the far right sense it's a gemini kazi, is holding. it's some conference. the parties riding high following. we sent electro successes despite the series. well, that's it. for now, there's one use of the, the innovation green, the green revolution global. so listen to a whole lot of crime. it's probably up to speed if the carriers subscribe to those channels every friday, subscribe to plan is a, the, the camels have

a reputation for being malcontents numbers to be ingram. that alpaca is the best known for that high quality will codes all the most surprising that the expensive camilla di family has sparked a medical revolution. like so many medical revolutions had begun with a co incidental discovery at the free university in brussels. the,

the more precisely in the department of applied biological sciences says mon demands was part of a research team in 1999 headed by professor remo thomas. the modem items today often recounts the historic discovery to students. i will give you the story of the practical since we need to stay 35 years ago with the students. you all know yvonne for the eastern frick this to read it back to you . yeah. our immune system, we generate antibodies against those bacteria. and so the anti bodies, they wouldn't bind to the bacteria and they're going to destroy the bacteria, the antibodies at key elements of the immune system

that created specifically to detect and eliminate 4 and substances or antecedents. but got into our bodies the, on the day of the discovery process, the homeless students were to isolate and identify anti bodies in blood. but the cost didn't get tough to a very good stops. well, we had our students that refused to donate, blocked, and they were also afraid from the brought to a point that colleagues, because if mike, based on the diamond age of tweet about dieties or h i v, and they feel stuck in a most for a stupid practical, so therefore, our said, well, you know, we have student in our freezers. some brought from a drum with every blood from the one homes campbell was used instead the, the students got to walk

a but they were in for a surprise alongside the plastic antibodies. the experiment revealed on the anti bodies with the much lights and molecular weight the they have the only way to use both $90000.00. and that was surprising because normally, that wasn't never seen before in human in rabbit, in most inc broke of di, you name it. can you always have agencies with the most of the weight of 160000 professor homeless students had stumbled upon a previously unknown anti body in a living creature. the anti body had just to poly peptide chains as opposed to the full in classic county bodies, giving its an unusually low molecular weight. the finding then had to be confirmed and repeat to experiments. professor homeless used fresh blood samples from

the brussels due to replicate the test but not just with the blood, from campbell's, from lummus. and i'll pack is to the results show that all the animals possess to know certainly the usual anti bodies. but also thing really discovered many anti bodies scientists, one did with these just the remains of a primitive immune system where they functioning antibodies to find out the research is needed not just mole blogs, but the whole camel they needed to vaccinated. in other words, injected with an anti gen a piece of an in activated virus for example. then they have to wait and see if the animals immune system would produce a response. using these unusual, many antibodies assigned to start to improvise the zoo animals could be

tapped a 2nd time wednesday, the top any money any more. and therefore, we have to ask off the conditions that was americans to take a few outages in his luggage. and to visit these all day at the atlas mountain to immunize the drama there, for his own glee was a farm. but as long ago, it was immunized viewing drama down summer holiday movies a few times. so we close at one year and a half before we have to anyone for about how did the dromedary use immune system react? did it produce many anti bodies specifically targeting the intruder? scientists wherever, eventually able to test the animal's blood. the message shown here used the color reaction to make the antibodies recognition of the anti gen visible

the t or not. but there was no reaction that would have meant that chemical couldn't produce and immune response to the end to the vaccine that go to the office and going through the next hour. or will there be no point in continuing aria, the defaulting every the sample began to turn yellow about half an hour into the experiment. down. so was clear. the mini antibodies worked antibodies attached themselves to an outage into trigger and immune response and eliminate the intruder. but session moved, demands made a crucial discovery when he looked at the very tip of the camel anti bodies, a variable pod can adapt to any kind of virus bacteria or other anti gen and attach itself to it

