy from lights of no, we hydro energy into the country itself. so it's

a neighbor and not transition over green energy, not just for the u. k, but on neighboring countries. whether that's no with with a that's friends, whether that's denmark or somewhere else. britain has become a leader in europe in developing offshore wind power in the north sea. it's now become an ex border of green power. it's a single frost green hi we. the allow was the transfer of energy from the country would connect into. it also brings security supply. once a prosperous mining town flight suffered a sharp economic blow from the decline of coal mining port manager martin lawler hopes, the power link will help returned the town to its former glory. to the folder blog is already a major off showing you hold for the u. k. and that's actually happening to a truck further into investments that companies won't be pond to disclose the. they want to feed off some of the, especially to i brought it so electric,

some of the best of luck for this, those building cable for the trees. and that will help to drive further in with investments all around the street. are the 1st signs of an economic upswing due to the energy transition on the horizon. we are seeing this growth accelerating around by the street. so the pulse and blind is by which parts of the town apply. i'm. the community is very much with the full and what we're doing here the see the jobs coming in. let's see the benefits, the economy and, and look into the future. we're going to hope that the majority of those jobs will go to local people. so they have image with us, the world's largest network, so reliably generate energy, has been under construction in the north sea since 2020. in order for a new energy economy to succeed, it's crucial to build large green power grids that are stable by becoming partners

in a new north sea grid through direct coast to coast lines. order countries are engine closer to the goal of attaining energy security. europe has to be able to collaborate even better. i think every european state leader and the european union do this. it has thought to them that we need to collaborate much stronger than we ever thought we what that was possible. this north c grid will deploy the latest technology to exchange generated energy back and forth on demand. large industrial centers will be built at the hubs like this planned energy island off the coast of jutland. more should follow, and be interconnected. in the future, they could form a kind of enter network on the high seas. essentially, it's an artificial island that can be expanded over time. but what is really great about an energy island is that can it connect to the power different countries

around the north sea at the same time? the 1st of these energy islands is to be built about 80 kilometers off the coast of jutland, and according to the latest estimates cost, more than $30000000000.00 euros. it is the 1st of several hubs for the new energy sector. the island alone should one day provide electricity for up to 10000000 households. this will require large substations where alternating current can be converted to direct current and back again. that's vital to transmit electricity over long distances. it started very much as a technology would help the integrating large bulk power and trans meeting long distance is with a much better efficiency because of much lower losses. the more assistance we integrate, the more complex the entire and is the system becomes if i need to integrate the

next 2030 percent of electrical vehicles into the crazy thing system. if i need to integrate the 4056, the gigawatts of the offshore wind, there is a need to, to a anticipate the planning and investment. so in order to deployed degreed technology on time, the 60 gigawatts is roughly equivalent to the capacity of 40 nuclear power plants on the eastern coast of britain construction on a new power cable was recently completed. it connects the grids of britain and denmark and will supply them with electricity from both countries. offshore wind parks, the new interconnect or between the 2 countries is called the viking link. with a length of 765 kilometers. it's the longest subsea power cable in the world.

to meet an ever growing need for energy in the future, large storage facilities will be required in addition to transmission infrastructure. hydrogen has immense potential as a storage medium for green electricity at a statements energy site. in berlin, a simulator shows the total demand for energy in a complex industrial society. hydrogen could become the new optimal energy carrier, which means the technology to produce hydrogen already holds freight strategic significance even if the industrial infrastructure is only just being built. now, one way to make hydrogen is via electrolysis. a process that uses an electric current to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. the electricity to carry out this process must come from renewable sources, so that its production is sustainable. and the integrate into existing economic cycles relatively easily. and the addition law is

a member of the executive board of seamans energy. the whole idea is to have a model of your system where you can actually add them to each other. so it's the same building block, but you can add them to each other to be able to reach the right scale, the gigawatts scale that is needed. and, and really stick and, and, and be very able to adjust to the demand of our customers depending on if it's a small industrial site or a very large utility scale hydrogen production. in the future, an industrial site could use electrolysis to secure its electricity supply with hydrogen storage. how much is needed during daily peak hours? how much hydrogen would it take to replace the conventional power plant? for example, these estimates can be used to determine the best energy alternatives. hydrogen is available in virtually unlimited quantities and could become the key to future supply. i would say there's maybe 3 levers for the energy transition,

