as have been reported, officials say the field was laid on top of a limestone mine, which could have caused the collapse. and the reason that's it for us will be back soon with more headlines. in the meantime, checks out a line you w. com the can you see is what old cod myers have to do with the production? here's a hands on so really indeed the snow on youtube.

chemicals have a reputation for being malcontents um is to being grumpy. that alpaca is the best known for that high quality will codes the most surprising that the expensive camilla di family has sparked a medical revolution. like so many medical revolutions. it began with a co, incidental discovery at the free university in brussels. the,

the more precisely in the department of applied biological sciences says mon demands was part of the research team in 1989 headed by professor remo thomas the modem and today often recounts the historic discovery to students. i wouldn't give you the story of the practical sense. we beat dusty 55 years ago with the students. you all know yvonne father is infected. we did, bacteria are immune system, we generate antibodies against those bacteria. and so the anti bodies damien, bind to the bacteria, and they're going to destroy the bacteria, the anti bodies at key elements of the immune system

that created specifically to detect and eliminate 4 and substances or antecedents. but got into our bodies the, on the day of the discovery professor homeless students would to isolate and identify anti bodies in blood. but the cost didn't get off to a very good stops. well, we had our students that refused to donate, blocked, and they would also afraid from the brought about their colleagues. because if mike, based on time in age of tweet about dieties or h, i v, and they feel stuck in a mouse for a stupid practical. so therefore, our says, well, you know, we have seen in our freezers some brought from a drum, with every blood from the one home to campbell was used instead, the, the students got to walk to but they were in,

for a surprise, alongside the plastic antibodies, the experiment revealed of the anti bodies with a much light to molecular weight the they have only the weight teeth both $90000.00. and that was surprising because normally that was the never seen before in human in rabbit, in most in, grew up with the new name. we can, you always have agencies with the most of the weight of 160000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body in a living creature. the anti body had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the 4 in classic county bodies, giving it an unusually low molecular weight. the finding then has to be confirmed and repeat experiments. professor homeless used fresh blood samples from

the brussels to, to replicate the test, but not just with the blood from camels, from lummus. and i'll pack is to the result show that all the animals possess to know certainly the usual anti bodies. but also things really discovered many anti bodies scientist splendid with ease just the remains of a primitive immune system where they functioning antibodies to find out the research is needed not just mole blogs, but the whole campbell, they needed to vaccinate it. in other words, injected with an anti gen a piece of an in activated virus for example. then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. using these unusual, many antibodies designed to stop to improvise the zoo animals couldn't be

tapped a 2nd time. we didn't have any money any more. and therefore, we have to ask of the condition that was americans to take a few outages in his luggage. and to visit these all day at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama there, for his own glee, was a farm. but his uncle, it was immunized viewing drummond, done summer holiday movies a few times. so we close at one year and a half before we have that annual product. how did the drum it varies immune system react? did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder? scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animal's blood. the message shown here used the color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible

the c or not. but if there was no reaction that would have meant that chemical couldn't produce an immune response to the end to the vaccine that go to the origin called the remarks out. or they'd be no point in continuing aria to the point, the newbie, the, the sample began to turn yellow about half an hour into the experiment down, so it was clear, the mini antibodies worked antibodies attached themselves to a non such into trigger and immune response. and eliminate the intruder. but sash moody mind's made a crucial discovery when he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies. a variable pot that can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti gen and attach itself to it,

the modem and showed that the antibodies tip could be separated from the rest without homing, its diminish school antibody fragments. proof no, certainly to be true. resistance, but it's binding capabilities remained fully intact. the tip is what's known as a nano body, a structure that no you don't get access to the trigger and immune response, but to size resistance and binding properties make it an extremely promising tool. so medical science a dental officer, never forget something like that. it's like with both of your 1st child, but opinion if it gets it all the way, then his baby was soon ready to leave the university lab and into field research. but 1st session load demands and colleagues,

remo thomas and say, see a custom on peyton to the discovery in 1993, giving them the so rights to commercial development for 20 years then they published the discovery in the science, general nature, the debut for the small cabinet antibody with a detachable head for such as into the birch trees around the world of responded among them aloud in most say from a structural biologist allow, who said begin studying the new antibody. as soon as he found out about it's the same way they have to do that for me. i spoke to you at this here in marcy that the 1st and auto body structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. we could see the sheet that gives the most to its properties. i do need either precisely anything to them, or there were 3 large loops,