the modem and showed that the antibodies tip could be separated from the rest without homing it. the minutes school antibody fragments proved can also need to be true resistance, but it's binding capabilities remained fully intact. the tip is what's known as a nano body, a structure that no longer acts to trigger and immune response. but to size resistance and binding properties make it an extremely promising tool. so medical science a dental center. they never forget something like that. it's like with both of your 1st child in but opinion. if it gets all the, if they then his baby was soon ready to leave the university lab and into field research. but 1st ash, modems and colleagues,

remo from us and say, see a custom on peyton to the discovery in 1993, giving them the so rights to commercial development for 20 years. then they published the discovery in the science general nature. the day be for the small hamlet antibody with a detachable head for such as and deliberate trees around the world of responded among them. a lot in must say from a structural biologist allow, who said begin studying the new antibody. as soon as he found out about it the same way they have to do that for me, i spoke to you at this here in mar. see that the 1st and auto body structure was modeled in parallel with our colleagues in brussels, south carolina. we could see the shape that gives them over to us properties. i do need either precisely anything to them. or there were 3 large loops

a bit like 3 fingers. so i thought that i could gras vianza junky, so it didn't work. he drove a new pond on his end. he knows even more now, thanks to progress in scientific modeling. but it's been confirmed. it's an atomic level that the know tips binding. paola is this precise and effective assess of a classic antibody. so nobody can book with a to 14, the existing auto body, like many protein 1st step is composed of various areas that are more or less flat, a hollow and bumpy, but these hollows and bumps near the bumps and hollows of the empty gen. see on the 2 molecules fit into one another and thanks to the perfectly complimentary shapes to their surface of contain what that data so fast about the fact that they still hung on it to me fitness test that i've shown since that deal. and if we take a closer look at this interactions on that, if you look at this atomic structure, then we can see that the atoms really do touch each other of it as these relatively

strong bonds between an oxygen that so a nitrogen active good binding. the entire antibodies onto the oxygen because of the surface complementarity is in nanometers. we're talking 10 to the power of minus 10 meters. don't quit. and that's the magic of natural biology. steve, my mom to that, i'm not sure either that or the energy the to the tip is atomic high tech about a miniscule vehicle ready for use at any time of the stuff scientist? dream of the discovery that required a large dose of free lock. the history of science is full of accidental breakthroughs over such that produced unexpected results from aspirin to dynamite, x rays, and the structure of dna. all these coincidental discoveries came from

a mix of good luck and ingenuity. are retiring phenomenon known as serendipity, the, the origin of this term is for this anti body. quite surprising. it refers to a 16th century passion fairytale, that recounts a journey made by the sweet princess of 7 dead. and how they were able to precisely describe the characteristics of a camel that had traveled to reach before them. the combination of count substations and insights resulted in serendipity. and now once again, the campbell is the stuff the cook, but the discovery of the cumberland,

nun ability has also raised many questions. could they actually be used on humans work or a piece of complications could be developed and marketed, says more demands prefer to lease the answers to others. your article go to school . the school. get the so assume what they think of it too much of a scientist. they don't even want to get involved in projects need is a commercial product with with you. i wasn't interested them as you stop talking to me, you have said follow over. just you to stand on that with the economic movements has never looked back though he did keep to alpaca is from the adventure that really need you to now is to keep the growth in his ocean trend. so say this is pack up myself and that's a popular stuck with bob bluff bucklin poplar to consume carcass. the 2 rows of

it's through is escaping the bomb. the nice these 2 rules escaping from the middle of it found the knife to the one is optic them. so it was in belgium. the nano bodies potential applications were 1st explode. and some, a stomach machine capabilities came to light and then a few of n t conducts research at the university whether or not it bodies with us discovered in 2014, to begin to focus on the disease that's read, but still lee. so strikes it's caused by bacillus versus a complex and relatively under studied bacterium. the, the 1st time we hear about trucks is in the bible, it was the 5th flake of,

