ice in football, and you would probably have that set you up to date. well, well, the use of the top of the hour and just a moment product a looks at some surprising things were getting wrong about images on the, on the dream of revolution dictates has the most, uh, was full. that changed my life. the people hope for a sara society. i imagined we would change the world. tens of thousands of messages from all over the world wanted to help reconstruct the country. this mission became the dream, was simply a spirit of optimism where we encouraged each other. so many things were suddenly imaginable. there are the most efficient and make it

a dream of revolution. thoughts, july 20th w. this might look like a bunch of pipes, but this video isn't about coming. it's about this weed grass that shows all the energy made and used in united states in 2022. i know it looks complicated and a little boring, but bear with me because it made me realize that there's something fundamentally wrong with how we talk about energy, a see distress or something in common with this one from germany and china and india and australia. and basically, every country on us, it's this part right here. and it was single handedly reshape how we think about switching away from fossil fuels to clean the forms of energy like sun and wind. because it turns out we don't need to replace all of the fossil fuels or dining. we actually need to replace a 3rd of them. here's why. this type of graph is called

a thank you flow chart. it's above the view of how energy flows into and through modern society. that's breakdown what's actually going on. the graphs measure the amount of energy at 4 different stages in the energy chain. they called primary secondary final and useful primary energy is the original stuff that's used to produce power. whether it's a piece of coal or the when that turns a turbine, that primary energy is converted into a secondary intentional, which basically makes it transportable. that's the electricity that goes into the grid. well, the petrol that gets sent to a local petro station. when that electricity or potential gets to you, it's called final energy. this type is going to be really important later on. and then when you actually use it, it's called useful energy. now if we look at where the vast majority of our primary energy comes from, things look really bad. just by decades of activism in investment and renewables,

fossil fuels so supplied 80 percent of the world's energy. that's the figure that people who are skeptical about renewables bring up a lot. they use it to tell you what stuck with fossil fuels because it's impossible to replace them in time. fossil fuels right now are 80 percent of the world's energy and all of these plans involved using all solar and wind in the near future . and i think there's no evidence that's doable. and so when, when can be amazing, paddle it can help somewhat, but it's not going to be the main supplier we are. and for a long time we shall be made a spa. so if you would civilization beautiful, but the 80 percent number is really only half the story. this graph also shows something that the skeptics i'm talking about very much. and that's all these gray lines. let's see, every stage of this process is inefficient and some portion of the energy is wasted . it ends up in this huge section here, it's just called rejected energy. and all these flow charges from around the world are pretty much the same thing. the majority of the energy we produce is wasted.

people are always shocked by the amount of, you know, what we refer to as projected energy or wasted energy. that's kimberly may, through the research scientist to leads the team at long civil law national laboratory. it makes me strong. scientists who have been drawing them since the middle of the 20th century. let me go find my oldest dusty assortment. here is yellow in paper and they've been in the page protectors here. actually got 1970 us energy flow, motivated the bar in tennessee. it, she says, and despite the data going back to 6 decades, most people aren't aware of how. ready official carbon systems are it's not something that you can see. it's not like a select visit garbage bins or rejected energy goes into. i think that if there was a garbage pin where everybody saw wasted electrons piling up and they might really, you know, take notice in and see the rejected energy and the big impact that efficiencies

have. right. so what happens, we take notice of illness and efficiency is any of this actually is fixable from an engineering point of view. it's good fun that's. i'm assuming she's an energy efficiency analyst at the international energy agency, one of the biggest practice of how a modern energy systems work. it's like being a detective sometimes. like how can i make this better? you know, what can i do to improve the system? let's go back to the graph. it's pretty easy to see one of the biggest conferences generating electricity. when coal on natural gas is done to move the steam turbine, the majority of that heat is lost to the environment. these are huge tons, these times costs the last they probably the equipment costs the loss and they can be in use for maybe 20 or 30 years. so they might start off as being efficient. but by the time they get towards the end of their life, they're getting more and more inefficient. and well, most pallets on operate is claimed to run $0.20. do need to go offline with a full time maintenance. so due to unexpected outages that creates a locked voice, it energy, it takes time for the systems to warm up and you get

