to task, thanks. trace amount, that is no actually about meals. join us as we travel around your, facing the history of every day of that. and that's something right around the wells. but no need to talk to you back. just a subscriber id. listen to paul. gosh, then we'll take you along to the right. the auto mall is 50 degrees menu if you will, not even know what it feels like to be standing here right now. in fact, neither did i until a few years ago. hello and welcome. i'm sorry to go through body and you are watching equally and death and rights. no weird in india as capital knew daddy to hear the temperatures in the past. months have been reaching zed. gord heights.

residents have been suffering from heat stress like never before for us to show them this temperature is a challenge like no other. i keep getting these goosebumps because of the heat. i did not even know it was possible. our devices overheat and gone call. we got the water, something for the hydration, and umbrella and the sweat cloth to keep our heads on faces. cool. but we can't afford this, elaborate that a fun area and all sorts a fix when we need them the what about lacks and lacks of those guns around 90 percent of people in india work in the informal sector. their livelihoods depend on them being out here under the sun. last to those, the large i see this time with the question. what 1000,

what them into that out and this is the need when it is this, or do we get 6 month old? often with the call include fee, the even before it was inside, out about climate change is making heat waves longer and hot all across the globe. and also in india, a recent study found the extreme temperatures in india in may, were made $45.00 times more likely as a result of global warming. human binding of fossil fuels is allows me to release energy from the sun is limited by the us into the atmosphere as keeps the greenhouse gases like c o 2 and meeting it select some of the fix that this makes the warmer overall, it was into the burning of fossil fuels and cars of that sees on me xena machines, some like stuff heat is affecting the health off many walk us. also incomes from

adults predicted to take a door on india productivity with the loss of working hours in 2050, amounting to the equivalent of 34000000 for time job. but we push one foot, i change that with them. they put into too much negative. good to go to like the one that gets to get into it. okay. so they can get better jobs and not have to lay costs. in this, the hospitals have been reporting to be using cases of heat stroke, patient symptoms into which cvb hydration, digestive complaints and seizures, there is an increased risk of heart and organ female and even death. we are right outside ron, bundle, our role. yeah. plus which is, which is one of the cities be yes, the hospital is run by the central government and was the 1st to set up a special heat stroke unit in india. patients into the condition in must you then inflatable boxed up filled with dice to pour down there for the temperature. some

require artificial respiration. calling dumps are also used to treat patients in a more stable condition. this will accept to a keys and households with access to a 1000 dice. even your stroke, patients can be managed at 4 months. so if the everybody's having a refrigerator and they have worked up so they can a most the person in an ice cold war to bring the temperature, it takes off an hour to 40 minutes for the temperature to go down and then simultaneously call for the ambulance and transfer the patient to the hospital. such a emergencies are only likely to increase climate change has been driving up to with temperatures, on average by 1.3 degrees celsius. since the pre industrial era, in less than 50 yards over 2200000000 people in india, i mean that's why they could be living in temperatures beyond human thought. and so

got into a studies there's a joint consent system on scientists that extreme heat needs to be classified as a major dissolve to for under dissolves, to manage control. that would trigger emergency funding for measures like the creation of sheets, spaces. 3 water distribution as the reorganization of school is scheduled. as india keeps getting hotter and hotter, people are, will be looking for innovations to has gone back to the impact of climate change. and they've got to the admissions that are causing it agriculture. there's a sector that is responsible for a part of the daughters greenhouse gas emissions, which are responsible for forming our planet. but it is also a sector that is heavily impacted by rising temperatures. making changes can be difficult for farmers, but they're asking that can offer incentives to promote these changes by changing

the way they walk off almost can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions on the fields . and exchange these for credits which can lead to the exchange for actual money. but how can invisible emissions be created? well, the ccr says a hide undergoing a farmer in number. it's, it has made the switch to sustainable agriculture. she practices 0 to and it's funny how we, we use a not loud before. so a traditional goes to ration usually in was feeling it remove the non purpose, the source for funding, but it can lead to saw, i think, tradition and it, it, we should go no longer bones. crumbs w i the using it for marching. instead of this reduces images and aids moisture, retention free nor the land and after bandanna full of we can easily agree with the v like