as you just say, that it has been always, there is, this is really affecting or warm blooded animal, including that. so express everywhere in the words. and there are to be some way to get things to infections, like skeen respect, sorry, and in the gulf, and that'll be infection cause of systemic in the blog. and then it's really, really difficult to be treated as instructs infection via the respiratory system is particularly deadly. so deadly. in fact, the seats inspired biological weapons projects in the 2nd world war. it's nearly 2 weeks since the 1st and track of tax in the united states. the circumstantial evidence is low. american is leading the authorities to investigate possible links between the anthrax and a solid been loven's network. 5 people in the us actually died from left to is laced with and strikes in 2001. so how can we protect ourselves that exceed? yeah, so this is let us to class security by law. and

what design instructors even look like. how, how caught on the 4th and then send them in again, she was interested in one specific characteristic of the bacteria. this is positive or some charges. it's our long save bus. a lie, it's makes change made of the center data. they are covered by anonymous that it's made all the little pieces that are trophies, it works so i can make those kind of them. and if you remove the item or the bacteria are getting a signal at austic and there are no sticks any more. and i came out with the idea that, well, what if i can discharge these are the thoughts turned to the number of bodies

discovered by how university colleagues might they be able to use them in a school size to infiltrate the bacteria? is alma like tiny miss styles that code for a nama? the protein that makes up the bacteria is um, was injected into the beast. and after a few months, the nama had created no bodies, specifically targeting this protein. fyodor of anti then introduced and then their bodies to the answer. i expect tyria the results were astonishing. those of the known cheese themselves, you see they have these uh, as most shape. but when you treat them, we do not know bodies. they start to read to wrinkle and then they collapse. they were able to stop the proteins to make the armor. and without the support of its exoskeleton, the bacterium folds the pops. so it's really like the nano bodies are the key of

the story going between the hours and these assembled just and then nobody was possible because of the size, the that success come to, to test and no bodies in the lab. in other words, on living mice, the, my swear, infected wood on trucks and then getting the nano bodies twice a day for 6 days. well, i really, so they weren't going to die on a sleeve, me and my colleague of sleep fluids during the experiments. and then the my subject to, to get better, get better, but getting better. and on sunday morning i get this cold from sleep like so. why is that? that was why the control group got old dad. i remember really excited jumping. i was like, maybe my ph, i'm having remco and i expected something likely to is because, oh my god and you said something this, this, this isn't, this is huge,

is that it's worse. so the best days of my life this opens up really a lot of line of research and also the opening of new possible treatment for under my kids that have such a higher. this is huge versus in the belgian city of kent when not able to use have enjoyed the most spectacular success. this is the headquarters of ab links, a stone top founded in 2001 to develop applications for college, not a bodies scientific success story. the discovery of a special type of small anti bodies and cabinets, sparked decades of innovation. and it led to the foundation of abilene is in 2000 dead one at that time, the small anti body, what's the name?

amount of body and the start of the company at 10 at police. 15 is blink 6 fluid potential applications to various types of diseases. investors gradually began seeing the advantages of using calculating non abilities. and in 2018 they hit the jackpot. the goal process, i know 6, evaluate both. it was a good investment it out the well, who hosted this 3900000000 euros and amount equivalent to the promise held in the timing on a bodies. the 1st actual use was a drug center fee began selling in 2019 caps. assume. ready a drug tobacco for an auto immune blood disorder that's very red, but faithful in 90 percent of cases, if left untreated, a t t p. the

nationally suffers from the disease acquired from both takes from the side to peanut poor, poor the today. thanks to capt decision map. she's in the class. she's returning to the hospital for a checkup with profess a couple. an a t t piece specialist gets a treatment work in the summer. yes. very well overall. ok on it on us, everything's really back to normal. now. we just need to check every 3 months and probably for the rest of your life a lot faster. it is solely on the good, multi it from what a real prostitute, the edges and all that stuff to get bruises. so my body is that a pizza, no reason for the they stuff is on my legs. and then gradually all his,

