a destroyed lifestyle. what is the legacy of this wide spread race as depression today? history. we need to talk about here the stories, shadows of german colonialism. the culture of the british political class and media don't seem to want to touch the issue. breakfast, the elephant in the room ahead of the you case, upcoming elections. so let's take you through it. what is the state of britain more than 4 years after leaving the you all suggest the british are fed up with prime minister wishes to now and has conservative tories 14 years in power . fixing the cost of living crisis and health care with the n h. s. our top priorities for voters. and what about brakes? it campaigners promise to reduce migration the labor parties candidate care stormer

is promising. change this week on to the points we ask in a broken britain, can a labor government offer the u. k, a new starts the hello. i'm clear, richard saying that i'm thrilled to welcome our guests to our studio in berlin. we have nikolai, and that's a political analyst at the german institute for international and security affairs, oliver moody, berlin correspondent for the british daily the times. and katya, where historian and author at king's college, london, at joining us today with a view from london so called you, i think it makes sense to come straight to you. how would you describe the mood going into these elections on july 4th? a well, that's certainly a lot of pain gun disaffection out there. i think, you know, not least with the fact that these problems,

some of which were mentioned in the, in the introductory film have been around for years and decades. um, you know, and that doesn't seem to be an attempt to so soul them as far as lots of people are concerned. um no, everyone sees labels c o v is kind of, you know, way out of not many people for labor because they won't change, but they're not entirely convinced that that will come. so there's a general sense of, you know, something needs to happen. something needs to change and people, unintentionally sure kind of with and, and how that's going to come forth. that's a disagreement over how in whether that's going to change. but oliver, do you think it's fair to say that most in the u. k. think that there is something fundamentally broken. we can put numbers really can numbers on this. so a couple of days ago that was a survey of people in 7 countries asking how do you write the general state if you'll country. and in denmark, 25 percent said it was either quite or very bad suite and it was 49 percent germany . it was 70 percent,

but the absolute well champion was breast and what 80 percent of the people felt that way. so that seems to be a very strong, very entrenched consensus that something has really fundamentally gone wrong. and one of the biggest changes in the u. k. has of course been racks at 4 years ago nichol. i why do you think this is not really been a topic and discussion in the media or among political each leads despite the fact that it has been, had such significant changes and be okay. i think it's due to the political situation about 60 percent of british now say that breaks it has been a mistake. so the conservative find it hard to campaign on breakfast because it has not been a success, even the breasts of voters west of fall breakfast think it was handled badly, and then labeled as afraid of talking about breakfast because they went to re when the labor vote us went to the conservatives and 2019 who still regard brakes that s and the chief went. and so neither of the major party hasn't interest, at least at the moment, to make breaks at a club part of the campaign. now for many watching oliver given what we've just

talked about, you know, i think an international audience might be asking, okay, for exit hasn't gone as planned. if so many people are disillusioned with it, why wouldn't labor, for example, and campaign on trying to get the u. k. back into the you? i think in short there are 2 reasons for that. the 1st is the public opinion is very divided. the surveys fluctuate a bit, but usually it looks like those are need 30 or 40 percent of the electorate. the thinks it's a good idea to be joined the a you and they don't want to open up that whole kind of ones and upon the reservation that we had during the referendum yet. the 2nd reason i think is that the actual policy differences you could make and buttons relationship with the you now of very technical and people's the average person's understanding of an enthusiasm for these. but at the end of the day brought the kind of minor regulatory shift is a lot lower than it would have been 5 years ago. all right, well let's take a closer look at the repercussions of abraxas, especially with regard to the economy. that's a big one on independence analysis published this year,

found that breakfast is costing the u. k. 140000000000 pounds. it's roughly 162000000000 euros a year. economy has shrunk. many are feeling the consequences acutely in their everyday lives. full use of to breaks to purchase residents of feeling disillusioned. many people are struggling with the shop, increasing the price of food and housing companies are complaining about stuff shortages and the border controls along with wrapped into iraq, prosy and delivery. delays great and has gone downhill. since leaving the european union, it's really going down here for the n h s. the country's health care system has been especially impacted. doctors are regularly striking against poor wages and stuffing shortages. it's probably very unfortunate for people who have missed appointments by the end of the day. this is the song taken care all set and how can they take care of us? 7 and

a half 1000000 patients are currently waiting for treatment. the breaks the t is promised that billions of pounds would flow into the chest instead of brussels has not been fulfilled. which has led to approval ratings for conservatives and power plummet chain. this benefits the late, the policy issues lead a key. a storm is promising to purchase people, change fox can leave the really change the country has come to katya for more of a diagnosis of what's going on with the u. k. economy, katya. how would you assess the state of the economy now in 2024 compared to before breaks it to? well, when you look at what matters to people, the economy is always very high up as the cost of living basically. and this is the main thing that people realize in the everyday lives is not everything is just becoming so much more expensive. you know, even when you look at inflation rates just at surface level, you know,