a the somebody which is in the field. we put the greens on it and then we again with the cut the pulse carter we've got that the estoppel. and that all set those down and you know bombs with moms and with the lime it. it has to grow. so that can uh, save diesel. uh, also uh, no buttoning of somebody that she learned about sustainable saw me to go into go, the start of his farm was did reach cobb and credits adopt language vendor practices. i think go indigo, stop also regularly visits, funds during the when it's about just being able to measure that said that it cannot get back on academic for example 0 delays beat it bills. so he thought about it. he moves carbon dioxide from the f and bid, so he got but it's like binding of the underground carbon credits a certificate that domestic for international companies or organizations can buy the off sick. the own carbon footprint formulas. who to do is greenhouse gas

emissions receive payments for the credit. the company gauges the inbox, as well as that is possible. what has company going to go? does it measures important, devise the environment, the benefits of companies that it will pay for this benefit level focused on sustainability and the money that comes close to the 5 years? so that is all about the government the start to class, but it almost feels with the latest technology to keep a jock of carbon savings. employees born into each fees with the head of satellite images. the data is fed into a mathematical model which then predicts the image is saved within a defined period. once are defined, carbon unit is equal to one dental 5 and outside. now how much is one dental, carbon dioxide? it's almost driving 4000 kilometers because you say that again, the jobs farm was cool,

the carbon credits team will provide additional revenue and it gets now the verification process is over. the sale of their carbon credits will be completed by the end of the year growing, then they will know how much they have both the potential benefits of, of almost a clear but excludes will, and that the international copland trading system is not without its done site. it has its own climbing cords and it will have to understand that the emission reductions that are generated within india, how are they to be sorted outside india in what conditions at what price? because any credit that it's sort of outside india is that the cost of this coming from and does own slam dunk. if the interest in the government credit scheme is growing, switching to more sustainable methods. introducing c o 2 emissions gifts fund was a john for boosting earnings, making environmentally friendly. i'd be go to an attractive financial prospect to

fossil fuels. i lot of the major causes for climate change and we do need to move away from them. but this is not as easy. how does a state like tie carton, which has overall quarter to vendale stores and causes of uh, fines, new and origin or jobs for the 2. okay. and this isn't just a problem in india. let's have to germany's origin, which was once the countries follow house to see how they are making this transition. which is the industry that leads phasing out over the next few decades. the global fossil fuel industry is going to change and with a new opportunities, jobs, and even levels of press barrett, he will arise. but for one reason it germany, the transition is most critical is and if i can contribute to driving this hydrogen production, i'll be extremely proud of myself. and this i can, if it doesn't work in the region,

it won't work anywhere. under the rule or valley used to be germany's industrial power house with its coal mines and steel manufacturing. the region is located in germany's far west, close to the netherlands and belgium. sections so it says i used to be a coal mine, but operations ended in the late 19 eighties. now it houses it museum as well as offices for tech companies. let's see what's happening here is preservation through conversion and transformation. i think you can see that very well here. you can take good experiences from it, and those are transferable over the top. coal from germany's will region hasn't been economically viable since the 19 sixty's when plans were made to shut down the regions, coal production workers, they are organized unions, politicians and industry banded together to support the miners. what is my husband to the comes unemployed. what then? that little bit of hope that lights up we shine, of the women from day one. that's also going to banish the german government,

important money into cold companies to keep these jobs. but realizing that coal wasn't future proof, politicians change their strategy, choosing to retrain workers and support small businesses. it's a process experts say worked well, but the political experiment had to be abandoned. in the 1990s, after germany's re unification, public funding was diverting to germany's eastern regions that were in dire need of investment. even today, the roy lags behind the rest of germany. but one thing has worked well for the region. the push towards education and research for the past 20 years. the hydrogen and fuel cell center induced board has broad scientists, industry, and politicians together and researches new technologies. because the region is still looking for new sources of energy. if you see me, we have a very large chemical industry. we have a very large steel industry and we've gone up with industry. and that far as part

of a gene was always done by the fact that we are an industrial region and the chance to make this technology this industry green now is a great opportunity for us. and it has great potential there developing technologies that can use hydrogen as a power source for german industry and consumers. some on such a grew up in the roy area, tend to always wanted to work on renewable energy sources like hydrogen, fuel cells. otherwise, we can use it to achieve emissions, free electricity generation on one. and if i can be positive driving this hydrogen production forward, then i'll be extremely proud of myself, but softly. over the next few years, the ruler valley will be uniquely positioned to gain from germany's push towards hydrogen. because a lot of the infrastructure is already in place. the region will connect into a hydrogen grid, because germany can produce enough hydrogen itself. it will import it. but why the