all usual by literally stuff is moving up is suited to swamp, which is up to several feet. i suppose i bashed into something and so not realize it because i'm very active. i'm a primary school teacher. so, so do go, go and my children are very young is off, i'm always moving around to her. it's happened over a couple of weeks. it's an eyesore since if it smells like, hey, something's wrong and it's because the bruises started to appeal my. oh, yeah. and i had a huge one on my hand, and i'll see if i thought to myself is on this is something wrong. tricity a christmas to them for having to talk to matter the key. it's a disease that's linked to the formation of small clots in the vessels of emotion organs, typically the brain and the heart, but also the digestive tract and the kidneys. and so if we do nothing, the organs fail, then the patient dies all gun a mushroom on. as soon as spa hot talk to them about the nano body seek

out the blood proteins involved in the disorder. detached themselves. they replace the platelets that cause the blood clubs and prevent them from company. the cumberland nano bodies make it possible to attacks that diseases and know what kings associated with this is you might, since we added campuses a map to plasma exchange and other immune suppressive treatments, patient responses not just in the past or it's also long last angle that's what's new to the 2nd month? no, on the out of it this off, thanks to this, we can now stop plasma exchange much sooner than before. currently we estimate that with the addition of capital, assume that we can cut treatment time in half lashawn with this function, some of the goat and um, over the millions of years developed into different kimball types like toe,

smaller thoughts around 50000000 years ago. they split into the tools and images, and i believe the new wealth camels and the old solid candidates. and the new world, cameron, it's, they migrated down to the southern america, which i represent that now, but a nama. i talked to the, we're not going to be calling you in the old world. campbell's day migrated very via the bearing land preach to asia and from the out in to africa. the illusion of the nano board, easy to also very, very old development must have been older even than 15000000 years ago because both kimberly niches have it. so the system does not know bodies must have developed before display of these totally ditches. they have developed over the millions of

years, very successful, and mechanisms to fight against diseases. then no need for lucian has left it small come the species but white cabinets in particular, i would to face by chance. a lot of people, lucian thing happened by chance, trial and error. so something which has been successful survived and evolved. and if it was too much, if it cost to keep, then it would have been abundant again by the species. but why are mammals would not have develop the same strategy? i don't know. the, the cumberlands may still have the other secrets, but for now the sharing the benefits of their immune system with humans. these alpaca is for the king, the paris belong to the us. the cheapest,

they play an active role in some major research. the immuno logistic pa fi is the ship it to this small research heard the take all say uh go to interested in cumberland antibodies about 20 years ago because of professor homeless work in brussels. yes. i would said all the people 1st thought it was funny that we were working with our package. so as of now it's become so important that everybody understands remote. i'm facts and i seen them against various procedures against outside was in particular have to get your home to pull you up. once the facts and nights it would take a blood samples of continual work in the line. it could have useful to please continue. i thought i gave them what we leave the animals alone for a couple of us. what it is, some key the phone don't presume, is that okay with them? now if you 2 years of peace and quiet the, the next step,

extracting from those few sentences of blood, the anti bodies, the animal has produced in response to the protein characteristics the outside this disease fuels. and it doesn't have to have several 1000000 anti bodies. louie passed developed the rabies vaccine in these buildings, in the 18 eighty's and the institute continues to work on promising treatments. thanks to itself pack as many anti bodies affinities on kiko a for cool we can make empty bodies against cause a to see again see kind of an recently against monkey pox for so we can make some a conception brain cells. but in the containment for service on, you just have to include minor search focuses on outside for us, is that we're trying to extract the anti bodies specific to outside. most cool, the diagnostic heat. and eventually for treatment will call for giving us take

a look for that to help with the nano bodies that could recognize some of the diseases degenerative characteristics. and in this case, none of bodies specifically produced by elpac. cuz the, the 1st stage is to extract the dna from all the nano bodies in the blood sample and then introduce it to the bacteria. a dual credit. oh yeah. i mean, yeah, we have 1000000000 bacteria and signing the dna, encoding for about 100000000 nano antibodies. we call the feel it through selection method so that we gradually isolate the 10 best, none of what easy to put key the email and then don't keep cool. do long keys and do the by the,