that doesn't really translate into what this actually means for groceries, which has become disproportionately more expensive to kind of day to day stuff. really. that matters to people. that's not until i need you to break so that i mean the office, the world wide issues with inflation. corporate has a lot to do with the other things as well. so sometimes this quite difficult to disentangle the end of the phone from the actual impact of breaks it up to another . people are basically feeding the squeeze because it was already quite tight, you know, even years ago for people to make ends meet at the end of the month. and now it's becoming possible for many, many people across the country. and it's like, how would you, this entangled this how, how much of this cost of living crisis and the state of the economy is, is down to breakfast and versus things that are affecting the rest of europe like the krona virus. now demick like the war and ukraine, i think the big differences said something that the pen demik there was one huge hit to the economy and then and started to recover. and breakfast is a constant drag on the u. k. economy. it affects competitiveness. it affects how

companies can trade with the e u, and therefore it columbus estimate that the u. k. is losing about 4 percent of a cdp gradually overtime. and does this make it makes it so difficult for the u. k to recover. and i think the 2nd point in this is maybe the difficulty for breakfast to us. uh, many people in the u. k. now blame almost all problems economically and breaks it, whether it's true or not. and this is contributed to this effect of breasts of being. so unpopular in the u. k. even ask you say inflation cost of living crisis is something that also affects other european cry countries. but for the u. k. rex, it comes on top of that and makes it even worse. yeah. oliver. do you agree with that? and if maybe you can also paint us a picture of what this cost of living crisis looks like for people, you know, when they want one huge factor that really doesn't have much control to do with breaks that, that we haven't talked about yet. is the cost of housing. yeah, which is bad and a lot of western countries,

but it's very is particularly bad in britain because of the tangled of regulations that prevent people from building and also because of the mismanagement of fiscal policy and less trust when she was prime minister. so the mortgage rates on my flats in london doubled in the space of 6 months. we were paying like, found more than a 1000 pounds a month more well, as a result of that, that particular economic crisis, which had absolutely nothing whatsoever to do with breaks it so, so much unpredictability, there for your average person, katya. i guess the big question is that you've been to that already is, can labor fix some of these issues that the conservatives have, have not been able to split up? so is the big question. so maybe we don't really know it because the rhetoric that is coming out from the labor party at the moment actually sounds quite similar to what the conservatives are saying. so there's a lot of talk about grades that cannot make rise,

trying to basically create revenue not necessarily directly through the raise of taxation, but to try and basically get the economy going. and deb, i increased the states revenue with or that will come to a positive cause. and tati depends on whether they can create that price that they, that they need to make that work. if not, then they may either have to borrow money or raise taxes, both of which will of course, have an impact on the economy overall. yeah, typically i'd like to get your view on that too. whether labor has a plan in place that could do the conservatives have not. and also what katya mentioned, i think is important about how are you gonna pay for all this. so labor has a huge sleep in the polls around 20 percent. and so they're almost guaranteed to have a government with the probably very, very large, absolutely majority. and you could guess that would give them the breathing space to be more innovative and developed more radical ideas, but kissed. i'm a, has to use the very opposite strategy in london. they speak about the mean vos for the way. how is this whole lead before him? and is a very cautious to say anything that might upset both us. and so he was out any tax

increases. he's very cautious on breakfast that and so as katia said, the, the economic ideas in the labor manifesto basically boils down to we hope we can stimulate more gross by being a more competent government. but we will not say anything. how we actually address the physical problems and this will become a huge difficulty once labor has this majority. and basically on day one, he would have to give the answers to the economy, to the people on how he will address this very, very tied fiscal space and still the chief growth for the. okay. and then till then he's shuffling toward voting day, holding this really delicate raising his hands all over. i do want to talk about the n h s. this is also one of the things that when holds the british they, they really want see an improvement to from the next government head of rex it worst. johnson had promised that leaving the you would free off money that would then be re invested in britain's health service. why has that not happened?

why is it not happened? because the money wasn't afraid up by leaving the a you. but it's also not entirely true that the government hasn't invest in the health. so if his health spending has risen, and in fact in international comparison, we spend about 11.3 percent of all gd pay on the health surface, which is not as high as here in germany, but it's very high by the standards of ridge countries. so i think you have to ask really one of the kind of underlying reasons why we're getting start to pull results for what is a fairly significant investment. all right, so as we've heard, anger has been largely directed at the ruling, a conservative party, but i think it's important to talk about something else, giving them a run for their money in the polls is a right wing populous party featuring many of the same faces and names you might know from you kept which campaigned in favor of rex it well guess is back. mr. braxton nigel for ross has returned. he's trying to enter the house of commons with his new policy reform. you came according to

a poll. it's the 2nd strongest policy behind the labor and a head of the tories. verizon says the conservatives have failed to deliver on the promises made during breaks that, including limits on immigration. anyway, so really funny, it was still a southern say to decide who can come in, who can say is by leaving the european court of human rights, it is completely out of date. this populace terminology is similar to p. m through next recent statement out domestic court will no longer be able to use any domestic international, including the human rights act. to stop us removing illegal migrants through 9 am to pull the refugees to rewind, although quotes have leads that it's dangerous. so next government responded, thing rwanda is safe now for ours is once again fishing for right wing votes, his goal is to become prime minister in 5 years. right?