a bit like 3 fingers. so i thought that i could grasp the end to gen key. so i did work. he's over new condo, i don't teach, and he knows even more now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling, but it's being confirmed. it's an atomic level that the know tips binding. paola is this precise and effective assess of a classic antibody. so nobody can book with the to 14, the english 9 o body like many protein 1st step is composed of various areas that are more or less flat, a hollow and bumpy, but these hollows and bumps. there are the bumps and hollows of the empty gen c. on the 2 molecules fit into one another and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes and their surfaces making their content. what that data so fast about the fact that they still hold on it to the fitness center that i've shown since that deal. and if we take a closer look at this interaction on that, if you look at this atomic structure, then we can see that the atoms really do touch each other of it as these relatively

strong bonds between an oxygen that so a nitrogen active good. the binding the entire antibodies onto the anti gym because of the surface. complementarity is in nanometers. we're talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. don't quit. and that's the magic of natural biology. see for my mom to that, i'm not sure either that or given us either put in a to the tip is atomic hi tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time of the stuff scientists dream of the discovery that required a large dose of free luck and the history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x, rays, and the structure of dna. all these co, incidental discoveries came from

a mix of good luck and ingenuity, are retiring phenomenon known as serendipity. the and the origin of this term is for this anti body. quite surprising. it refers to a 16th century passion fairytale, that recounts a journey made by the sweet princess of 7 dead and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel the traveled to reach before them. the combination of count substations and insights resulted in serendipity. and now once again, the camel is the stuff, the cook, but the discovery of the cumberland nun

a body has also raised many questions. could they actually be used on humans work? therapeutic applications could be developed and marketed, says more demands prefer to lease the answers to others. your article here at the school. please get the to see what they think was too much of a scientist, a. and i didn't want to get involved in projects needed. it's a commercial product with, with you. i wasn't interested in this yet. i stopped talking to me. i said, follow over. just you to stayed on that with the academic movements has never looked back though he did keep to alpaca is from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the gross and he's or should trend say, this is paco itself and that's a popular stuck with bob bluff puck, colin pablo to call tune car gust. the 2 rows 6 through is escaping the bomb. the

nice these 2 rules escaping from the middle of it found the night. the one is operate them. so it was in belgium. the nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode, semester mission capabilities came to lights. and then a few to then t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered. in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease that spread, but still lee so strikes it's caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. the the 1st time we hear about so i'm trucks is in the bible. it was the 5th flake of,

as you just say, that it has been always there is, this is really affecting or weren't brothers animal including us. so it spread everywhere in the words. and there are to be some way to get things to infection by skiing, respect, sorry, and in the gulf. and that'll be in fiction cause of system making the blog. and then it's really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly, so deadly. in fact, the suits inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. it's nearly 2 weeks since the 1st and track techs in the united states. the circumstantial evidence is low american is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid been loven's network. 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with and strikes in 2001. so how can we protect ourselves settings proxies? yeah, so this is let us to class security by law. and

what design instructors even look like. how caught on the 4th and then send them in again she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. theses buses or some traffic is so long say bus a lie, it's makes change made of the data. they are covered by anonymous that it's made of little pieces that are trophies, it's work so i can make those categories. and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium folds the pumps. so it's really like the non about is, are the key of the story going between the i'm,

we're and these assembled just and then nobody was possible because of the size the, that success come to, to test and nobody's in the vibe. in other words, on living mice, the, my swear infected would trucks and then giving the not a bodies twice a day for 6 days. well, i really, so they weren't going to die on a sleeve. me and my colleague of sleep fluids doing experiments. and then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. and on sunday morning i get this call from sleep like so. why is that? that was why the control we go to death. i remember really i just, i did jumping. i was like maybe my peach i'm having of has and i sent in something likely to is because, oh my god, you save something this, this, this isn't,

this is huge. is that it's worse. so the best days of my life this opens up really low on the line, over stairs, and also the opening of new foss, what treatments for under my kids that have such a higher. this is huge. but it's in the belgian city of kent when not able to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. this is the headquarters of abilene, a stone top founded in 2001 to develop applications for college, not a bodies scientific success story. the discovery of a special type of small anti bodies in cabinets, sparked decades of innovation. and it lets to the foundation of abilene in 2001 about time the small antibody,