the selection is ruthless. they 1st use a virus that can eliminate 99 percent of them suitable not able to use the remaining 1000 candidates to attend as a, to a robots which one by one test their ability to identify the outside that protein. the entire process takes around 3 months or just to if the original 100000000 nano bodies remain standing the, the chosen and unable to use it. then taken to the us, the to do several, the power sprain institute to help conduct research and outside this p a p, i. left size antibodies are always eagerly awaited, especially by adults, have been what the lead to do is exploring new methods of diagnosing the disease.

the outside of this directly affects the brain's neuro communication network, the, the formation of protein deposits, known as i'm annoyed. tax blocks the flow of information, but the disease also causes the new runs themselves to degenerate and die. the outside is initially effects memory before closing irreversible damage in the other areas of the brain. for treatment to be effective, outside of this must be diagnosed as early as possible. the goal is to detect the amyloid text build up in the patient sprains from this stopped the

into the nano bodies. but that responsiveness must 1st be tested to die so that it doesn't want to call mush, won't print from you. it's quite interesting to include the 2 anti bodies really work very well and this one recognizes the family plaques. and so i've done some tagging on a transgenic mouse that's full of amyloid legs and that you can see they're all tactic to. this really resembles what we see in the brains of alzheimer's patients, you know, to go into the anti body is very precise and we recognize there's only one thing. there's no background noise. so take a look if it really is perfect. and the other anti body recognizes the 2nd classic lesion of alzheimer's disease. ero, 5 blurry tangles, loc newsheel. so you can see that all the lesions have been carefully detected. and most of the naval campus people go, which is the memory center for humans and animals. and you can also see all the time you are on is recognized by the antiquity. when you follow the logical

the 1st experiment was conducted on brain tissue extracted from mice. it will now be repeated on living animals. to delete the most there under the microscope or the aim is to see if the nano bodies can cross the blood brain barrier. busy speaking by yeah, keep them in assets. name such as this of barriers isolates the brain from the plot through fi. because the blood carries pathogenesis, toxic molecules that mustn't enter the brain. they're inside of this battery or is that important molecules like antibodies count across it to go, except maybe cml it onto bodies and click on the small size is the key drop off those. and then you can see for now it's very flag inside. you can just start to make some shapes appearing and real time you can see the active on the exit. the vessel is crossing the blood brain barrier and it will gradually spread

and gather at the sight of the amyloid black sea. so can we do any with it back in and enjoy the yacht? that's cool. you can see the prox claim a little something old attacking is done by the anti bodies. but this time 6 was invisible enough to slice unimaginable just a few years ago. the technology opens up new opportunities for treating outside this disease is just the sea level to call these nano anti bodies or nano bodies box clearly have a feature by combining them with elements that can be picked up on an m r. i will be able to carry out early, high resolution diagnoses on patients to the bus here, as well as monitor of various therapies on the regression of nice lesions. no, nothing of this website is you. these are high hopes in the fight against a disease that afflicts hundreds of thousands each year in europe and an estimate to $10000000.00 worldwide. but none of the abilities can go even further

and highlight all the processes that occurred deep inside the human body. the fluid is the schwartzbar, wants to use the nano bodies, tiny size to infiltrate and living cells at the one that to what goes on inside them. a joke that requires a slight upgrade to the not able to use the nano bodies are invisible. since we can see them, we must make them visible. we link the nano bodies with a small source and protein to make a chroma bodies to then coma from the rest. and it's not a body that makes it possible to navigate within cells and ups of some of the biological processes live. since these are dynamic

