the why do we say they're never giving up every weekend on d. w, the among the animals whose domestic cases, chickens are in a closet, their own that an estimated 20000000000. well twice. that's around 3 for every one of us. but that often gets into terrible conditions, industrial x factories, cruel to the birds and fights the environment. is there a way to replace the humble eggs with a convincing plant based alternative that story and much more this week on the dw sign show. welcome to tomorrow. today

for many of us flour and eggs or a perfect combo. but if you live in big deacon, you have to improvise. so what's the best eg substitute endo applesauce? lupins flower, or perhaps the liquid left over after cooking legumes and was having this problem. i know for me, none of them are the solution when it comes to reproducing all the properties of an ag trusting device, not being so can x are a complex natural products with many different properties that can be easily imitated. it's a challenge for a cell scientist embody is hank, but he doesn't want to just leave everything up to the food industry. the style with, i personally feel that the ag is under represented in research. some start ups are also eager to see change ange, vignette, as long as i live as much as this,

we can see that our current food system has a very negative impact on the environment type of its environmental impact is simply insanely high. what we can't go on as we are at the moment because we're just destroying the plant of damage into home, from pennington test. and so what most a perfect tag substitute look like and do better on the go got a c a r t i got i think she knows she was born in mexico where people eat a lot of eggs and that god are thinking working at the found hoof institute for process engineering, she developed in peg that didn't impact either the environment or animals, backed by well known investors, she founded a started up in berlin called next. the food technologist, as seeking to produce the 1st completely vague and ag. it has the show and everything then comes with then you can use it to make pride or scrambled eggs or

for baking. some for team is currently working on making the yoke a little more liquid by adding proteins from beams and sweet potatoes. the beginning also contains omega 3 fatty acids from plant based oils and calcium. together the 14 ingredients produced a stable emotion. the team experimented a lot with ag wide substitutes. this then seen that we had to find something that was transparent like in a chicken egg, but also have the right protein content to put to inc. costs. the next challenge was to get the egg white and joke to work together. the solution calcium in the beacon your forms a membrane when it comes into contact with an algae extract. so the plan face to construct actually forms a spear surrounded by a kind of membrane and remain separate from the egg white. but what about an eggs properties? how do you imitate those competitor lovely day foods,

also based in berlin, is working on cracking the code to whether a substitute phones jails or binds. like the real thing depends on the interplay between different proteins. those processes can be tweaked with a little help from technology. to put these, you want to come into the precision fermentation the technology we're enables us to produce these proteins that are exactly the same as those in eggs in terms of their functionality and texture, and protein gone to some even say they're better based off the for mentor protein, so then tested for a range of properties. today it's all about foam ability to smell them and doing video. we produce several solutions and test the protein interaction. so looking for properties, we want how much the firm is mainly working on solutions for industry and it's come to 9 and it comes close to ag wide but could definitely be firmer and more voluminous. some of the tests i'm going to use isn't adding another protein,

increases the phone was volume. consider the way so how good do vegan eggs, taste? berlin, start up next as already perform several blind tasting events and says 85 percent of their testers couldn't tell a difference in products containing real eggs. and their plant based was. but that wasn't key. sure. muffins, what about a classics fried egg sunnyside out? how does the next product do then? cindy takes twisted. the texture is very similar to the 1st taste is also great. yeah. really good. and what about the show? garcia, how do ya go once to offer an egg that looks like an egg or companies? prototype show was developed by a colleague at the phone of institute made of bio plastics and minerals. the show can be cracked and then compost it. so how does the whole thing come together?