what's the name amount of buddy and the start of the company have 10 and police 15 is blink 6 fluid potential applications to various types of diseases. investors . gretchen, we began seeing the advantages of using calculating non abilities. and in 2018 they hit the jackpot. the goal to send a situated pulse. it was a good investment it out though, who hosted this 3900000000 euros amount equivalent to the promise held in the timing on their bodies. the 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps decision map. ready a drug tobacco for an auto immune blood disorder that's very rabb, but faithful in 90 percent of cases if left and featured a t t p. the

actually suffers from the disease. a quiet from both takes from the side to peanut poor poor the today thanks to cap decision map. she's in the class. she's returning to the hospital for a checkup with profess a couple an a t t piece specialist because the treatment works in the summer. yes, very well, overall. ok on it on us, everything's really back to normal. now we just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life a lot faster. it is solely on the good, multi it from walk a on past the i just and off at the stuff to get bruised is of my body disappeared for no reason for the they stuff is on my legs and then gradually all his all you

too bye literally stuff is moving up, is see this one for just have to single feet. i suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because i'm very active. i'm a primary school teacher. so so do go go and my children are very young is off. i'm always moving around to her. it's happened over a couple of weeks. it's an eyesore since if it smells like, hey, something's wrong and it's because the bruise is started to appeal my. oh yeah, yeah. and i had a huge one on my hands, and i'll see if i thought to myself is on. this is something wrong. tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to matter the key. it's a disease that's linked to the formation of small clots in the vessels of emotion organs, typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. and if we do nothing, the origins fail, then the patient dies on gun uh enough for months. the cities stuff uh, talk to them about the nano body c count,

the blood proteins involved in the disorder detached themselves. they replaced the platelets that caused the blood clubs and prevent them from company to come and live, no bodies make it possible to attacks the diseases and know what kings associated with this is you might since we added capitalism. abdul plasma exchange and other immune suppressive treatments. patient responses not chosen pastor. it's also long last angle. that's what's new. existing process set them up, know on the out of it this off, thanks to this. we can now stop plasma exchange much sooner than before. currently, we estimate that with the addition of capital susan that we can cut treatment time in half lashawn with this function, some of the, the nano bodies. so now such an integrity, positive medical research that that origin in the calculated immune system is often

overlooks the well gave camels, these unique superpowers, the native vienna, austria permanent book studies, the genetics of the very ancient camella di family choose a specialist on the origins of the cumberlands which have undergone surprising changes during that evolution. the camels originated in uh, northern america and it was about maybe like 40 to 45000000 years ago at the very beginning to very, very small like a goat and um, over the millions of years developed into a, the french kimball types larger, smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago,

they split into the tool and images, and i believe the new wealth camels and the old solid candidates. and then you were cameron, it's, they migrated around for the southern america, which i represent as now, but a nama. i talk to the, we're not going to be calling you in the old world, camels, they migrated very via the bearing land, preach to asia, and from the i didn't to africa. the illusion of the nano board, easy to also very, very old development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago because both kimberly niches have it. so the system does not know bodies must have developed before display of these totally ditches. they have developed over the millions of years, very successful, and mechanisms to fight against diseases. then no need for

lucian has left it small come the species. but why cabinets in particular i would to face by chance. a lot of people, lucian thing happened by chance, trial and error. so something which has been successful survived and evolved. and if it was too much, if it cost to keep, then it would have been abandoned again by the species. but why other mammals would not have developed the same strategy? i don't know. the, the cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits of their immune system with humans. these alpaca is for the king near paris, belong to the us, the cheapest. they play an active role in some major research. the

immuno logistic pa fi is the ship it to this small research heard the ticket was a uh go to interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor how much work and brussels. yes, i would said all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with our package. so as of now it's become so important that everybody understands remote. i'm facts and i seen them against various proteins against outside of his in particular have to get your home to pull you up to understand vaccinated. what type of blood samples continue to work in the line of credit you so please continue to use them. we leave the animals alone for a couple of us, see what it is on key on, presumes that name, okay, with them. now if you 2 years of peace and quiet the, the next step, extracting from those few sentences of blood, the anti bodies,

the animal has produced in response to the protein characteristics outside this disease, fuels and it doesn't have to have several 1000000 anti bodies. louis passed developed the rabies vaccine, and these buildings in the 18 eighties and the institute continues to work on promising treatments, thanks to itself, pack, as many anti bodies affinities on kiko a for cool, we can make empty bodies against cause a to see again, seek and recently against monkey pox. ok, so we can make them a conception brain cells. what in the containment for service on the use of to include minor search, focuses on outside for us in the we're trying to extract the anti bodies specific to outside. most cool. the diagnostic heat and eventually for treatment will call for the digging. let's take a look for life to help with the nano bodies that could