wing, populism, and immigration. will they shape british politics even more in the future? so nikolai, it seems that the only politicians out in the u. k. still openly supporting breakfasts are part of for form u. k. can you put this party into perspective for us, for example, how does it compare to other right wing populace movements that we've seen in western europe? so reform u. k is very similar to the file, right? national conservative parties, i would say they campaign, for instance, for very strict migration rules. they campaign against net 0 climate policy. and i think the biggest similarity that the main aim is really to take over the center right position. so for a status aimless, basically, to become a 2nd in the polls, maybe not even get many seats in the house of commons, but intellectually take over the conservative party and drive it for the to the

file. right. and establish this as the only opposition to labor, and then this would give him the space to implement or push for his policies that he wants to get in, in the long term. and the selection oliver would you have expected to see reform u. k. performing. so well, relative to the conservative party, i absolutely would look, i grew up in a verbal family of like died in the will. conservatives who regarded margaret thatcher was assigned to david cameron is a dangerously wet liberal. what i find interesting looking back is that they voted for previous nodule. firearms projects for the you can dependent spotty for the breaks it potty without feeling that they compromise their identity as tories. because they saw nodule. firearms as an instrument to direct their own party towards what they thought was more authentic. conservative values. in other words, this has always been about moving to main center, right, potty and breton to the right. first of all, on the you then on that 0 and now increasingly on integration and russia and katya,

do you think then that we will see a bigger role of, of this brand of, of right wing populism in the u. k. all have they've been successful in what oliver's laying out us i think so. not nice because they have nigel fellows back. you know what? but many people, the problem that many people have with the 2 main stream policies, is that they haven't go any personnel really at the top with any form of you know, what, what you might describe as christmas and a nicer fathers doesn't have of that. and so i think, you know, because they've managed to just sort of striking my off retirement or whatever it is that he was doing. and they have not got somebody use basically able to galvanize a section of the population behind them. and that will play a role, and a lot of this is true not just in the u. k, but in a lot of right wing movements within europe. one thing that came up again and again is immigration in the u. k. reducing it, tightening borders. in fact, one of the biggest promises of rex it right, was that if the u. k, left the u,

it would be able to tighten borders. nickel, i do think that that promise after breakfast has been fulfilled is yes and no. i mean, the ironic thing this, that's the breakfast referendum was about migration from, from the you. and that actually went down a lot of less people from the you come to the you, k and many people from the us have left. but what has risen is eco's migration into, into the u. k to a very, very strong extent, but also migration from other parts of the world like hong kong talk is done. india that has also risen. and so right now the net migration of the u. k. has reached figures that would never reach before the brakes that referendum over $600000.00 people per year. and that means for many bricks. the tiers $1.00 to $2.00 vote for breakfast. that's a really controlled the borders the except office that has happened. we have the small boat crisis and even the, the conservative party with all other one, the policy that really soon that tried to implement has not managed to really

control the board. and this is one of the core reasons why the attack from the file, right? a so open with niger for us, but also people within the conservative party attacking or research. so not in saying we have not really fulfilled our call problem of controlling migration and controlling our own borders. and oliver, what is labor promising here regarding migration festival, i hate to contradict nikolai with who these because today will expertise. but while the political focus is very much on iraqi, the integration, the increase that we've seen and immigration from outside the eu has overwhelmingly been regular life and migration to fill unfilled jobs. above all in the cats cast sector and in the health sector to areas that are really lacking and even the reform party. and it's manifesto that that is the right wing populace party admits that it would only try and cut no necessary integration, right? because there is actually a kind of side and political consensus that our economy can only be sustain,

that we can only pay for people to look after all our elderly methods. so it says the state in the and it chests with a certain level of integration, not even a scaling of, of skills like, but also sounds good. like, what does that play into labor's platform this time around? i don't think labor has taken any kind of very, particularly strong positions on the subject t u. they set that they want to show the one the policy. and the aim is to get the good migration under control by sort of tackling the criminal gangs rather than trying to establish the state to and of to run the policy. but they also, i think, back again to this and being bossed, or the very, very counseling not to talk about immigration because that is one of the a tech lines of the conservatives saying, if you get labor, you will get much more people to the u. k. that was a very nice the ad for by the conservative party, where they showed somebody from the labor rolling all direct carpet at the british coast and saying, if you voted labor, you would get lots,