how did meet latasha we made it using ultrasound and then glued it together and that works obviously. so we haven't done it on a large scale yet. i haven't been no cater or should be able to include plant based ag, patti's like this and their menu soon but will vague and eggs remain just and these products or have wide spread afield. it's a product that's 6 to be better, especially in terms of sustainability. that's what lovely day foods is all about. producing their proteins takes a lot fewer resources that current ag factories chickens. but many people remain wary of lab growing food. this has been fun and you got to see it has no necessarily negative connotation level. a lot of natural things can be produced and allowed to come. a lot of research can be carried out and to produce an end product that's viable, identical you dentist. so that means the end product is exactly the same as what comes from nature, but it's made using a new process like the past has

a state. will consumers accept that substitutes? research are mostly a single things they will at least faster than they will lab, grow and meet. so the names are built, i comes in a recognizable form, would actually be easier for consumers to accept, talk to, to you. especially if it's convincing, where it really counts the most in the kitchen. beacon products have become comment on supermarket shelves at least in gemini sausages made from soybeans. piece of mushrooms, dairy free cheese products based on most sustainable practices. proteins growing in the soil rather than the bodies of animals or the future. for climate reasons, we should all be eating more fund base to, to ready. but what about fuels, biofuels made from clint? my to a low cost alternative to fossil resources, especially when the made from agricultural waste the

climate friendly mobility driven by electricity instead of fossil fuels, batteries pack enough power for cars, but not enough to propel heavy vehicles like aircraft or cargo ships. which is why in addition to electro mobility, we still need environmentally friendly solutions for combustion engines at the console institute of technology, a pilot plan turns out sustainable fuels made from bio way street and here fund for tradition view. we're talking advanced biofuels here, which means fuels that are produced from residual and waste material size. so these, if i can use these materials to produce fuels via a range of synthesis, processes that can power the vehicles that exist today to it is key. and german law stipulates that at least 2.6 percent of the fuel used by vehicles on the

countries roads by 2030, the made from advanced biofuels like these a big advantage over conventional biofuel was made from rape seed, or sugar bead. is it fuels made from bio waste? don't take up any additional airable land to be an even i. and as i still felt, we take residual material from the agriculture or forestry sector. in our case, it's drawl which is mixed with hot sap. that breaks down polymer chains and creates liquid products. these can be stored and transported from the raw material for our bio like fuel which we produce here at our plant. however, we could also produce other fuels like kerosene or diesel, and that's like so technology works and could be scaled up. but there's still no incentives for industry to manufacture these kinds of fuels and large quantities. they're too expensive to produce. the most politicians how to set up the framework and we want to launch fuels like this on the market and marketing. but is there

even enough waste biomass in germany to make the change was to fill in boss can answer that question. he works at an institute focused on energy and environmental research. let's skip this is of course they are not endless amounts of ways to do you have to make do with what you have in biofuels, will no doubt sustainably expand on existing potential 2.6 percent as the current target set down by law theoretically a little more as possible. it was the, there is another way to get fuels from renewable sources into the tank by making what are called electro fuels or e fuels. these are synthetic fuel was made with electricity as an input. i'd say you windows sheets solution, the only difference between the fuels and advance or biofuels is where the carbon that the fuels are made of comes from your computer, extracting or absorbing it from the atmosphere. it can be done either by plants look virtually free of charge, or we can setup technical systems that do it for us,

probably for the start and taking a show unlock of the this phones to the institute is home to a facility that does it. it's called the energy lab, 2 point oh, then at 1st hydrogen is produced with electricity from renewable sources, twenties and lots of stuff can be the best way to combine this hydrogen with a c o 2 sources by a direct air capture to do so, it's taken straight from the atmosphere and then we can then use it to synthesize these fuels. vehicles and mid c o 2, which is then reabsorbed via the fuel production process. a closed carbon cycle. alongside green hydrogen and green electricity electro, a fuels and biofuels are likely to play an important role in transport in the future. it will take time to ramp up a fuel production though,

and enough energy from renewable sources to produce it. the solar and wind energy currently generated in germany, will be needed in the power grid for the foreseeable future. e fuels would therefore have to be produced somewhere abroad and import it tested, obviously, so it'll take time and we'll probably see an increase in the next few years, but it won't make much difference yet. we'll continue to use lots of fossil fuels for years to come off the phone. batteries offer a faster green solution for cars, but sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels for heavy transport sectors, like shipping and air travel, for at least on the horizon. those changes might come too late to save the ice caps c o 2 levels will continue to rise for the for the future. despite mentions, themes,