the energy efficiency parts, which is reducing the energy consumption by really going there and finding everywhere we can have have a recycling of the energy that is produced and then electrification everywhere where it is possible. because this is going to be the cheapest way to do carbonite and then hydrogen and green molecules where this electrification would not be enough and where we need to capture that to be able to store it and we use it elsewhere or in processes. but hydrogen can do more than that. it can be further refined with c o 2 into new fuels until now these fuels have been supplied primarily by fossil fuels in heavy industry. the hope is that hydrogen can be the basis for a whole range of fuels in the future. hydrogen per se will be used as a hydrogen, but

a lot will also be transformed into what we call issues. so where we, we capture carbon that we mixed with this hydrogen to then be able to do so you know, synthetic manner. any of the fuels that you know today professor benz bush is the scientific director at the helm hold center in berlin, p overseas projects that use betsy. a particle accelerator. bessie is used to conduct targeted research into energy conversion and storage mediums that includes making solar cells more efficient and refining hydrogen into new fuels. sites on vices showed up initially, but so it does what it does and i'm listening to. since when have i been convinced that something about our energy system, an energy supply needed to change because it was simply the idea that the physical potential of renewable energy is great enough to supply our planet and humanity. and that it's relatively easy to achieve that. so for swapping eyes of the surface,

that's what convinced me the guy and his gripped me ever since loosened off this all points in his meal. and it was colossal. i think that this is so to translate that into modern materials and technology. i suppose that we can convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy in a key to solving this and that energy we can convert into green electricity from the bundle. and then we can, for example, use electrolysis to split water into hydrogen, and oxygen couldn't do it on somebody group. i'd like to lose it. and through this process we have chemical energy carriers that we can use it and it can take out the spots. and then, and if we think big picture, we could be in the position to for example, bind hydrogen to c o 2 from the atmosphere itself and then generate synthetic fuels, been consumed, the thoughts on often teeth to show, cut off and start thinking areas. sonya account and leads a research project at the helm health center. the goal is to use solar energy and hydrogen to produce cleaner cooking fuels. these could be sold in places where

there is no electricity available for cooking, which is the case in many areas around the world. the project is a collaboration between the team and berlin, and the university of cape down in south africa. i always start from this for to think sales because right now, since when i started right now they've become something common place. so i told them to see the silver, the roof. you can use the new to make electricity, hydrogen, and other things you've been to teams was that if you connect them to the right state, the chemical reactance provides the polarized bed. you can almost do anything without leaving the diesel generator. and many poor parts of the world would and fossil fuel products such as propane are used for both cooking and heating, converting hydrogen and c o 2 into a clean fuel would be a sustainable alternative. when you go to buy your cooking

gas, you go once less maybe every month, instead of collecting fat with these quite bulky, so collect some firewood for one day. it's nice enough thing. it has to go to the next day. and so the time spent going to collect the file with all the time is kind of saved businesses time competes for other more projects like these are still in the experimental stage. but the hope is that they'll become building blocks and an ever expanding circular energy economy the all around the world, more and more research is being conducted into green technologies. singapore especially, is considered a laboratory for the future. professor matter of these for any boston is tackling one of the main problems that the new energy economy, along with hydrogen batteries are the most important storage medium. but they're

made of costly materials which are becoming more and more scarce. that's global demand growth. matter. v is researching how to recycle lithium ion batteries and other e waste so that they can be re integrated into the production cycle. and that has to be a mind shift stay know to let the secular defect going to me otherwise. so we will fall into a, a v as in the was forwarded to a drop off. you know, we might not have to sources anymore. the non young technological university, alongside other prestigious institutions like berkeley and stanford, is among the world's most well regarded research helps. it focuses on developing text that could be rapidly deployed and future industry. this building on and to use campus. it's called the learning hub and was designed specifically for single pores tropical climate. it's atrium is naturally ventilated, which saves energy. i decided very early,

that by trees would be my field of research. that was my, my ph. d topics i've been doing by trees, my entire career energy storage, circular economy, my entire view from early on i always wanted to do something that would make change in people's life. so you get to say that bedrooms and the black stuff that you see that is taking here is where all the elements of present detailed and how does the expression be 1st and get what is called as of last month, this black mazda is what has all the elements inside the way future going to date is by actually using orange fees. we just add orange speeds to the black folder or instead of that, me add bacterial card chips to this block. so back you just go to a class this last month. we are able to extract all the elements of the 99 percent