recognize some of the diseases degenerative characteristics. and in this case, none of bodies specifically produced by elpac. cuz the, the 1st stage is to extract the dna from all the nano bodies in the blood sample and then introduce it to the bacteria dual credit. oh yeah. i mean, yeah, direct can we have 1000000000 bacteria and signing the dna, encoding for about 100000000 nano antibodies. we call the phil is we selection method so that we gradually isolate the 10 best, none of what easy to put to the email and then on to call the long keys and do the the, the selection is ruthless. they 1st use a virus that can eliminate 99 percent of them suitable not able to use

the remaining 1000 candidates to attend as a, to a robots which one by one test their ability to identify the outside that protein. the entire process takes around 3 months or just to if the original $100000000.00. none of the bodies remain standing the, the chose and unable to use it, then taken to the us, the to do several, the power sprain institute to help conduct research and outside this p a p. i. left size antibodies are always eagerly awaited, especially by adults, have been what the lead to do is exploring new methods of diagnosing the disease. the

outside of this directly affects the brain. neuro communication network, the, the formation of protein deposits, known as i'm annoyed. tax blocks the flow of information, but the disease also causes the new runs themselves to degenerate and die. the outside is initially effects memory before closing irreversible damage in the other areas of the brain. for treatment to be effective outside of this must be diagnosed as early as possible. the goal is to detect the amyloid packs that build up in the patient, sprains from the stopped the into the nano bodies. but that responsiveness must 1st be tested

to die. so criticism which accomplish won't print from you is quite interesting to include the 2 anti bodies really work very well. this one recognizes the family plaques, and so i've done some tagging on a transgenic mouse that's full of amyloid legs. and you can see they're all tactic to this really resembles what we see in the brains of alzheimer's patients. idol to guard. the anti body is very precise and we recognize there's only one thing. there's no background noise. so told you go through it really as perfect as you and the other anti body recognizes the 2nd, the classic lesion of alzheimer's disease. ero, 5, blurry tangles locker clean is useful. you can see that all the lesions have been carefully detected. and most of the naval campus people go, which is the memory center for humans and animals. and you can also see all the time you are on is recognized by the body work. when you follow the logical, the 1st experiment was conducted on brain tissue extracted from mice. it will now

be repeated on living animals. delete the most there under the microscope on. the aim is to see if the nano bodies can cross the blood brain barrier. speaking body, i'll keep them in assets name such as this of barriers isolates the brain from the plot to fi on. so if it's the blood carries pathogen, talks that molecules that wasn't enter the brain there inside of this battery or is that important molecules like anti bodies counts across it to go, except maybe cml it onto bodies and click on the small size is the key trouble so then you can see for now it's very flag inside, you can just start to make some shapes appearing and real time, you can see the attic for the exit. the vessel is crossing the blood brain barrier and it will gradually spread and gather at the sight of the amyloid flax. and so can we do any with it back in and enjoy that. so let me just see here. that's cool

. you can see the prox claim a little some old attacking is done by the anti bodies. but this time since we're in vehicles, we're not a slice unimaginable just a few years ago. the technology opens up new opportunities for treating outside this disease system. the sea level to call these nano anti bodies or nano bodies, but clearly have a feature by combining them with elements that can be picked up on an m r. i will be able to carry out early, high resolution diagnoses on patients through the city bus here, as well as monitor of various therapies on the regression of these lesions. no longer this website isn't these a high hopes in the fight against a disease that afflicts hundreds of thousands each year in europe as an estimate to $10000000.00 worldwide. but none of the abilities can go even further and highlight all the processes that occurred deep inside the human body.

the literally schwartzbar wants to use the nano bodies, tiny size to infiltrate and living cells at the one to, to what goes on inside them. a joke that requires a slight upgrade to the not able to use the nano bodies are invisible. since we can see them, we must make them visible. we link the nano bodies with a small source and protein to make a chroma bodies to then coma from the rest. and it's not a body that makes it possible to navigate within cells and ups of some of the biological processes live. these are dynamic processes taking place inside sales, and that's where the chromium body has the additional advantage of functioning in