networks construction is supposed to start in 2024 p funding questions remain unsolved. still, industry insiders and politicians are upbeat that hydrogen will transform the roof valley. this euphoria really does exist, simply because if it doesn't work out in the region, then it won't work anywhere else in europe or in germany. and i believe that all actors are aware of the kind of exemplary character. we have 4 page contract off of the list, but not every when in the transition you know, recent wage settlement steal workers work with coke. punch, a remedy of, of cold are seeing their working hours in wages decline. but experts say the hydrogen boom will bring thousands of new jobs and preserve manufacturing jobs that already exist in the roar valley. we expect that the labor

market will pick up in these existing industrial areas rather than in the generation of renewable energy itself. and again, germany is still in the process of quitting cold and the war region is still struggling with at least 50 years of transition. other regions that need to do the same, a struggle to what many regions probably don't have is the drive the power and also the financial resources and all of this, it costs a lot of money. that's for sure. it's difficult to say for sure how much the transition away from coal will cost germany's war region in the end. but it's safe to say that the transition will cost many billions of yours. do you know where the energy is essential to combat in climate change? and solar power is a growing chunk of the clean energy 5 in india and beyond. most of us would have seen the solar panels somewhere on the top of a building. maybe, you know,

sort of block or even in balconies. but the solar panels on desk sustainable as we'd like to be the regular photo sales, you know, i made with silicon and they actually quite inefficient at converting some light into energy. only about 20 to 25 percent of sunlight can be captured on a commercial size, but that silicon needs to be mine and purified an energy intensive processes that require more than $1000.00 degree celsius of heat. i bought a new interior of the coal corrupt cut might actually be able to solve all of this can be easily synthesized and doesn't need to be mind like silica as it can work on in film. so you probably a smart house speak up, but it also it can go on your roof to understand why it says appear out to you a spend that silicon. so i went here the how much central i'm in building. they've been researching postcards as son absolving materials for about a decade. hey,

how are you doing? good. and this is the guy in charge of the research and steve, i even said world records for the most efficient pulse guides solar cells. so on a very basic level, what does perhaps kind of look like the temper off guard is a very generic term for a specific crystal structure, right? you can see that here over there. so the christmas structure has the 80 x 3 formula . and like each component is the sort and i the element for a molecule. one of the most common combinations in the structure is methyl ammonium as the a on the corners. the metal lots for be in the center and the chloride or iodide as the x which form around the metal. but there's quite a vast range of materials that can be used and combined. and it's quite wild how easily these can be put together. there's a lot of environments, but before we do that,

security 1st as we are going to up with toxic flat with one of these products, it's good to go look a bit like i mentioned that an okay time to get in our base materials. matthew mixes methyl ammonium, chloride, and let i o die too late to create a abs for you. crystal structure, by the way, everything happens in these boxes so that no water or oxygen comes in contact with our precious per office kite. so what is now the advantage of these materials compared to silicon? so i believe that one of the main advantages of prostate or silicon as material is the ease of processing. so silicon is something that is relatively energy intensive to fabricate. but this is something that can be done at post to room temperature, so it doesn't require much energy. so it's easy to do. everything is relatively abundant. and so, um it, it's,

it shouldn't be bottlenecked for production. so these base materials are more abundant then silicon ends are easier to process. now we have the base materials, but how do we make is some absorbing tariffs guide out of it. so i deposit uh the solution of prostate and then it spins up quite fast. so something like, uh, 4000 revolutions for a minute and then i dropped on the fusion and that drives the, the crystallization. the method that matthew is using his cold spin coating, but perhaps kind solar cells can also be directly printed onto surfaces using similar processes to those useful printing newspapers. another method is that parades and perhaps guides onto surfaces. spin coatings usually takes place in the lab environment and it can be tedious. matthew accidentally dropped the glass,

not a big problem in a live environment, but for commercial production, this is not viable. matthew gives it a 2nd try and this time everything works. after the spin coating it goes onto a heating plate and the darkening shows us that the crystals are being formed. it works the same way as when salt water evaporates and you start to see the salt. there also is like this one here which are only made out of rough guide, but in many cases there's a silicon layout beneath the sales, i quote 10 themselves and look like this. right now they are the most promising candidates when it comes to increasing the efficiency of solar cells. but at some point, it might be possible to a balance that it can completely test that 10 themselves efficiency. the research is at hand, hard sent home, use a sun simulator, it determines exactly how much sunlight is converted into electricity. what kind of efficiency that we just measured?