reducing them like requesting drain ma, she's in moves which can store large amounts of the greenhouse gas watts about farm land. the good our fields also absorb more common in one country in europe. industry is already paying pharmacy to help protect the climate on this farm near zurich in switzerland, it's time to test the soil. initial samples are being taken to find out how much few of us and c o 2 it already contains. farmer matching hoffman is satisfied with the way things are looking. i will notate my share and the feeling of all you can see it here the noise you will call from the roots are, why are we still? but when they're nicely covered in the homeless as they are here, it means that the soil biology and the plans are working together, loan to meet and on the shelf. in other words,

the plant is transferring carbon dioxide from the air to the soil, which then functions as a kind of c o 2 reservoir. it works like this. plants absorbed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photos, synthesis. when a plant dies, it's broken down by animals and micro organisms in the dirt. that's how carbon enters the soil and the storage and its upper layers, especially in the dark, rich material called humorous. the more humorous a layer of so it contains the more c o 2, it's absorbed. this principle is being re discovered in agriculture in the form of a novel business model. martin hoffman isn't storing c o 2 to improve yields, but as offsets 1st with supermarket chain recall, legal hot nico has set the goal of reducing c o 2 or even going c o 2 neutral altogether. no, it's all see me on the, to my,

our goal is to have fertile soil on the on team. and as it stands at the moment until this works, using the same instrument or to meet them with regenerative agriculture for long, you'll tell the instrument is one way for the supermarket chain to hit its climate targets. it's just a trial, but the company is paying the farmer over 100 year owes for every ton of c o 2 absorbed the mean by bleep. seen those go on my farm. that means when you earn around $6200.00 additional yours. okay. it's a pretty good subsidy, so i'm showing a balance of on scientists can still only estimate how much c o 2 swiss farmland is able to absorb according to climate protection consultancy. my climate, it might be up to half a 1000000 tons annually about as much of the greenhouse gas as the city of $50000.00 inhabitants emits in a year. elena, have let check

a soil specialist from the countries office for the environment says the approach has potential, but that there are also challenges. soil is dynamic and can store c o 2 temporarily . but also naturally release is that if i pick my own, so it's not a permanent solution. as soon as cultivation methods change quickly lose any accumulated organic matter again, k t. i can really methods for storing c o 2 very depending on the soil and taking accurate measurements is complex as expensive. a few kilometers further, north marcus vba is also involved in the program. he agrees there are many open questions, but he's been practicing c o 2 farming for 4 years because it improves the soil. one principle is to ensure plants coverage at all times. like on this field where he recently harvested a crop of spilt please, please take me some think a clue for grass mixture was soon at the same time as the delta. and it was able to

come up after the spelled was harvested. some know from police will head now forms a layer of growth so perfect for grazing our horses when they can meet stories level. things that either the pastor know also photos synthesizes during the winter . in the past 4 years, it's stored around $140.00 tons of c o 2 eva receives around 30 euro is per ton for it pates. yeah. and this covers the cost of the soil samples which have to be taken with gps accuracy on also the soil analysis only. and some of the risk that i have when i try out new cultivation methods, we will be o. c, o 2 farming isn't exactly big business for a farmers in switzerland, or at least not yet, but they have made a good start. the renewable energy sector is helping to slow the climate change. but it also produces lots of weights around 10000 tons,

with old solar panels needs to be recycled this year in the gym and the loan by 2030. that number will grow to a staggering costs. a 1000000 tons annually. the panels contain many valuable materials. but taking the cost is a tricky business. over 2000000 new solar modules were installed in germany last year alone. their panels contain aluminum, similar con, silver or other materials that are much too valuable to end up in land sales. when the modules reach the end of their service life in an industrial park and the city of mount aboard the start up solar materials to set up a recycling line to recover the precious resources. it's urban mining from any of the raw materials and photo bottex come from china or russia to