lots of more than the customer gratian. so they're very careful not to talk about that, even if su sense, the migration is actually increasing and helpful for the okay. cuz the, the numbers have a tiny, right, the landscape, we're talking about maybe a few 100 people at most bank deposit each year. the this, the obsession with the cycle or 1st. yeah, but it's smokeless bringing people across the channel. that's 30000. yeah. like that's not even 5 percent of the title. and so i think the political debate about this has been incredibly narrow. it comparisons to kind of overall demographic changes with thing so, so just to be clear, why make such a big deal out of this? if it's a relatively small number of just this to my theory here, is that in the breaks it referendum. and since then it's not fundamentally, for most part has been about the number of people coming into the u. k. it has been about the feeling that they can exercise some form of control of who comes in and what becomes very visible with iraqi during the question. in particular with the small boat is the fact that we can't control this. yeah, got you. i'd just like to bring you in here too and get your thoughts on what

nikolai and oliver has been talking about is that, do you share that same view to? well us, i think it genuinely is a big issue for a lot of items. so you see, when you look at surveys, to around 2 thirds of 4, it does consider immigration of one of the, the big things, the buck so keeps them awake at night. and that's been pretty stable actually for a few years now. so is a big issue, which is why the tories i came to talk about it. but what they're not going to talk about is effectively the dependence of the british economy on a cheap cut already made labor of people who've already been trained to do certain things, particularly in the medical sector. and can them be sort of important if you will, into the u. k, without the u. k. um, you know, industry having or, or the economy having to train them themselves. and so this focus on this move, but it's is a way about taking integration as a topic and talking about it. but note about the fact that they don't really want to do anything about, you know, so you can still use this topic without really addressing why that by legal

migration was still. so hi, nicole, i just want to bring this full circle and get some, some final thoughts on what's ahead. after these elections. can labor be a new start for the u. k. this is our big question. so i think 1st new governments are in pretty quickly in the u. k. so basically the day after the elections of labor gets a huge majority of the customer will be invited to form the government, but it will not be a blessed i. in 1997 revolution where labor comes in with a plan to really to on the country around. i think the best line i would describe the labels current policy is, was we want to do a lot of things like the tories. but we want to do that more competence and then kissed i'm a will try to very carefully readjust some of the levers of, of the u. k. public policy address these fiscal circumstances. i don't think foreign policy will be a big issue. so even the u. k. u relationship, which we talked about in the beginning,

labor would only very tacitly address that. and really the focus will be on tackling and h. s. the cost of living crisis. was it sort of small levers and labor trying to convince the economy to invest more and in the country? and this is what i think has stomach was say on day one after the elections. and where does all of our, where does this leave? the conservatives assuming labor does roll to victory, as the polls are showing. what you expect to come next in the recognize is actually a super interesting and unpredictable question. i think because that the general default assumption is that they will draw the lesson from the fate that they one far enough to the right. and that's why they hemorrhage so many voids to the right wing populist rod at the contracting that they lost it in the middle. and they should have tried to fight life for the sense of ground and that therefore it would get increasingly radical. you would have a right wing, lita, somebody like sweat up or off mental pretty patel who with the full now i'm secretaries but they're also in have a series that suggest the complection of the parliamentary party could actually be

pretty centrist in of to the election. it could be like radically different to what we've been used to for the past 5 years. in which case, you know, it is very possible that they could recognize quite quickly that the only plausible route they've got back to power is to a point somebody who can try and win the buffalo for the center grant. it'd be interesting to see how that plays out katya. let's, let's come to you. it is the u. k. do you think if you have to look into your crystal ball and make a prediction? what's happening next year in the u. k. will it see change as care start as promising, or does breast that have a role in fundamentally crippling it in, in, in what it sees in the years ahead in terms of its economy. and it's a and it's standing on the world stage or i don't think breaks that will necessarily play a huge role. i think just almost already said, you know, that obviously doesn't want to take the u. k. back in as you will try and tweak

basically the existing of agreements be that on security or in, on inputs, exports and so on. but it will be include mental change, you know, so no, i don't think that the big thing that would dominate the headlines. i think for me, an interesting question is what's happening internally with the labor party? i mean, you know, that this kind of being was the price that we've been talking about has also works . you know, to what's the inside view of the labor party because that's very divided and with the kill stomach and bring not together the less than the right wing kind of wings of it and then run the country with them remains to be seen. all right, so a political reckoning from both sides. it sounds like i will keep an eye on the election results as they come out. i want to thank a fabulous panel of guests for your insights today as nickle life one on that, the oliver moody and katya why and to you watching at home. thank you so much for your attention. i for watching on youtube. br office a comment in the comment section. i am clear richardson in berlin and we're so glad you can join us today. the,

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