processes taking place inside sales, and that's where the chromium body has the additional advantage of functioning in living cells. the sales process is, can be displayed, and the dynamic modifications within can be visualized in real time. and when does it tell it which side is what it is inside the cell, the cry, my body binds itself to its target. it traces the targets come tools and reveals its movements. must be you'll see that we can see the chroma body, the signal of a chroma body that is bound itself to the h i. v virus. we can observe and find detail how the h i. p virus attaches itself to a sales plasma membrane and it's been discharged to infect neighboring cells. i'm not able to send it to you from a bodies are already used today to study the effect of 2nd drugs on cells in

particular for cancer treatments you see for an hour or sleep and all that. and you can also see a criminal body and a living cancer cell, the chroma body collides with a nuclear membrane. so we can observe the division of this cancer cell. it's an important process and those, for example, if we want to now develop a drugs that prevents cancer cells from dividing, we can test them in the cell line. we will know immediately at what moment and then what quantities of drug stops this cancer cell minute, and we can see it in real time on the skin to months to turn lice, mitchell, for. so this is what this helps us choose medicines at a very early stage and saves money in the development of new active ingredients. next, often none or bodies of the greatest hope in cancer treatment is 18000000. new counts the cases, the diagnosed every year of nearly 10000000 people die from the disease.

most current cancer treatment, slack precision, the chemotherapy attacks no certainty, cancer cells, but healthy ones too, were such as they're looking for more targeted therapies. and none of the bodies have become a new precision weapon in the fight against cancer. the, the number of potential applications is growing. so i'm a designed to inhibit to cim as gross, while others destroyed the cancer cells. a strategy adopted by belgian stop per site rex. it relies on no body special ability to bind on to other molecules to form

a bond with a radioactive isotopes. the treatment is still in the test phase, but some potential uses already being assessed in clinical trials. here in a 1st stage and then everybody is being added to a trace so that she's very slightly radioactive. it's mission to seek out disease cells and attach itself to them. here we say an x and i read them floats with a high uptake and hair as we can see, the restoration or also very good uptake of the trace sooner than anybody's target is a protein called her to that's a characteristic of 2nd types of cancer. for us, it's very important to know if there is a higher her 2 expression into 2 more and then the best assist of the tumor. and

then if i start to lose nose, because we know in that way if this patient will respond to therapy. another advantage as it to now is the treatment to be tailored to the nature of the cancer . however, there is such as long term goal is to equip the nano bodies, but the phone more powerful radioactive payload. so the nano will the east present into 2 more. but the future couple, the same nano will be with that. so if you trivialize it to, so you will, you read the aids to, to more and so the cancer cells, so specifically targeting to, to more cells while sparing to the healthy tissue what you want. the small size is very beneficial for this approach. once you administer it to a patient, it diffuses through too much to, to hurry fast. on the other hand, of course, you're working with the very potent radio as it took for to if you take use and you don't want the friction that is not bound on the to mark to stay along the body.

and because of the small size you to clear out very fast from the body, which is perfect for the safety. now the young style top must complete the extensive series of required tests to guess it's treatments approved to the clinical studies to prove that their drug is safe and a fetus from all the way from the camel. if you want hold to the patients and the told so i need to take more than 10 years. i'm not able to use have to potential to revolutionize therapies and diagnostic procedures now and in the future. the growing number of companies offering custom made nono bodies is proof in itself the, along with the physical and chemical benefits. the single domain antibodies are

also especially lights and an expensive to produce these practical and economic advantages make them affordable. so many research labs, stimulating innovation, the candidates may look very unassuming, but them must as a minute to rising antibodies, which has made them into the kings of biotech. something. no one could have predicted. the fact that should cheer camel's unplug, as unlike the

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the a this has dw news live from the land of far rides, german political party, congress springs thousands to the streets. police confront active is trying to disrupt the alternative to germany, is gathering, get the latest updates from our correspondence on the ground. tulsa, coming up presidential election of run of called in is iran asked arrival candidates fails, or when i'm at george? record low turn out sees the so the form is content that small lead. nobody's hotline opponents. the.