so when we measure that almost 30 percent, it's a quite nice achievement. why does it attend them? so a cell reach that much more efficiency than single jacksonville. so tell them so lot samples may much more use of the incoming lights, so we have a long so long spectrum, there's a lot. so they have a spectrum kind of the parents guide. solstio in this case makes use of the visible wavelength. so everything which we can see by i, it's been converted into pay perilous, got installed on sale into electrical energy. whereas the infrared light passes through the parasite sale and he's been converted into silicon salsa which is quite deficient in converting infrared light. so they shall, the spectrum in each cell is very efficient in the region. it doesn't sound like that much, but i just tells me this way. roughly 50 percent more, some lives can be converted into electrical energy. so more overall sunlight can be of salt con by any of these tendons. so yeah,

because before they go into serious production, normal stuff that needs to be a major issue is the stability of peril. scott structures using 10 themselves. they're all scott structures easily put together at low temperatures as we saw earlier, but they also come apart easily. even the charges that tremble through the pearl scott in the cell, the cell can create defects and destroy the power of god. structures. also, external effect does like moisture, heat, oxygen, and u. v. light can break it down further and quickly decrease. it's a record breaking efficiency. this whole process is called degradation, which researches and companies are trying to fight with different forms of m calculation. it's use of the solar modules from accidental influences and is an essential spent for commercialization to sales, which is part of a do a p and academia and industry partnership plans to develop commercial sized modules

with an efficiency of 26 percent of a lifetime of 13 yes, ox for tv. a company founded by oxford university graduates has reached an efficiency of 28.6 percent and supposedly sold the degradation issue already. but both companies haven't published verifiable data yet. that also isn't even a lot of research on real world outdoor tests. and until now we've only talked about the technical side of things, but tell him, so let's have another thing coming. if have skype is going to go anywhere, it will need to be cheaper then press that, an ordinary crystallized set it cut on a pet well basis. this is jenny chase, she's analyze the solar market for 18 years and found that the solar analysis team at blue book. and yes, let's go to be the one of cost po, up, which is coming, the $12.00 us cents per well, and it will be 12 by next year according to the international renewable energy

agencies. since 2010 costs for electricity from solar have declined. but 89 percent globally, it's now more expensive to install silicon penalty than it is to make them meaning the limiting factor for solar on manufacturing costs. but grid connection land permits, all label for installation. it really comes down to the company that sells. the cost of dependency factor matters. just to get these into stable volume production will make a lot of money. if nobody does, then solo will still get billed one company that claims it has sold the degradation issue is ox for tv. it says together with partners, it comes with the modules in the middle of 2024, and that we'll have utility scale sort of pox with 10 themselves in 2026 or 2027. looking at today is the efficiency number solar products like that will generate 25 percent more energy then comparable silicon solar parks, solar panels, those have

a good rates potential, but there's still a lot of things that need to fall into place for them to work. and i'm really, really curious if they're actually going to be on the market next year on reggie. and this has now become the was teeth wave that the india has ever seen, that it is like you to get to us. but that is still the whole. i'm solutions that can help us prevent the worst possible outcomes of climate change. how is attempt to show where you live and all that any solutions that are actually working. do let us know you can email us or reach out to me directly on my social media handles. i will see you next week until then take it would by let us, gosh, the,

or the stop the boat limiting immigration has become a major campaign issue, right. before the british general direction, many people regarded the country as a model of multi culturalism for a long time. now, a lot of immigrants feel unwelcome. how do they feel about the intensifying discourse? and what does this imply about the current state of the british society and economics? focus on europe. in 30 minutes, on the d. w, the giving voice to traumatize. this is the journey to building the

independent radio or any rock the destruction of most who could not hold them back . because the deer and these frames had a big vision in my thumb. and if it don't count again, why don't come back returning to the ruins of most of the 75 minutes on d. w. the dream of revolution. in 1979, the hates it dictates as the most uh, was forced as having to come up. and that change my life people hoped for a sara society, the detective,

i imagine we would change the world, tens of thousands of lester from all over the world, wanted to help reconstruct the country. this mission became the 3 on the line was simply a spirit of optimism where we encouraged each other, and so many things were suddenly, imaginable isn't the most efficient and nicaragua, a dream of revolution. dots july 20th on d, w. the

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