living cells. the sales process is, can be displayed and the dynamic modifications within can be visualized in real time. and when it's in the side is what it is. inside the cell, the cry, my body binds itself to a its target. it traces the targets controls and reveals that movements must be. you'll see that we can see the chroma body, the signal of a chroma body, that is bound itself to the h i. v virus. we can observe and find detail how the h i. p virus attaches itself to a sales plasma membrane and it's been discharged to infect neighboring cells. i'm not able to change it to you from a bodies are already used today to study the effect of 2nd drugs on cells. in particular for cancer treatments. you see for an hour or sleep an hour. and

you can also see a criminal body and a living cancer cell, the chroma body collides with a nuclear membrane. so we can observe the division of this cancer cell. it's an important process the most, for example, if we want to now develop a drugs that prevents cancer cells from dividing, we can test them in the cell line. we will know immediately at what moment and then what quantities of drug stops this cancer cell minute. and we can see it in real time on this kind of months to turn life mitchell for. so this is what this helps us choose medicines at a very early stage and saves money in the development of new active ingredients. next, often none are bodies of the greatest hope in cancer treatment. as 18000000 new counts the cases, the diagnosed every year of nearly 10000000 people die from the disease.

most current cancer treatment, slack precision, the team, the therapy attacks, no certainty, cancer cells, but healthy ones too, were such as they're looking for more targeted therapies. and none of the bodies have become a new precision weapon in the fight against cancer. the, the number of potential applications is growing. so i'm a designed to inhibit to cim as gross, while others destroyed the cancer cells. a strategy adopted by belgian stop per site rex. it relies on unable the special ability to bind on to other molecules to form a bond with a radioactive isotopes. the treatment is still in the test phase,

but some potential uses already being assessed in clinical trials. here in a 1st stage then that everybody is being added to a trace of the tooth, very site, the radioactive, its mission to seek out disease cells and attach itself to them. here we say an x and i read them floats with a high uptake and hair. as we can see, the rest places also very good uptake on the trace sooner than anybody's target is a protein called her to that's a characteristic of certain types of cancer. for us it's very important to know if there is a higher her to expression in the tumor and then the tumor and then the best part to lose nose because we know and that's way if this patient will respond to

therapy. another advantage as it to now is the treatment to be tailored to the nature of the cancer. however, there is such as long term goal is to equip the nano bodies, but the far more powerful radioactive payload. so the nano will be east present into 2 more, but the future couple, the same nano will be with that. so if you trivialize it to so you will, you read the aids to 2 more. and so the cancer cells, so specifically targeting to, to more cells, while sparing the healthy tissue what you want. the small size, these very beneficial for this approach. once you administer it to a patient, it diffuses through too much to, to hurry fast. on the other hand, of course, you're working with the very both and the radio is a to for, to predict use. and you don't want the friction that is not bound on the, to mark to stay along the body. and because of the small size you to clear out very

fast from the body, which is perfect for the safety. now the young style top must complete the extensive series of required tests to guess it's treatments approved to the clinical studies to prove that their drug is safe and a fetus from all the way from the camel. if you want hold to the patients and the told so i need to take more than 10 years. i'm not able to use have to potential to revolutionize therapies and diagnostic procedures now and in the future. the growing number of companies offering custom made nono bodies is proof in itself the, along with the physical and chemical benefits. the single domain antibodies are also especially lights and an expensive to produce these practical and economic

advantages make them affordable. so many research labs, stimulating innovation, the candidates may look very unassuming, but them must as a minute to rising antibodies, which has made them into the kings of biotech. something. no one could have predicted. the facts that should cheer camels unplug, as unlike the,

or the stop, the boat limiting immigration has become a major campaign issue right before the british general direction. many people regarded the country as a model of movie culture with them for a long time. now a lot of immigrants feel unwelcome, how do they feel about the intensifying discourse? and what does this imply about the current state of british society and economics? focus on europe. genes 30 minutes on the w. vilicki in the us has become the newest symbol in the culture. joe biden is

planning an electric vehicle revolution. 12 donald trump promises great american, the next street a road economic political portfolio made in germany in 90 minutes on d. w. the each. my story of the people who planned me built a case have been nice to me. i am not saddam, depending on my secrets. i have month to my cities, days for centuries, and accompanied my country through its finest hours. until the day i nearly

vanished starts to lie 18 on d w. of the . this is the news and these are our top stories. and you leaders of nominated ortho live on the line for a 2nd term as president of the european commission. former portuguese prime minister antonio costa will be the future head of the european council, while estonian prime minister, kind of call us, is likely to become the next use. foreign policy chief. the parliament still needs to approve funded lines domination and the secret ballot. ukraine's presidential automates lensky indian you leaders have signed a security agreement in brussels. it's meant to assure.