. not of these research is aimed at making a closed loop where the use of entirely new materials can be reduced to an absolute minimum. her innovations have resulted in 30 patton's to date, and in 2019, she was recognized as one of asia's top sustainability super women. so there's a lot of synergistic just like a foot uh between materials the research and secondary economy of materials today. both of them are done in silos, but i think there's a lot of linkages and my research is really trying to link back in copenhagen. many of these practical experiments are being organized in a database to examine the most promising results. phase vega directs the center at the technical university of denmark. improbable approaches

are often times followed by fresh and innovative ideas, pinpointing them and sharing recommendations with laboratories around the world is one core mission of the institute. means of models that we develop here would be called physics it with, but they also uncertainty aware. so they need to know when they don't know. and sometimes the best way of gathering additional information is actually not from a robot. it is from the expert. it could be from the people that work daily with the production of a new battery materials, this specific insight to guide the development. so it's a multinational, it's a multi facility undertaking and there's also a synchronous. so it's, you can see, continues the operating around the world, 247, gathering the data that's needed, controlling experiments and equipment at other places it's, it's really a global challenge and the global solution. it often takes 2 decades for basic

research to reach industrial maturity. but a mid the climate crisis time is of the essence, solutions need to be employed faster. it's an incredibly complex challenge. so complex that applied research will need to adapt to. i would actually argue that the main challenge and the main potential solution lies in is reinventing the way we invent new materials. so the green transition, it's actually rethinking the way we do materials discovery. we do system development and we need to reinvent the process itself. and integrating all parts of the discovery production and, and use cycle to do so. this is especially critical because the next innovations are already on the horizon. professor harry at water conducts research at the california institute of technology. he's one of the world's leading experts in the field of solar energy conversion, turning sunlight into electricity and heat. a relatively new branch of research is

working to imitate nature's most fundamental energy harvesting process. photo synthesis. nature has this marvelous capacity for in the leaf of every plant of doing something that's nearly miraculous which is harvesting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere together with water in the presence of sunlight and transforming those chemical reactance into complex sugars and starches that sustain life in a plant, those complex sugars and starches essentially are fuse so we have drawn a huge inspiration from nature to envision and process we call for artificial photosynthesis which uses engineered materials to perform the same kind of reduction and oxidation reactions that enable the formation of fuels directly from

sunlight, the artificial photo synthesis mimics this process that happens in nature, instead of sunlight shining on a leaf as it does in nature. researchers use structures made of intricately manufactured semi conductors. in other words, an artificial leaf. and with it, solar energy can turn water into hydrogen and oxygen. the efficiency of artificial photosynthesis is currently at 19.3 percent and was jointly achieved by laboratories in pasadena, elma, now in the fall and help her institute. if this process could be scaled up for industrial use, hydrogen would become cheaper than any other fuel. that's why research into artificial photosynthesis is being conducted worldwide. gets paid the and vendor. we're now talking about the application of such

a semi conductor structures in a so called artificial place i meaning all in an integrated device that does not need any wire into the outside, similar to plants. so that we can basically produce hydrogen and oxygen, more or less from nothing, just through sunlight and water, lots of stuff, once our stuff, that's why this is john from the game yet. now, for the 1st time, we're in a position where we can essentially provide free energy using photo volt tech's. the same way nature has been doing for a very, very, very long time to i. and this has never been possible before whole. these practicing days told me, you know, it's hard to overstate the significance of semi conductors. they're small and inconspicuous, but they are the basis of all advanced technologies and can be made of many different types of materials. researchers at the technical university of elman now

work with so called $35.00 semi conductors. and hyphen probably does have been on the re 5 semi conductor compound take are the ones we can design perfectly, dot smith seats. so using silicon as the base material that would of course, be very profitable, proctors bosses that's where high performance wouldn't be cheap materials and low costs and then hit them on the wholesale foreman's coughing list every 6 months. they are increasingly possible. of course, not every single part of these new energy systems is ready for action, but rolling out innovation to communities and industry will be key the. there are still many scientific breakthroughs and technological innovations that have not yet been widely implemented for public use. the if we go through the

learning of silos as we did in the past, we would get there, but we would not get there on time. and we all know what it would cost us not to be there on time from the climate perspective. you to go to the tape. this is i hate for a circular system is actually the thing that propels us. the prosperity must be made more sustainably. we didn't inherit this planet from our parents, were borrowing it from our children and continued. researchers have made tremendous strides in recent years. technology has come a long way, but successfully transforming our energy supply to make it sustainable. hinges on our ability to scale these solutions. they must be integrated into large sectors of society before it's too late, the

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