a lot of heat loss just in the system, getting warmed up. so you can have a, can you and have a huge partner, for example, and a huge boiler full of metal that needs to shop itself before it can start getting to the temperature so that it needs to generate electricity. so there are lots of losses that public gets even worse. tony push the electricity grid to its limits. that's called pick them up. and when they reach or exceeded utility companies start to turn on all the less sufficient plants to keep up with a demand. even if it's only a tiny, tiny amount over a fund we normally use, we have to bring on line some of the older plans. when we bring on 90 older phones, they're inefficient. and they're not generation at their full capacity. but why not just losing energy on this side of the graph? a lot of it, the majority in fact, gets lost too many go from final energy to useful energy. and that's because of how inefficient fossil fuel based appliances in engines. i think of putting your hand over a gas stove top, even it to a heating something up. most of the energy from dining. the gas is lost as and the

and heat in your kitchen. and you're on 40 percent of that. he's actually being used to cool things. got similar to what happens in a car engine to every leader of petrol that goes into a tank. only about 20 to 30 percent is actually used to move your call. the rest is just wasted, whether us demo losses from the engine, what of how other parts of the cost system. and when you add up all the ways in which energy gets lost from heating your home to big industrial processes to moving all about stuff around with the trucks, we get to this crazy number at the end, around 2 thirds of the energy that goes in. so it's absolutely no purpose for us. so that sounds pretty bad. but in reality, this is a really good deal. that's because renewable energy generate is like solar panels, wind turbines, and hodge of health sense don't need to go in anything to reduce electricity. it's nice that they're more efficient, it's just that we use them straight away. so we use also fuels to generate the drives, the turbine that generates electricity. when we do

a wind turbine or skipping those 1st 2 processes and going straight to the turbine, which generates electricity, even when you factor in the losses that come from the grid, battery storage go hydro electric turbines. the vast majority of the energy generated from these sources ends up becoming electricity that you can use as something else really important. what happens if we got rid of fossil fuels? all of the machines we rely on today and gas, what petro, to work with now have to use that a tricity instead. and that makes them way more efficient to take that same gas step up from the phone. if you spell it out within induction step, which way very new introduce heat. you end up using are in a 3rd of the primary energy, but against i'm talking about switching to anything called good now using around 90 percent of the energy that goes in to move your call and some electric options like heat pumps are able to do 3 or 4 times as much work for the same amount of primary in a used as the fuel based alternative. if we have to replace all current energy use

with renewables, i really would be very good question mistake if we can really replace hoff files, correct and change with energy efficiency and then the other off with renewables and then it looks like that's me again an energy employment policy research reduction. he wrote a paper in 2021 that worked out how much energy we would be using and a fully electrified to so i think we have done it for individual bits of the transition. but no one has been so 100 been stupid enough to try to plow through. well then it just to test fiction and there's a whole lot. what he found was that we would be saving a lot of energy. in fact, we may have about 40 percent less final energy than we currently do in our vendor. ringback got this side of the grid, not that's on the switch to renewables, involves a switch to add attrition to which helps energy efficiency. so you've got the synergy between the efficiency renewables, so it's not just off doing one off doing the other. when you look at the whole

system, the to house healthy it's easy to feel like we're moving way too slow when it comes to transitioning away from fossil fuels. but if we shift thinking away from the amount of stuff we need to put in to the amount of stuff we need to get out, the picture looks a whole lot less bleak. switching to renewables gives us a lot more bang for our buck. and it means we have to electrify, most of the things we do, which makes us things less energy intensive in the 1st place. and for a lot of us, there's not much we can do individually to change where we get our primary energy. but focusing more on how to efficiently get what we need, something that everyone can do. so the next time you hit climate skeptic site, it's simply too difficult to switch to renewables. and then we simply have to depend on fossil fuels for that the sable future. think back to this graph. so what do you think is getting rid of fossil fuels easier than it seems? the comments the lower subscribe to general reducing? if you use for your every friday

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