see if europe is to grow less dependent on them. then we have to somehow find ways to recover these raw materials here and really establish a circular economy which also to the recycling line. and for a state of the art technology, the obsolete modules aren't shredded but instead dismantled carefully starting with the junction box. after that, the construction continues to pay, the young entrepreneur is have mostly dispensed with. the chemicals often used in recycling processes. they take a big picture approach one to spend that money to that, and it's not enough that the energy you generate is clean. it's all about the raw materials that were used in production of and how is the module manufactured? how can it be recycled? they need a whole list. a picture of renewable energy is not just a nice clean cell on your roof, but also a sustainable recycling change that's. that's the goal for me to sign in gym for solar materials is currently planning to set up another recycling line. able to

break down $400000.00 modules per year. the company has already raised 3000000 euros for the project from international investors. for instance, aluminum frame is can be removed and melted down for reuse, saving 95 percent of the energy that will go into smelting new ones from scratch. the young firm has big plans for the future. both ultimate because it is in regard to the what's always appealed to me personally as building up a company and not just adding value to the balance sheet, but also internally by creating an exciting environment for styles to see people motivated and happy to come to work generally creating a spirit where people aren't thinking, we can't do that, but instead maybe it'll be a challenge, but somehow it will make it happen that have all of it isn't even that those milestones the facility is a work in progress and processes are still being monitored closely, they've already mastered the most difficult step. this machine removes the glass

from the module. we aren't allowed to reveal exactly how it works. it's a trade secret. glass mix up over 2 thirds of a module by weight. and once clearly removed, it can be easily recycled. that means it's in level and look at the layer structure of the line items phone. it's difficult to really separate the glass from the plastic film and then and the next step is to get the plastic film off of the panel surfaces. the field is designed to protect a module from wind and weather for 20 years, so it's firmly attached to the glass and underlying solar cells. during recycling, it's heated to soften it up and then remove using specially developed tools. however, the current process is still too slow for the avalanche of old panels to come out of the stores in time. just based on figures from the industry,

we know that the number of old modules to be recycled will rise very sharply within the next 5 years. and from our perspective, the challenge will be to build up sufficient capacity to serve this market or this demands off target. submitting the most crucial step only comes at the end of the recycling process. this machine grinds the surface of the modules, removing the fine contacts. they contain the most important material, silver around 10 grams of the metal are in each module, silver alone accounts for about half recycled panels. value sits in this dust. and that's almost an theme we've now stripped about a 10th of the cell surface, removing the silver and also the anti reflective layer. and this which is what gets solar cells have blue appearance and exposing the silica and underneath. it's this kind of greyish, slightly silvery stuff you see here, and also stuff. and in some of those a lot sense. the similar kind is recycled by

a partner company, word of solar materials process is a spreading, and the inquiries are coming in from as far afield. as india and japan, after all, photovoltaic systems are aging all over the world. or let us read why you have a science question, then send it to us as a video, text or voice message. if we on switch on the show will send you a little surprises the thank you. so come on just off the sweet question comes from o 8 in jordan. busy what state of matter is plasma to philosophers of ancient greece recognized for different elements, the solid earth, the liquid water, the gaseous air,

and the burning fire. our son is much hotter than earthly fire. it's made up mostly of matter that's in what's called the plasma state. over 99 percent of the matter, we're able to see in spaces and a plasma state. but plasma also forms on earth. wind lightning strikes, for instance. when aurora is appear. plasma is also known as the 4th state of matter. everyone knows the other 3 from every day. life. ice is the solid state of h to, if we add energy to the ice, for example in the form of heat, then it melts and turns into a liquid water. if we turn up the heat even more, the liquid becomes a gas, water vapor. if you heat the vapor to extreme temperatures, it turns into a plasma. during the process,

atoms and molecules transform into electrically charged ions. they release negatively charged electrons that zip around quickly between the particles. the so called ion is ation makes plasma electrically conductive and also makes it glow the. this is why plasma often plays a role in lighting technology. in medicine, on the other hand, plasma can help your chronic wounds. when turned on aggressive microbes that kills done. and at the same time stimulates cells to grow in space, travel plasma is used in high on for us. there's there an efficient way to cover long distances on little fuel. plasma can also be used to cut even the hardest metals quickly and precisely. while future fusion reactors might employed when generating energy that's sold for

this week on tomorrow to date, the dw site and show thanks for joining us and see you again next time. bye for know the

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